System Administration Guide: Advanced Administration

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August 2006

Abstract

This book is for anyone responsible for administering one or more systems that run the . The book covers a broad range of Solaris system administration topics such as managing printing services, managing terminals and modems, managing system resources (disk quotas, accounting, and crontabs), managing system processes, and troubleshooting Solaris software problems.

Topics are described for both SPARC™ and x86 based systems, where appropriate.


Table of Contents

About This Book
Who Should Use This Book
How the System Administration Volumes Are Organized
Related Third-Party Web Site References
Documentation, Support, and Training
Typographic Conventions
Shell Prompts in Command Examples
General Conventions
1. Managing Printing Services (Overview)
What's New in Printing?
Internet Printing Protocol Improvements
PAPI Print Command and IPP Implementation
Device URI Protocol
Never Print Banner Option Available in Solaris Print Manager
Where to Find Printer Tasks
Printing in the Solaris Operating System
Solaris Print Manager
Printing Support in the Name Service Switch
LDAP Print Support Guidelines
Choosing a Method to Manage Printers
The LP Print Service
Managing Network Printers
Administering Printers
Setting Definitions for Printers
Administering Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts
Customizing the LP Print Service
The Solaris Print Client-Server Process
The Print Client Process
Using Print Clients
What Is a Print Client?
Printer Configuration Resources
How the Print Software Locates Printers
Using Print Servers
The BSD Printing Protocol
IPP Listener Support
Expanded Printer Support
Expanded Printer Support Features
Using the lpstat Command to Determine if a PPD File Was Used to Create a Print Queue
2. Planning Printers on Your Network (Tasks)
Distributing Printers on the Network
Assigning Print Servers and Print Clients
Print Server Requirements and Recommendations
Spooling Space
Disk Space
Memory Requirements
Swap Space
Hard Disk
Planning for Printer Setup
Setting Printer Definitions
Selecting a Printer Type
Selecting a File Content Type
Frequently Used Printers
3. Setting Up Printers (Tasks)
Setting Up Printing (Task Map)
Setting Up Printing by Using Solaris Print Manager
Printer Setup With Solaris Print Manager
Solaris Print Manager and Special Characters
Starting Solaris Print Manager
Setting Up a Print Server
Setting Up a Print Client
Setting Up a .printers File
Introduction to Adding a Network Printer
Printer Vendor-Supplied Software for Network Printers
Sun Support for Network Printers
Invoking Network Printer Support
Selecting the Print Protocol
Selecting the Printer Node Name
Selecting the Destination Name (Also Called the Network Printer Access Name)
Setting the Timeout Value
Managing Network Printer Access
4. Administering Printers (Tasks)
Managing Printers and the Print Scheduler (Task Map)
Managing Printers and the Print Scheduler
Deleting Printers and Printer Access
Checking Printer Status
Stopping and Restarting the Print Scheduler
Starting the Print Scheduler With Options
Using the RFC-1179 Protocol Listener to Cascade Print Requests
Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions (Task Map)
Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions
Setting Up a Default Printer Destination
Printing Banner Pages
Setting Up Printer Classes
Setting Up Printer Fault Alerts
Setting Up Printer Fault Recovery
Limiting User Access to a Printer
Managing Print Requests (Task Map)
Managing Print Requests
Enabling or Disabling a Printer From Printing
Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests
Canceling a Print Request
Moving a Print Request
Changing the Priority of Print Requests
5. Managing Character Sets, Filters, Forms, and Fonts (Tasks)
Managing Character Sets (Task Map)
Managing Character Sets
Selectable Character Sets
Hardware Character Sets
Tracking Print Wheels
Alerts for Mounting Print Wheels or Font Cartridges
Managing Print Filters (Task Map)
Managing Print Filters
Creating Print Filters
Adding, Changing, Deleting, and Restoring Print Filters
Managing Forms (Task Map)
Managing Forms
Adding, Changing, or Deleting Forms
Mounting Forms
Tracking Forms
Defining Alerts for Mounting Forms
Checking Forms
Limiting Access to Forms
Managing Fonts (Task Map)
Managing Fonts
Managing Printer-Resident Fonts
Downloading Host-Resident Fonts
Installing and Maintaining Host-Resident Fonts
6. Customizing the LP Print Service (Tasks)
Customizing the LP Print Service (Task Map)
Adjusting Printer Port Characteristics
Adding a terminfo Entry for an Unsupported Printer
Customizing the Printer Interface Program
The Standard Printer Interface Program
Customizing stty Modes
Exit Codes
Fault Messages
Using a Customized Printer Interface Program
