Index of /debian/3.0/
(HTML version in README.html)
Debian GNU/Linux 3.0r3 "Woody" - Official i386 Binary-1 CD
CONTENTS:
* Intro
* About This CD
* Installing
* Upgrading
* Last-Minute Notes
* Using CDs with Dselect and Apt
* Non-free/Non-US
* CD Manufacturers
* More Information
Welcome to the exciting world of
Debian GNU/Linux!
Intro
=====
This is one of the CD-ROMs of the Debian GNU/Linux distribution.
Debian is a very extensive collection of software. But it is more. It
is a complete Operating System (OS) for your computer. And it is free
(as in "freedom").
An operating system is the set of basic programs and utilities that
make your computer run. At the core of an operating system is the
kernel. The kernel is the most fundamental program on the computer,
which does all the basic housekeeping and lets you start other
programs. Debian is kernel independent. It currently uses the Linux
kernel but work is in progress to provide Debian for other kernels,
using the Hurd. Most of the basic operating system tools come from the
GNU project; hence the name GNU/Linux.
Debian is available for various kinds of computers ("architectures"),
like "IBM-compatible" PCs (i386), Compaq's Alpha, Motorola's 680x0
(m68k), Sun's Sparc, Motorola/IBM's PowerPC, and (Strong)ARM
processors. Check the ports page (http://www.debian.org/ports) for
more information.
Read more at
http://www.debian.org/intro/about
About This CD
=============
This CD-ROM is labeled
Debian GNU/Linux 3.0r3 "Woody" - Official i386 Binary-1
which means that this CD is number 1 of totally 8 CDs containing
programs ("binaries") for `i386' computers.
The programs on the Binary CDs are ordered by popularity. The Binary-1
CD contains the most popular programs and the installation tools; it
is possible to install and run Debian with only the Binary-1 CD. The
other CDs, up to Binary-8, contain mostly special-interest programs.
Installing
==========
Because Debian is a complete Operating System, the installation
procedure may seem a bit unusual. You can install Debian GNU/Linux
either next to your current OS, or as only OS on your computer.
Read the Installation Manual, on this CD at
/install/doc/install.en.html (English version).
Translations of the Installation Manual, and plain-text and PDF
versions, are also available in the
/install/doc
directory, along with various other documents.
Programs and other files that are needed for the installation can be
found on this CD under
/dists/woody/main/disks-i386
For the impatient ones: you can start the installation program easily
by booting off this CD-ROM. Note that not all (esp. older) systems
support this.
You can also examine the
/install
directory; you might be able to start the installation system directly
from there.
Upgrading
=========
If you are already running an older version of the Debian GNU/Linux
Operating System, you may want to upgrade to version 3.0.
Upgrade instructions can be found in the Release Notes, available
online at:
http://www.debian.org/releases/woody/releasenotes
Last-Minute Notes
=================
Sometimes, a slight problem with a Debian CD may be discovered well
after it has been released. If there are any such issues, they will be
discussed in the Last Minute Notes section of the Debian CD webpage at
http://www.debian.org/CD.
Using CDs with Dselect and Apt
==============================
After installing or upgrading, Debian's packaging system can use
CD-ROMs, local collections, or networked servers (FTP, HTTP) to
automatically install software from (.deb packages). This is done
preferably with the `apt' and `dselect' programs. If you do not
already know how to setup these, here is a brief explanation.
First of all, comment out every line of /etc/apt/sources.list by
placing a hash sign (`#') in front of it (if it isn't already there).
Then you need to add new "deb" lines describing the location(s) where
apt will get the new packages from. You can add "deb" lines for a
packages mirror on a local harddisk, and/or FTP/HTTP mirrors, and/or
(a set of) CD-ROMs. `Apt' will consider all packages that can be found
via any "deb" line, and use the one with the highest version number,
giving priority to the first mentioned lines. (So, in case of multiple
mirror locations, you'd typically first name a local harddisk, then
CD-ROMs, and finally FTP/HTTP mirrors.)
* For an archive on a local harddisk, that for example has these
directories,
/var/ftp/debian/dists/woody/main/binary-i386/...
/var/ftp/debian/dists/woody/contrib/binary-i386/...
--------------- ----- |\
\________ \_ | \___
add: \ \ | \
--------------- ----- | \
deb file:/var/ftp/debian woody main contrib
As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd and
following arguments are used to expand the path into multiple
directories.
