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IMS Question and Test Interoperability XML BindingVersion 2.0 Final Specification |
Copyright © 2005 IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
The IMS Logo is a registered trademark of IMS/GLC.
Document Name: IMS Question and Test Interoperability XML Binding
Revision: 24 January 2005
| Date Issued: |
24 January 2005 |
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Copyright © 2005 IMS Global Learning Consortium. All Rights Reserved.
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THIS SPECIFICATION IS BEING OFFERED WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY WHATSOEVER, AND IN PARTICULAR, ANY WARRANTY OF NONINFRINGEMENT IS EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMED. ANY USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION SHALL BE MADE ENTIRELY AT THE IMPLEMENTER'S OWN RISK, AND NEITHER THE CONSORTIUM, NOR ANY OF ITS MEMBERS OR SUBMITTERS, SHALL HAVE ANY LIABILITY WHATSOEVER TO ANY IMPLEMENTER OR THIRD PARTY FOR ANY DAMAGES OF ANY NATURE WHATSOEVER, DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY, ARISING FROM THE USE OF THIS SPECIFICATION.
The information model defines a set of classes and data types in an abstract way. When faced with the real task of communicating data between systems these abstract concepts need to be bound to some physical representation, such as a stream of bytes in a computer file.
The document describes the required method of binding the information model when the
physical representation is an XML Document. The binding rules are given
primarily in the form of an XML Schema with the following target namespace:
http://www.imsglobal.org/xsd/imsqti_v2p0. To assist developers who wish
to check the validity of QTI XML documents using tools that support document type
definitions (DTDs) the binding rules are also represented as a DTD, however, the DTD
is not able to express all the constraints contained in the schema and document
instances should validate against the schema. QTI document instances must
validate against one of the schema or DTD.
Complex types, those that contain other objects through composition and/or have attributes, are represented in the schema as elements with complex content in a straightforward way. Classes that are used as base classes (typically labeled abstract in the model) are used to define an element group consisting of a single choice listing all the non-abstract classes derived from them. Classes with attributes are used to define attribute groups and those that contain other objects (including through inheritance) are used to define element groups describing them.
Elements defined by [XHTML] are not imported directly from an external schema but are instead re-declared as part of the QTI schema. At the time of writing the use of schema for XHTML is at an experimental stage. However, the math element defined by [MathML] is imported from the MathML schema. Note that the use of the MathML schema excludes the use of the entity declarations for mathematical symbols defined in the original MathML DTD and therefore these should not be used for referring to characters within QTI document instances.
Simple datatypes are bound directly to the closest equivalent type in XML Schema, for
example, boolean is bound directly to
xsd:boolean. Enumerations are bound as enumerated restrictions of xsd:NMTOKEN.
The information model says nothing about how simple types are to be represented in
text. For example, the boolean type is an abstract boolean
which can be either logically true or logically false. By binding these simple types
using XML Schema they automatically inherit the lexical bindings described there. A
lexical binding is just a set of rules for representing the abstract type as a run
of text characters. For example, XML Schema allows the following strings to
represent the values of xsd:boolean: "true", "false", "1" and "0".
XML DTDs have a smaller vocabulary for defining simple types and is therefore not
able to impose the same lexical constraints as the schema. Applications that
generate QTI document instances that validate against the DTD must still use the
same lexical bindings defined by schema even though these will not be checked
automatically by the XML parser. For example, in the DTD the boolean type is bound only to NMTOKEN and therefore the XML parser will
permit many more strings than the four listed above. However, strings such as
"yes" and "no" are still forbidden.
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the adaptive items feature.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that performs a boolean and.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing groups of boolean sub-expressions.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defines an area for mapping a set of points onto a single real number.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Defines a mapping from the set of points to real numbers using areas.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The root element for QTI items
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The group of elements that are used in association-type interactions.
Group members: <associableHotspot>, <gap>, <gapImg>, <gapText>, <simpleAssociableChoice>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: An element that defines a hot area of a graphic for association tasks.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate must identify pairs of choices from a single set.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that provide structure but that can only contain elements behaving like spans of text.
Group members: <address>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <p>, <pre>
Context:
See:
Description: A group of empty elements that behave like spans of text
Context:
See:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An element for describing the capabilities or requirements of an item-bank system.
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Elements:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: A simple expression returning a constant value of the given base-type.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that provide structure to the item body.
Group members: <address>, <associateInteraction>, <blockquote>, <choiceInteraction>, <customInteraction>, <div>, <dl>, <drawingInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <feedbackBlock>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottextInteraction>, <hr>, <m:math>, <matchInteraction>, <ol>, <orderInteraction>, <p>, <positionObjectStage>, <pre>, <rubricBlock>, <selectPointInteraction>, <sliderInteraction>, <table>, <templateBlock>, <ul>, <uploadInteraction>
Context:
Description: The group of interactions which have inherent structure of their own.