Creating a New Print Filter
Writing a Print Filter Program
Creating a Print Filter Definition
Creating a New Printer Form
7. LP Print Service (Reference)
Printer Tasks
Definition of the LP Print Service
Structure of the LP Print Service
LP Print Service Directories
LP Print Service Configuration Files
The terminfo Database
Daemons and LP Internal Files
LP Print Service Log Files
Print Queue Logs
History Log Files
Spooling Directories
LP Print Service Commands
Functions of the LP Print Service
How LP Administers Files and Schedules Local Print Requests
Scheduling Network Print Requests
Filtering Print Files
What the Printer Interface Program Does
How the lpsched Daemon Tracks the Status of Print Requests
Cleaning Out Log Files
How Local Printing Works
How Remote Printing Works
8. Managing Terminals and Modems (Overview)
What's New in Managing Terminals and Modems?
Coherent Console
Changes to How $TERM Value for Console Is Set
ttymon Invocations on the System Console Managed by SMF
Terminals, Modems, Ports, and Services
Terminal Description
Modem Description
Ports Description
Services Description
Port Monitors
Tools for Managing Terminals and Modems
Serial Ports Tool
Service Access Facility
9. Setting Up Terminals and Modems (Tasks)
Setting Terminals and Modems (Task Map)
Setting Up Terminals and Modems With Serial Ports Tool (Overview)
Setting Up Terminals
Setting Up Modems
How to Set Up a Terminal, a Modem, and Initialize a Port (Tasks)
Troubleshooting Terminal and Modem Problems
10. Managing Serial Ports With the Service Access Facility (Tasks)
Managing Serial Ports (Task Map)
Using the Service Access Facility
Overall SAF Administration (sacadm)
Service Access Controller (SAC Program)
SAC Initialization Process
Port Monitor Service Administration (pmadm)
ttymon Port Monitor
Port Initialization Process
Bidirectional Service
TTY Monitor and Network Listener Port Monitors
TTY Port Monitor (ttymon)
ttymon and the Console Port
ttymon-Specific Administrative Command (ttyadm)
Network Listener Service (listen)
Special listen-Specific Administrative Command (nlsadmin)
Administering ttymon Port Monitors
Administering ttymon services (Task Map)
Administering ttymon Services
Service Access Facility Administration (Reference)
Files Associated With the SAF
/etc/saf/_sactab File
/etc/saf/ pmtab/_pmtab File
Service States
Port Monitor States
Port States
11. Managing System Resources (Overview)
What's New in Managing System Resources?
New prtconf Option to Display Product Names
Managing System Resources (Road Map)
12. Displaying and Changing System Information (Tasks)
Displaying System Information (Task Map)
Displaying System Information
psrinfo Command Option to Identify Chip Multithreading Features
New localeadm Command
Changing System Information (Task Map)
Changing System Information
13. Managing Disk Use (Tasks)
Managing Disk Use (Task Map)
Displaying Information About Files and Disk Space
Checking the Size of Files
Checking the Size of Directories
Finding and Removing Old or Inactive Files
14. Managing Quotas (Tasks)
What Are Quotas?
Using Quotas
Setting Soft Limits and Hard Limits for Quotas
The Difference Between Disk Block and File Limits
Setting Up Quotas
Guidelines for Setting Up Quotas
Setting Up Quotas (Task Map)
Maintaining Quotas (Task Map)
Checking Quotas
Changing and Removing Quotas
15. Scheduling System Tasks (Tasks)
Creating and Editing crontab Files (Task Map)
Ways to Automatically Execute System Tasks
For Scheduling Repetitive Jobs: crontab
For Scheduling a Single Job: at
Scheduling a Repetitive System Task (cron)
Inside a crontab File
How the cron Daemon Handles Scheduling
Syntax of crontab File Entries
Creating and Editing crontab Files
Displaying crontab Files
Removing crontab Files
Controlling Access to the crontab Command
How to Verify Limited crontab Command Access
Using the at Command (Task Map)
Scheduling a Single System Task (at)
Description of the at Command
Controlling Access to the at Command
16. Managing System Accounting (Tasks)
What's New in System Accounting
Solaris Process Accounting and Statistics Improvements
What is System Accounting?
How System Accounting Works
System Accounting Components
System Accounting (Task Map)
Setting Up System Accounting
Billing Users
Maintaining Accounting Information
Fixing Corrupted Files and wtmpx Errors
Fixing tacct Errors
Restarting the runacct Script
Stopping and Disabling System Accounting
17. System Accounting (Reference)
runacct Script
Daily Accounting Reports
Daily Report
Daily Usage Report
Daily Command Summary
Monthly Command Summary
Last Login Report
Examining the pacct File With acctcom
System Accounting Files
Files Produced by the runacct Script
18. Managing System Performance (Overview)
What's New in Managing System Performance?
Enhanced pfiles Tool
CPU Performance Counters
Where to Find System Performance Tasks
System Performance and System Resources