If you have a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US,
you typically have to add lines like these:
deb file:/var/ftp/debian woody main contrib non-free
deb file:/var/ftp/debian-non-US woody/non-US main contrib
non-free
If you don't have such a structure, other description lines are
possible, see the sources.list manpage.
* FTP and HTTP packages mirror addresses can be found on this CD in
README.mirrors.txt, or on http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist,
look at the "Full list of mirrors".
If the mirror has these directories:
ftp://some-server/debian/dists/woody/main/binary-i386/...
ftp://some-server/debian/dists/woody/contrib/binary-i386/...
------------------------ ----- | |
\___ / | |
add: \ / | |
------------------------ ----- | |
deb ftp://some-server/debian woody main contrib
As shown, the `dists' is added implicitly, and the 3rd and
following arguments are used to expand the path into multiple
directories.
If you use a complete mirror that also has non-free and non-US,
you typically have to add lines like these:
deb ftp://some-server/debian woody main contrib non-free
deb ftp://some-server/debian-non-US woody/non-US main contrib
non-free
If the mirror doesn't have such a structure, other description
lines are possible, see the sources.list manpage.
* If you use (one or more) CD-ROMs, do _not_ add any lines to
sources.list manually.
Instead, first make sure there is a line in /etc/fstab that
connects the /cdrom mount point with your CD-ROM drive (the exact
`/cdrom' mount point is "required" for apt). For example, if
/dev/hdc is your CD-ROM drive, /etc/fstab should contain a line
/dev/hdc /cdrom auto defaults,noauto,ro 0 0
To test this, insert a CD-ROM and give commands
mount /cdrom
ls -alF /cdrom (should show the CD-ROM's root directory)
umount /cdrom
Then, use the command
apt-cdrom add
to add the data of each CD-ROM to apt's internal database. This
command will ask for one CD-ROM per run, and mount/unmount the
CD-ROM automatically. You should repeat this command for all 3.0
`Binary' CD-ROMs you have.
When the sources.list is correct, the final step of the preparation is
to update apt's internal database with the command
apt-get update
Once this is done, you can install packages from the commandline using
apt-get. For example, if you want to install the packages `commprog'
and `maxgame', you can give the command
apt-get install commprog maxgame
Note that you don't have to enter the complete path, or the `.deb'
extension. `Apt' will figure this out itself.
`Dselect' is also able to use `apt' to fetch the packages. To set up
`dselect', choose [A]ccess in the main menu, and then select `apt'.
The sources.list file should be okay already, so don't let the program
make a new one. Then, after an [U]pdate, the configuration is ready.
You can just keep using [S]elect and [I]nstall to install packages.
See dselect's online help screens for more information (use the `?'
key).
Non-free and Non-US
===================
The package sections `non-free' and `non-US' contain packages that
either have a restrictive license, or can't be used in some countries
like the US because of patent problems. It may well be that this CD
does not contain (all of) these packages. You can get them from our
FTP/HTTP mirror sites.
`Non-free' packages are on our "regular" mirrors, listed in
README.mirrors.html on this CD, or on
http://www.debian.org/distrib/ftplist ("Full list of mirrors").
`Non-US' packages are on special mirrors outside the US, listed in
README.non-US on this CD, or on
http://www.debian.org/misc/README.non-US.
CD Manufacturers
================
You are completely free to manufacture and (re-)distribute CD-ROMs of
the Debian GNU/Linux Operating System, like this one. There is no
charge from us (but of course donations are always welcome).
For all needed information, and contact addresses, please refer to
http://www.debian.org/CD
More Information
================
There is much more information present on this CD. Besides the already
mentioned installation procedure, this is the most interesting:
* /doc/FAQ Debian FAQ
* /doc/constitution.txt The Debian Constitution
* /doc/debian-manifesto The Debian Manifesto
* /doc/social-contract.txt Debian's Social Contract
* /doc/bug-reporting.txt Bug reporting instructions
Also on the Internet are many resources. To name a few:
* http://www.debian.org The Debian homepage
* http://www.debian.org/doc Debian Documentation
* http://www.debian.org/support Debian User Support
* http://www.tldp.org The Linux Documentation Project
* http://www.linux.org General Linux homepage
See the Debian contact page (http://www.debian.org/contact) for
information on contacting us.
Last Modified: Wed Apr 18 19:09:34 CEST 2001