django-admin.py is Django’s command-line utility for administrative tasks. This document outlines all it can do.
In addition, manage.py is automatically created in each Django project. manage.py is a thin wrapper around django-admin.py that takes care of two things for you before delegating to django-admin.py:
The django-admin.py script should be on your system path if you installed Django via its setup.py utility. If it’s not on your path, you can find it in site-packages/django/bin within your Python installation. Consider symlinking it from some place on your path, such as /usr/local/bin.
For Windows users, who do not have symlinking functionality available, you can copy django-admin.py to a location on your existing path or edit the PATH settings (under Settings - Control Panel - System - Advanced - Environment...) to point to its installed location.
Generally, when working on a single Django project, it’s easier to use manage.py. Use django-admin.py with DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE, or the --settings command line option, if you need to switch between multiple Django settings files.
The command-line examples throughout this document use django-admin.py to be consistent, but any example can use manage.py just as well.
django-admin.py <subcommand> [options]
manage.py <subcommand> [options]
subcommand should be one of the subcommands listed in this document. options, which is optional, should be zero or more of the options available for the given subcommand.
Run django-admin.py help to display a list of all available subcommands. Run django-admin.py help <subcommand> to display a description of the given subcommand and a list of its available options.
Many subcommands take a list of "app names." An "app name" is the basename of the package containing your models. For example, if your INSTALLED_APPS contains the string 'mysite.blog', the app name is blog.
Run django-admin.py --version to display the current Django version.
Examples of output:
0.95
0.96
0.97-pre-SVN-6069
Use --verbosity to specify the amount of notification and debug information that django-admin.py should print to the console. For more details, see the documentation for the --verbosity option.
Can be run as a cronjob or directly to clean out old data from the database (only expired sessions at the moment).
Compiles .po files created with makemessages to .mo files for use with the builtin gettext support. See Internationalization and localization.
Use the --locale` option to specify the locale to process. If not provided, all locales are processed.
Example usage:
django-admin.py compilemessages --locale=br_PT
Creates a cache table named tablename for use with the database cache backend. See Django's cache framework for more information.
The --database option can be used to specify the database onto which the cachetable will be installed.
Creates a superuser account (a user who has all permissions). This is useful if you need to create an initial superuser account but did not do so during syncdb, or if you need to programmatically generate superuser accounts for your site(s).
When run interactively, this command will prompt for a password for the new superuser account. When run non-interactively, no password will be set, and the superuser account will not be able to log in until a password has been manually set for it.
The username and e-mail address for the new account can be supplied by using the --username and --email arguments on the command line. If either of those is not supplied, createsuperuser will prompt for it when running interactively.
This command is only available if Django's authentication system (django.contrib.auth) is installed.
Runs the command-line client for the database engine specified in your ENGINE setting, with the connection parameters specified in your USER, PASSWORD, etc., settings.
This command assumes the programs are on your PATH so that a simple call to the program name (psql, mysql, sqlite3) will find the program in the right place. There's no way to specify the location of the program manually.
The --database option can be used to specify the database onto which to open a shell.
Displays differences between the current settings file and Django's default settings.
Settings that don't appear in the defaults are followed by "###". For example, the default settings don't define ROOT_URLCONF, so ROOT_URLCONF is followed by "###" in the output of diffsettings.
Note that Django's default settings live in django/conf/global_settings.py, if you're ever curious to see the full list of defaults.
Outputs to standard output all data in the database associated with the named application(s).
If no application name is provided, all installed applications will be dumped.
The output of dumpdata can be used as input for loaddata.
Note that dumpdata uses the default manager on the model for selecting the records to dump. If you're using a custom manager as the default manager and it filters some of the available records, not all of the objects will be dumped.
By default, dumpdata will format its output in JSON, but you can use the --format option to specify another format. Currently supported formats are listed in Serialization formats.
By default, dumpdata will output all data on a single line. This isn't easy for humans to read, so you can use the --indent option to pretty-print the output with a number of indentation spaces.
The --exclude option may be provided to prevent specific applications from being dumped.
In addition to specifying application names, you can provide a list of individual models, in the form of appname.Model. If you specify a model name to dumpdata, the dumped output will be restricted to that model, rather than the entire application. You can also mix application names and model names.
The --database option can be used to specify the database onto which the data will be loaded.
Use natural keys to represent any foreign key and many-to-many relationship with a model that provides a natural key definition. If you are dumping contrib.auth Permission objects or contrib.contenttypes ContentType objects, you should probably be using this flag.
Returns the database to the state it was in immediately after syncdb was executed. This means that all data will be removed from the database, any post-synchronization handlers will be re-executed, and the initial_data fixture will be re-installed.
The --noinput option may be provided to suppress all user prompts.
The --database option may be used to specify the database to flush.
