When "Apply Filter and View Data" is selected from the main menu, or the "Sort/Filter" toolbar button is pressed in the data viewer, this dialogue appears. It allows changing the sort order of the data, and applying a filter to narrow the displayed data.
You can select one or more columns and the sort direction which should be used to retrieve the data from the database.
You can enter an arbitrary WHERE clause, to restrict the result set which is retrieved from the database. You can click "Validate" to have EDB-Studio tested whether the WHERE clause is valid.