Processes and System Performance
About Monitoring System Performance
Monitoring Tools
19. Managing System Processes (Tasks)
Managing System Processes (Task Map)
Commands for Managing System Processes
Using the ps Command
Using the /proc File System and Commands
Managing Processes With Process Commands (/proc)
Terminating a Process (pkill, kill)
Debugging a Process (pargs, preap)
Managing Process Class Information (Task Map)
Managing Process Class Information
Changing the Scheduling Priority of Processes (priocntl)
Changing the Priority of a Timesharing Process (nice)
Troubleshooting Problems With System Processes
20. Monitoring System Performance (Tasks)
Displaying System Performance Information (Task Map)
Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics (vmstat)
Displaying Disk Utilization Information (iostat)
Displaying Disk Space Statistics (df)
Monitoring System Activities (Task Map)
Monitoring System Activities (sar)
Checking Kernel Memory Allocation
Collecting System Activity Data Automatically (sar)
Running the sadc Command When Booting
Running the sadc Command Periodically With the sa1 Script
Producing Reports With the sa2 Shell Script
Setting Up Automatic Data Collection (sar)
21. Troubleshooting Software Problems (Overview)
What's New in Troubleshooting?
Possible Common Agent Container Problems in the Solaris OS
SMF Boot Archive Service Might Fail During System Reboot
Dynamic Tracing Facility
kmdb Replaces kadb as Standard Solaris Kernel Debugger
Where to Find Software Troubleshooting Tasks
Troubleshooting a System Crash
kmdb Replaces kadb as Standard Solaris Kernel Debugger
Solaris Dynamic Tracing Facility
What to Do if the System Crashes
Gathering Troubleshooting Data
Troubleshooting a System Crash Checklist
22. Managing System Messages
Viewing System Messages
System Log Rotation
Customizing System Message Logging
Enabling Remote Console Messaging
Using Auxiliary Console Messaging During Run Level Transitions
Using the consadm Command During an Interactive Login Session
23. Managing Core Files (Tasks)
Managing Core Files (Task Map)
Managing Core Files Overview
Configurable Core File Paths
Expanded Core File Names
Setting the Core File Name Pattern
Enabling setuid Programs to Produce Core Files
How to Display the Current Core Dump Configuration
Troubleshooting Core File Problems
Examining Core Files
24. Managing System Crash Information (Tasks)
Managing System Crash Information (Task Map)
System Crashes (Overview)
System Crashes in the GRUB Boot Environment
System Crash Dump Files
Saving Crash Dumps
The dumpadm Command
How the dumpadm Command Works
Dump Devices and Volume Managers
Managing System Crash Dump Information
25. Troubleshooting Miscellaneous Software Problems (Tasks)
What to Do if Rebooting Fails
What to Do if You Forgot Root Password
What to Do if the SMF Boot Archive Service Fails During a System Reboot
What to Do if a System Hangs
What to Do if a File System Fills Up
File System Fills Up Because a Large File or Directory Was Created
A TMPFS File System is Full Because the System Ran Out of Memory
What to Do if File ACLs Are Lost After Copy or Restore
Troubleshooting Backup Problems
The root (/) File System Fills Up After You Back Up a File System
Make Sure the Backup and Restore Commands Match
Check to Make Sure You Have the Right Current Directory
Interactive Commands
Troubleshooting Common Agent Container Problems in the Solaris OS
Port Number Conflicts
Compromised Security for Superuser Password
26. Troubleshooting File Access Problems (Tasks)
Solving Problems With Search Paths (Command not found)
Solving File Access Problems
Changing File and Group Ownerships
Recognizing Problems With Network Access
27. Troubleshooting Printing Problems (Tasks)
Tips on Troubleshooting Printing Problems
Troubleshooting No Output (Nothing Prints)
Troubleshooting Incorrect Output
Troubleshooting Hung lp Commands
Troubleshooting Idle (Hung) Printers
Troubleshooting Conflicting Status Messages
Troubleshooting Printing Problems
How to Troubleshoot No Printer Output
How to Troubleshoot an Idle (Hung) Printer
How to Check for Print Filtering
28. Resolving UFS File System Inconsistencies (Tasks)
New fsck Error Messages
fsck Error Messages
General fsck Error Messages
Initialization Phase fsck Messages
Phase 1: Check Blocks and Sizes Messages
Solaris 10: Phase 1B: Rescan for More DUPS Messages
Phase 1B: Rescan for More DUPS Messages
Phase 2: Check Path Names Messages
Phase 3: Check Connectivity Messages
Phase 4: Check Reference Counts Messages
Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages
Phase 5: Check Cylinder Groups Messages
fsck Summary Messages
Cleanup Phase Messages
29. Troubleshooting Software Package Problems (Tasks)
Troubleshooting Software Package Symbolic Link Problems
Specific Software Package Installation Errors
General Software Package Installation Problems
Index