Introspects the database tables in the database pointed-to by the NAME setting and outputs a Django model module (a models.py file) to standard output.
Use this if you have a legacy database with which you'd like to use Django. The script will inspect the database and create a model for each table within it.
As you might expect, the created models will have an attribute for every field in the table. Note that inspectdb has a few special cases in its field-name output:
This feature is meant as a shortcut, not as definitive model generation. After you run it, you'll want to look over the generated models yourself to make customizations. In particular, you'll need to rearrange models' order, so that models that refer to other models are ordered properly.
Primary keys are automatically introspected for PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite, in which case Django puts in the primary_key=True where needed.
inspectdb works with PostgreSQL, MySQL and SQLite. Foreign-key detection only works in PostgreSQL and with certain types of MySQL tables.
The --database option may be used to specify the database to introspect.
Searches for and loads the contents of the named fixture into the database.
The --database option can be used to specify the database onto which the data will be loaded.
A fixture is a collection of files that contain the serialized contents of the database. Each fixture has a unique name, and the files that comprise the fixture can be distributed over multiple directories, in multiple applications.
Django will search in three locations for fixtures:
Django will load any and all fixtures it finds in these locations that match the provided fixture names.
If the named fixture has a file extension, only fixtures of that type will be loaded. For example:
django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json
would only load JSON fixtures called mydata. The fixture extension must correspond to the registered name of a serializer (e.g., json or xml).
If you omit the extensions, Django will search all available fixture types for a matching fixture. For example:
django-admin.py loaddata mydata
would look for any fixture of any fixture type called mydata. If a fixture directory contained mydata.json, that fixture would be loaded as a JSON fixture.
The fixtures that are named can include directory components. These directories will be included in the search path. For example:
django-admin.py loaddata foo/bar/mydata.json
would search <appname>/fixtures/foo/bar/mydata.json for each installed application, <dirname>/foo/bar/mydata.json for each directory in FIXTURE_DIRS, and the literal path foo/bar/mydata.json.
When fixture files are processed, the data is saved to the database as is. Model defined save methods and pre_save signals are not called.
Note that the order in which fixture files are processed is undefined. However, all fixture data is installed as a single transaction, so data in one fixture can reference data in another fixture. If the database backend supports row-level constraints, these constraints will be checked at the end of the transaction.
The dumpdata command can be used to generate input for loaddata.
Fixtures may be compressed in zip, gz, or bz2 format. For example:
django-admin.py loaddata mydata.json
would look for any of mydata.json, mydata.json.zip, mydata.json.gz, or mydata.json.bz2. The first file contained within a zip-compressed archive is used.
Note that if two fixtures with the same name but different fixture type are discovered (for example, if mydata.json and mydata.xml.gz were found in the same fixture directory), fixture installation will be aborted, and any data installed in the call to loaddata will be removed from the database.
MySQL and Fixtures
Unfortunately, MySQL isn't capable of completely supporting all the features of Django fixtures. If you use MyISAM tables, MySQL doesn't support transactions or constraints, so you won't get a rollback if multiple transaction files are found, or validation of fixture data. If you use InnoDB tables, you won't be able to have any forward references in your data files - MySQL doesn't provide a mechanism to defer checking of row constraints until a transaction is committed.
If you are in a multi-database setup, you may have fixture data that you want to load onto one database, but not onto another. In this situation, you can add database identifier into . If your DATABASES setting has a 'master' database defined, you can define the fixture mydata.master.json or mydata.master.json.gz. This fixture will only be loaded if you have specified that you want to load data onto the master database.
Runs over the entire source tree of the current directory and pulls out all strings marked for translation. It creates (or updates) a message file in the conf/locale (in the django tree) or locale (for project and application) directory. After making changes to the messages files you need to compile them with compilemessages for use with the builtin gettext support. See the i18n documentation for details.
Use the --all or -a option to update the message files for all available languages.
Example usage:
django-admin.py makemessages --all
Use the --extension or -e option to specify a list of file extensions to examine (default: ".html").
Example usage:
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --extension xhtml
Separate multiple extensions with commas or use -e or --extension multiple times:
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --extension=html,txt --extension xml
Use the --locale option to specify the locale to process.
Example usage:
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=br_PT
Use the --domain or -d option to change the domain of the messages files. Currently supported:
Use the --symlinks or -s option to follow symlinks to directories when looking for new translation strings.
Example usage:
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=de --symlinks
Use the --ignore or -i option to ignore files or directories matching the given glob-style pattern. Use multiple times to ignore more.
These patterns are used by default: 'CVS', '.*', '*~'
Example usage:
django-admin.py makemessages --locale=en_US --ignore=apps/* --ignore=secret/*.html
Use the --no-default-ignore option to disable the default values of --ignore.
Executes the equivalent of sqlreset for the given app name(s).
The --noinput option may be provided to suppress all user prompts.
