14.7.1 .webInput()

From the method docstring:

    def webInput(self, names, namesMulti=(), default='', src='f',
        defaultInt=0, defaultFloat=0.00, badInt=0, badFloat=0.00, debug=False):

This method places the specified GET/POST fields, cookies or session variables
into a dictionary, which is both returned and put at the beginning of the
searchList.  It handles:
    * single vs multiple values
    * conversion to integer or float for specified names
    * default values/exceptions for missing or bad values
    * printing a snapshot of all values retrieved for debugging
All the 'default*' and 'bad*' arguments have "use or raise" behavior, meaning 
that if they're a subclass of Exception, they're raised.  If they're anything
else, that value is substituted for the missing/bad value.  

The simplest usage is:

    #silent $webInput(['choice'])
    $choice

    dic = self.webInput(['choice'])
    write(dic['choice'])

Both these examples retrieves the GET/POST field 'choice' and print it.  If you
leave off the "#silent", all the values would be printed too.  But a better way
to preview the values is

    #silent $webInput(['name'], $debug=1)

because this pretty-prints all the values inside HTML <PRE> tags.

Since we didn't specify any coversions, the value is a string.  It's a "single"
value because we specified it in 'names' rather than 'namesMulti'.  Single
values work like this:
    * If one value is found, take it.
    * If several values are found, choose one arbitrarily and ignore the rest.
    * If no values are found, use or raise the appropriate 'default*' value.

Multi values work like this:
    * If one value is found, put it in a list.
    * If several values are found, leave them in a list.
    * If no values are found, use the empty list ([]).  The 'default*' 
      arguments are *not* consulted in this case.

Example: assume 'days' came from a set of checkboxes or a multiple combo box
on a form, and the user chose "Monday", "Tuesday" and "Thursday".

    #silent $webInput([], ['days'])
    The days you chose are: #slurp
    #for $day in $days
    $day #slurp
    #end for

    dic = self.webInput([], ['days'])
    write("The days you chose are: ")
    for day in dic['days']:
        write(day + " ")

Both these examples print:  "The days you chose are: Monday Tuesday Thursday".

By default, missing strings are replaced by "" and missing/bad numbers by zero.
(A "bad number" means the converter raised an exception for it, usually because
of non-numeric characters in the value.)  This mimics Perl/PHP behavior, and
simplifies coding for many applications where missing/bad values *should* be
blank/zero.  In those relatively few cases where you must distinguish between
""/zero on the one hand and missing/bad on the other, change the appropriate
'default*' and 'bad*' arguments to something like: 
    * None
    * another constant value
    * $NonNumericInputError/self.NonNumericInputError
    * $ValueError/ValueError
(NonNumericInputError is defined in this class and is useful for
distinguishing between bad input vs a TypeError/ValueError
thrown for some other reason.)

Here's an example using multiple values to schedule newspaper deliveries.
'checkboxes' comes from a form with checkboxes for all the days of the week.
The days the user previously chose are preselected.  The user checks/unchecks
boxes as desired and presses Submit.  The value of 'checkboxes' is a list of
checkboxes that were checked when Submit was pressed.  Our task now is to
turn on the days the user checked, turn off the days he unchecked, and leave
on or off the days he didn't change.

    dic = self.webInput([], ['dayCheckboxes'])
    wantedDays = dic['dayCheckboxes'] # The days the user checked.
    for day, on in self.getAllValues():
        if   not on and wantedDays.has_key(day):
            self.TurnOn(day)
            # ... Set a flag or insert a database record ...
        elif on and not wantedDays.has_key(day):
            self.TurnOff(day)
            # ... Unset a flag or delete a database record ...

'source' allows you to look up the variables from a number of different
sources:
    'f'   fields (CGI GET/POST parameters)
    'c'   cookies
    's'   session variables
    'v'   "values", meaning fields or cookies

In many forms, you're dealing only with strings, which is why the
'default' argument is third and the numeric arguments are banished to
the end.  But sometimes you want automatic number conversion, so that
you can do numeric comparisons in your templates without having to
write a bunch of conversion/exception handling code.  Example:

    #silent $webInput(['name', 'height:int'])
    $name is $height cm tall.
    #if $height >= 300
    Wow, you're tall!
    #else
    Pshaw, you're short.
    #end if

    dic = self.webInput(['name', 'height:int'])
    name = dic[name]
    height = dic[height]
    write("%s is %s cm tall." % (name, height))
    if height > 300:
        write("Wow, you're tall!")
    else:
        write("Pshaw, you're short.")

To convert a value to a number, suffix ":int" or ":float" to the name.  The
method will search first for a "height:int" variable and then for a "height"
variable.  (It will be called "height" in the final dictionary.)  If a numeric
conversion fails, use or raise 'badInt' or 'badFloat'.  Missing values work
the same way as for strings, except the default is 'defaultInt' or
'defaultFloat' instead of 'default'.

If a name represents an uploaded file, the entire file will be read into 
memory.  For more sophisticated file-upload handling, leave that name out of
the list and do your own handling, or wait for Cheetah.Utils.UploadFileMixin.

This mixin class works only in a subclass that also inherits from 
Webware's Servlet or HTTPServlet.  Otherwise you'll get an AttributeError
on 'self.request'.

EXCEPTIONS: ValueError if 'source' is not one of the stated characters.
TypeError if a conversion suffix is not ":int" or ":float".