List of Figures

1.1. Overview of the Print Client Process
1.2. The User Submits a Print Request from a Print Client
1.3. How the Print Client Software Locates Printers
1.4. The Print Server Sends a Print Request to the Printer
2.1. How to Distribute Printers on a Network
2.2. Solaris and lpd-Based Systems Print Configuration
4.1. What Happens When a Printer Is Enabled or Disabled
4.2. What Happens When a Print Queue Accepts or Rejects Requests
7.1. The lpsched Daemon Schedules Local Print Requests
7.2. The Local Printing Process
7.3. Printing Between a Solaris Print Client and a lpd-based Print Server
7.4. Printing Between an lpd-based Print Client and a Solaris Print Server
7.5. Printing Between a Solaris Print Client and a Solaris Print Server
18.1. Relationships Among Process Structures

List of Tables

1. Typographic Conventions
2. Shell Prompts
1.1. Solaris Printing Tools and Their Features
1.2. Printer Definitions Used by Solaris Print Manager
2.1. Printer Definitions Set With Solaris Print Manager
2.2. Choosing File Content Type With Solaris Print Manager When Not Using PPD Files
2.3. Some Non-PostScript Printers for Which Sun Does Not Supply Filters
4.1. Search Order for Default Printer Destinations
4.2. Banner Page Printing
4.3. Values for Printer Fault Alerts
4.4. Values for Printer Fault Recovery
4.5. Values for Allow and Deny Lists
4.6. Values for Changing the Priority of a Print Request
4.7. Functions of accept, reject, enable, and disable Print Commands
5.1. Default PostScript Filters
6.1. Default stty Settings Used by the LP Print Service
6.2. Required terminfo Items for a Printer (Booleans)
6.3. Required terminfo Items for a Printer (Numbers)
6.4. Required terminfo Items for a Printer (Strings)
6.5. Default Printer Port Characteristics
6.6. Printer Interface Program Exit Codes
6.7. Default Values for lpfilter Command
6.8. Keywords for Print Filter Options
6.9. Default Values for Printer Forms
7.1. Directories for the LP Print Service
7.2. Contents of the /etc/lp Directory
7.3. Contents of the /usr/lib/lp Directory
7.4. Codes in the requests Log File
7.5. Outcome Codes in the requests Log File
7.6. Contents of the /var/spool/lp Directory
7.7. Quick Reference to LP Print Service Commands
8.1. Port Monitor Types
8.2. Tools For Managing Terminals and Modems
9.1. Terminal Default Values
9.2. Modem Templates
9.3. Modem Template Default Values
9.4. Initialize Only - No Connection Default Values
10.1. SAF Control Hierarchy
12.1. Commands for Displaying System Information
14.1. Commands for Setting Up Quotas
14.2. Commands for Checking Quotas
14.3. Commands for Changing Quotas and Removing Quotas
15.1. Command Summary: Scheduling System Tasks
15.2. Default crontab Files
15.3. Acceptable Values for crontab Time Fields
16.1. Default Accounting Scripts
17.1. States of the runacct Script
17.2. Daily Accounting Reports
17.3. Daily Report Data
17.4. Daily Usage Report Data
17.5. Daily Command Summary Data
17.6. Options for the acctcom Command
17.7. Files in the /var/adm Directory
17.8. Files in the /var/adm/acct/nite Directory
17.9. Files in the /var/adm/acct/sum Directory
17.10. Files in the /var/adm/acct/fiscal Directory
17.11. Files Created by the runacct Script
18.1. Process Terminology
18.2. Process Structures
18.3. Performance Monitoring Tools
19.1. Commands for Managing Processes
19.2. Summary of Fields in ps Reports
19.3. Process Commands (/proc)
20.1. Output From the vmstat Command
20.2. Options for the sar Command
21.1. Identifying System Crash Data
22.1. Source Facilities for syslog.conf Messages
22.2. Priority Levels for syslog.conf Messages
28.1. Error Message Abbreviations