The --database option can be used to specify the alias of the database to reset.
Starts a set of FastCGI processes suitable for use with any Web server that supports the FastCGI protocol. See the FastCGI deployment documentation for details. Requires the Python FastCGI module from flup.
Starts a lightweight development Web server on the local machine. By default, the server runs on port 8000 on the IP address 127.0.0.1. You can pass in an IP address and port number explicitly.
If you run this script as a user with normal privileges (recommended), you might not have access to start a port on a low port number. Low port numbers are reserved for the superuser (root).
DO NOT USE THIS SERVER IN A PRODUCTION SETTING. It has not gone through security audits or performance tests. (And that's how it's gonna stay. We're in the business of making Web frameworks, not Web servers, so improving this server to be able to handle a production environment is outside the scope of Django.)
The development server automatically reloads Python code for each request, as needed. You don't need to restart the server for code changes to take effect.
When you start the server, and each time you change Python code while the server is running, the server will validate all of your installed models. (See the validate command below.) If the validator finds errors, it will print them to standard output, but it won't stop the server.
You can run as many servers as you want, as long as they're on separate ports. Just execute django-admin.py runserver more than once.
Note that the default IP address, 127.0.0.1, is not accessible from other machines on your network. To make your development server viewable to other machines on the network, use its own IP address (e.g. 192.168.2.1) or 0.0.0.0.
Use the --adminmedia option to tell Django where to find the various CSS and JavaScript files for the Django admin interface. Normally, the development server serves these files out of the Django source tree magically, but you'd want to use this if you made any changes to those files for your own site.
Example usage:
django-admin.py runserver --adminmedia=/tmp/new-admin-style/
Use the --noreload option to disable the use of the auto-reloader. This means any Python code changes you make while the server is running will not take effect if the particular Python modules have already been loaded into memory.
Example usage:
django-admin.py runserver --noreload
Port 8000 on IP address 127.0.0.1:
django-admin.py runserver
Port 8000 on IP address 1.2.3.4:
django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:8000
Port 7000 on IP address 127.0.0.1:
django-admin.py runserver 7000
Port 7000 on IP address 1.2.3.4:
django-admin.py runserver 1.2.3.4:7000
By default, the development server doesn't serve any static files for your site (such as CSS files, images, things under MEDIA_URL and so forth). If you want to configure Django to serve static media, read How to serve static files.
Starts the Python interactive interpreter.
Django will use IPython, if it's installed. If you have IPython installed and want to force use of the "plain" Python interpreter, use the --plain option, like so:
django-admin.py shell --plain
Prints the CREATE TABLE SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the CREATE TABLE and initial-data SQL statements for the given app name(s).
Refer to the description of sqlcustom for an explanation of how to specify initial data.
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the DROP TABLE SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the custom SQL statements for the given app name(s).
For each model in each specified app, this command looks for the file <appname>/sql/<modelname>.sql, where <appname> is the given app name and <modelname> is the model's name in lowercase. For example, if you have an app news that includes a Story model, sqlcustom will attempt to read a file news/sql/story.sql and append it to the output of this command.
Each of the SQL files, if given, is expected to contain valid SQL. The SQL files are piped directly into the database after all of the models' table-creation statements have been executed. Use this SQL hook to make any table modifications, or insert any SQL functions into the database.
Note that the order in which the SQL files are processed is undefined.
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the SQL statements that would be executed for the flush command.
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the CREATE INDEX SQL statements for the given app name(s).
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the DROP TABLE SQL, then the CREATE TABLE SQL, for the given app name(s).
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Prints the SQL statements for resetting sequences for the given app name(s).
Sequences are indexes used by some database engines to track the next available number for automatically incremented fields.
Use this command to generate SQL which will fix cases where a sequence is out of sync with its automatically incremented field data.
The --database option can be used to specify the database for which to print the SQL.
Creates a Django app directory structure for the given app name in the current directory.
Creates a Django project directory structure for the given project name in the current directory.
This command is disabled when the --settings option to django-admin.py is used, or when the environment variable DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE has been set. To re-enable it in these situations, either omit the --settings option or unset DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE.
Creates the database tables for all apps in INSTALLED_APPS whose tables have not already been created.
Use this command when you've added new applications to your project and want to install them in the database. This includes any apps shipped with Django that might be in INSTALLED_APPS by default. When you start a new project, run this command to install the default apps.
Syncdb will not alter existing tables
syncdb will only create tables for models which have not yet been installed. It will never issue ALTER TABLE statements to match changes made to a model class after installation. Changes to model classes and database schemas often involve some form of ambiguity and, in those cases, Django would have to guess at the correct changes to make. There is a risk that critical data would be lost in the process.
If you have made changes to a model and wish to alter the database tables to match, use the sql command to display the new SQL structure and compare that to your existing table schema to work out the changes.
If you're installing the django.contrib.auth application, syncdb will give you the option of creating a superuser immediately.
syncdb will also search for and install any fixture named initial_data with an appropriate extension (e.g. json or xml). See the documentation for loaddata for details on the specification of fixture data files.
The --noinput option may be provided to suppress all user prompts.
The --database option can be used to specify the database to synchronize.
Runs tests for all installed models. See Testing Django applications for more information.
Use the --failfast option to stop running tests and report the failure immediately after a test fails.
Runs a Django development server (as in runserver) using data from the given fixture(s).
For example, this command:
django-admin.py testserver mydata.json
...would perform the following steps:
This is useful in a number of ways:
Note that this server does not automatically detect changes to your Python source code (as runserver does). It does, however, detect changes to templates.
Use --addrport to specify a different port, or IP address and port, from the default of 127.0.0.1:8000. This value follows exactly the same format and serves exactly the same function as the argument to the runserver subcommand.
Examples:
To run the test server on port 7000 with fixture1 and fixture2:
django-admin.py testserver --addrport 7000 fixture1 fixture2
django-admin.py testserver fixture1 fixture2 --addrport 7000
(The above statements are equivalent. We include both of them to demonstrate that it doesn't matter whether the options come before or after the fixture arguments.)
To run on 1.2.3.4:7000 with a test fixture:
django-admin.py testserver --addrport 1.2.3.4:7000 test
Although some subcommands may allow their own custom options, every subcommand allows for the following options:
Example usage:
django-admin.py syncdb --pythonpath='/home/djangoprojects/myproject'
Adds the given filesystem path to the Python import search path. If this isn't provided, django-admin.py will use the PYTHONPATH environment variable.
Note that this option is unnecessary in manage.py, because it takes care of setting the Python path for you.
Example usage:
django-admin.py syncdb --settings=mysite.settings
Explicitly specifies the settings module to use. The settings module should be in Python package syntax, e.g. mysite.settings. If this isn't provided, django-admin.py will use the DJANGO_SETTINGS_MODULE environment variable.
Note that this option is unnecessary in manage.py, because it uses settings.py from the current project by default.
Example usage:
django-admin.py syncdb --traceback
By default, django-admin.py will show a simple error message whenever an error occurs. If you specify --traceback, django-admin.py will output a full stack trace whenever an exception is raised.
Example usage:
django-admin.py syncdb --verbosity 2
Use --verbosity to specify the amount of notification and debug information that django-admin.py should print to the console.
The following options are not available on every commands, but they are common to a number of commands.
Used to specify the database on which a command will operate. If not specified, this option will default to an alias of default.
For example, to dump data from the database with the alias master:
django-admin.py dumpdata --database=master
Exclude a specific application from the applications whose contents is output. For example, to specifically exclude the auth application from the output of dumpdata, you would call:
django-admin.py dumpdata --exclude=auth
If you want to exclude multiple applications, use multiple --exclude directives:
django-admin.py dumpdata --exclude=auth --exclude=contenttypes
Use the --locale or -l option to specify the locale to process. If not provided all locales are processed.
Use the --noinput option to suppress all user prompting, such as "Are you sure?" confirmation messages. This is useful if django-admin.py is being executed as an unattended, automated script.
The django-admin.py / manage.py commands will use pretty color-coded output if your terminal supports ANSI-colored output. It won't use the color codes if you're piping the command's output to another program.
The colors used for syntax highlighting can be customized. Django ships with three color palettes:
You select a palette by setting a DJANGO_COLORS environment variable to specify the palette you want to use. For example, to specify the light palette under a Unix or OS/X BASH shell, you would run the following at a command prompt:
export DJANGO_COLORS="light"
You can also customize the colors that are used. Django specifies a number of roles in which color is used:
Each of these roles can be assigned a specific foreground and background color, from the following list:
Each of these colors can then be modified by using the following display options:
A color specification follows one of the the following patterns:
where role is the name of a valid color role, fg is the foreground color, bg is the background color and each option is one of the color modifying options. Multiple color specifications are then separated by semicolon. For example:
export DJANGO_COLORS="error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
would specify that errors be displayed using blinking yellow on blue, and notices displayed using magenta. All other color roles would be left uncolored.
Colors can also be specified by extending a base palette. If you put a palette name in a color specification, all the colors implied by that palette will be loaded. So:
export DJANGO_COLORS="light;error=yellow/blue,blink;notice=magenta"
would specify the use of all the colors in the light color palette, except for the colors for errors and notices which would be overridden as specified.
If you use the Bash shell, consider installing the Django bash completion script, which lives in extras/django_bash_completion in the Django distribution. It enables tab-completion of django-admin.py and manage.py commands, so you can, for instance...
See Writing custom django-admin commands for how to add customized actions.
Jun 03, 2010