List of Examples

3.1. Adding a New Attached Printer With PPD Files by Using LP Print Service Commands
3.2. Adding a New Attached Printer Without PPD Files by Using LP Print Service Commands
3.3. Adding Printer Access by Using lp Print Service Commands
3.4. Destination Name (or Network Printer Access Name) With Port Designation (Number)
3.5. Destination Name (or Network Printer Access Name) With BSD Port Designation (Name)
3.6. Destination Name (or Network Printer Access Name) With No Port Designation
3.7. Adding a New Network Printer With PPD Files by Using LP Print Service Commands
3.8. Adding a New Network Printer Without PPD Files by Using LP Print Service Commands
4.1. Deleting a Printer and Remote Printer Access
4.2. Checking the Status of Printers
4.3. lpstat Command Output When Using PPD Files
4.4. Setting Option Values Only for the Duration of a Call
4.5. Setting Option Values That Remain Over a System Reboot
4.6. Adding a Printer Description
4.7. Setting a System's Default Printer Destination
4.8. Making Banner Pages Optional
4.9. Turning Off Printing Banner Pages
4.10. Defining a Class of Printers
4.11. Setting Fault Alerts for a Printer
4.12. Setting Printer Fault Recovery
4.13. Limiting User Access to a Printer
4.14. Checking the Status of Print Requests
4.15. Enabling or Disabling a Printer
4.16. Accepting or Rejecting Print Requests for a Printer
4.17. Canceling a Print Request
4.18. Canceling a Print Request From a Specific User
4.19. Moving Print Requests to Another Printer
4.20. Changing the Priority of a Print Request
5.1. Defining a Print Wheel
5.2. Unmounting and Mounting a Print Wheel
5.3. Setting an Alert to Mount a Print Wheel
5.4. Setting an Alert to Mount a Font Cartridge
5.5. Setting Up No Alerts for a Print Wheel
5.6. Setting Up an Alias for a Selectable Character Set
5.7. Adding a Print Filter
5.8. Deleting a Print Filter
5.9. Viewing Information About a Print Filter
5.10. Viewing Information About All Print Filters on a System
5.11. Redirecting Information About a Print Filter
5.12. Adding a Form
5.13. Deleting a Form
5.14. Unmounting a Form
5.15. Mounting a Form
5.16. Setting an Alert to Mount a Form
5.17. Setting a Console Window Alert
5.18. Setting up No Request Alerts
5.19. Viewing Information About a Form
5.20. Viewing the Current Status of a Form
5.21. Allowing User Access to a Form
5.22. Denying User Access to a Form
5.23. Allowing Printer Access to a Form
5.24. Limiting Printer Access to a Form
6.1. Adjusting the Printer Port Characteristics
6.2. Setting the Terminal Baud Rate
6.3. Setting Up a Custom Printer Interface Program
6.4. Copying a Custom Printer Interface Program
6.5. Creating a New Print Filter
6.6. Creating a New Print Filter by Converting One Input Type to Another Output Type
10.1. Viewing ttymon Port Monitor Status
10.2. Viewing the Status of a TTY Port Monitor Service
12.1. Determining Whether a System Has 32–Bit or 64–Bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled
12.2. Determining Whether a System Has 32–Bit or 64–Bit Solaris Capabilities Enabled
12.3. Displaying General System Information
12.4. Displaying a System's Host ID Number
12.5. Displaying a System's Product Name
12.6. Displaying a System's Installed Memory
12.7. Displaying the Date and Time
12.8. Displaying a System's Processor Type
12.9. Displaying a System's Processor Type
12.10. Setting a System's Date and Time Manually
12.11. Setting Up a Message-Of-The-Day
13.1. Displaying Information About File Size and Disk Space
13.2. Displaying File Size Information in 1024 Bytes
13.3. Displaying Total Number of Blocks and Files Allocated for a File System
13.4. Displaying the Size of Files
13.5. Finding Large Files (Sorting by the Fifth Field's Character)
13.6. Finding Large Files (Sorting by the Left Most Character)
13.7. Finding Files That Exceed a Specified Size Limit
13.8. Displaying the Size of Directories, Subdirectories, and Files
13.9. Displaying the User Ownership of Local UFS File Systems
13.10. Listing the Newest Files
13.11. Finding and Removing Old or Inactive Files
13.12. Clearing Out Temporary Directories
13.13. Finding and Deleting core Files
13.14. Deleting Crash Dump Files
14.1. Configuring File Systems for Quotas
14.2. Setting Up Quotas for a User
14.3. Setting Up Prototype Quotas for Multiple Users
14.4. Checking Quota Consistency
14.5. Turning On Quotas
14.6. Checking for Exceeded Quotas
14.7. Checking Quotas on a File System
14.8. Changing the Soft Limit Default
14.9. Changing Quotas for a User
14.10. Verifying That Hard Quotas Have Been Changed
14.11. Disabling Quotas for a User
14.12. Turning Off Quotas
15.1. Creating a crontab File
15.2. Displaying a crontab File
15.3. Displaying the Default root crontab file.
15.4. Displaying the crontab File of Another User
15.5. Removing a crontab File
15.6. Limiting crontab Command Access to Specified Users
15.7. Creating an at Job
15.8. Displaying at Jobs
15.9. Removing at Jobs
15.10. Denying at Access
16.1. Setting Up Accounting (adm crontab)
16.2. Setting Up Accounting (root crontab)
16.3. Setting Up Accounting (/etc/acct/holidays)
16.4. Billing Users
19.1. Listing Processes
19.2. Displaying Information About Processes
19.3. Controlling Processes
19.4. Debugging a Process (pargs)
19.5. Displaying Basic Information About Process Classes (priocntl)
19.6. Displaying the Global Priority of a Process
19.7. Designating a Process Priority (priocntl)
19.8. Changing Scheduling Parameters of a Timesharing Process (priocntl)
19.9. Changing the Class of a Process (priocntl)
20.1. Displaying Virtual Memory Statistics
20.2. Displaying Interrupts Per Device
20.3. Displaying Disk Utilization Information
20.4. Displaying File System Information
20.5. Checking Buffer Activity (sar b )
20.6. Checking System Call Statistics (sar c )
20.7. Checking Disk Activity
20.8. Checking Page-Out and Memory (sar -g)
20.9. Checking Kernel Memory Allocation (sar k )
20.10. Checking Interprocess Communication (sar -m)
20.11. Checking Page-In Activity (sar p )
20.12. Checking Queue Activity
20.13. Checking Unused Memory (sar r )
20.14. Checking CPU Utilization (sar -u)
20.15. Checking System Table Status (sar v )
20.16. Checking Swap Activity (sar w )
20.17. Checking Terminal Activity (sar -y)
22.1. Viewing System Messages
22.2. Customizing System Message Logging
22.3. Enabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
22.4. Enabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console Across System Reboots
22.5. Disabling an Auxiliary (Remote) Console
23.1. Examining Core Files With proc Tools
24.1. Modifying a Crash Dump Configuration
24.2. Examining a Crash Dump
24.3. Disabling the Saving of Crash Dumps
24.4. Enabling the Saving of Crash Dumps
25.1. What to Do if You Forgot Root Password
25.2. Performing a GRUB Based Boot When You Have Forgotten the Root Password
25.3. Booting a System When You Have Forgotten the Root Password
26.1. Diagnosing and Correcting Search Path Problems