Group members: <associateInteraction>, <choiceInteraction>, <drawingInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottextInteraction>, <matchInteraction>, <orderInteraction>, <selectPointInteraction>, <sliderInteraction>, <uploadInteraction>
Context:
See:
Description: A group of elements that provide structure excluding interactions.
Group members: <address>, <blockquote>, <div>, <dl>, <feedbackBlock>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hr>, <m:math>, <ol>, <p>, <pre>, <rubricBlock>, <table>, <templateBlock>, <ul>
Context:
See:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The group of elements used to describe the structure, material and interactions within the item body.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <address>, <associableHotspot>, <associateInteraction>, <b>, <big>, <blockquote>, <br>, <caption>, <choiceInteraction>, <cite>, <code>, <col>, <colgroup>, <customInteraction>, <dd>, <dfn>, <div>, <dl>, <drawingInteraction>, <dt>, <em>, <endAttemptInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <feedbackBlock>, <feedbackInline>, <gap>, <gapImg>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <gapText>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hotspotChoice>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottext>, <hottextInteraction>, <hr>, <i>, <img>, <inlineChoice>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <itemBody>, <kbd>, <li>, <matchInteraction>, <object>, <ol>, <orderInteraction>, <p>, <positionObjectInteraction>, <pre>, <printedVariable>, <prompt>, <q>, <rubricBlock>, <samp>, <selectPointInteraction>, <simpleAssociableChoice>, <simpleChoice>, <sliderInteraction>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <table>, <tbody>, <td>, <templateBlock>, <templateInline>, <textEntryInteraction>, <tfoot>, <th>, <thead>, <tr>, <tt>, <ul>, <uploadInteraction>, <var>
Context:
Not applicable.
A trivial restriction of xsd:boolean.
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: A categorized statistic, such as a score-conversion table, expressed as a mapping.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The group of elements that provide choices from which the candidate may select a response.
Group members: <associableHotspot>, <gap>, <gapImg>, <gapText>, <hotspotChoice>, <hottext>, <inlineChoice>, <simpleAssociableChoice>, <simpleChoice>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: The element that represents simple multiple choice and multiple-response interactions.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the composite items feature.
Context:
Description: An expression that tests a container to determine if it contains another.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An element for describing the capabilities or requirements of a system that handles QTI content.
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: A simple expression returning the correct value associated with a response variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Declares the (or a) correct response for a response variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An element that allows extensions to QTI to be developed for interaction types not covered by the information model.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An element allowing externally defined expressions to be used.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:date.
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A simple expression returning the default value of an item variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Defines the default value for an item variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that derives a new container by removing a given value from an existing one.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for dividing one number by another.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Elements that can appear within <dl>.
Context:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate draws freely on a given backdrop image.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing the greater-than-or-equal relation between two durations.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing the less-than relation between two durations.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A special interaction for providing alternative ways to end an attempt.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: An expression for testing two numeric values for equality.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing two numeric values for equality after rounding.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A response rule that terminates response processing immediately.
Context:
See:
Description: A template rule that terminates template processing immediately.
Context:
See:
Description: The group of elements that are used to create expressions for setting variable values and controlling conditional groups of rules.
Group members: <and>, <anyN>, <baseValue>, <contains>, <correct>, <customOperator>, <default>, <delete>, <divide>, <durationGTE>, <durationLT>, <equal>, <equalRounded>, <fieldValue>, <gt>, <gte>, <index>, <inside>, <integerDivide>, <integerModulus>, <integerToFloat>, <isNull>, <lt>, <lte>, <mapResponse>, <mapResponsePoint>, <match>, <member>, <multiple>, <not>, <null>, <or>, <ordered>, <patternMatch>, <power>, <product>, <random>, <randomFloat>, <randomInteger>, <round>, <stringMatch>, <substring>, <subtract>, <sum>, <truncate>, <variable>
Context:
Description: Interaction that allows the candidate to supply an extended free-text response.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A structural part of the item body whose visibility can be conditionally controlled by the current outcomes.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Elements whose visibility can be conditionally controlled depending on the current outcomes.
Group members: <feedbackBlock>, <feedbackInline>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: A span of text (or equivalent) whose visibility can be conditionally controlled by the current outcomes.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the integrated feedback feature.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the modal feedback feature.
Context:
Context:
Content: a value of type feedbackType.Type.
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: An expression that extracts a single field value from a record container.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:float.
Description: A group of elements that can appear in contexts where either further structure or spans of text are allowed.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <address>, <associateInteraction>, <b>, <big>, <blockquote>, <br>, <choiceInteraction>, <cite>, <code>, <customInteraction>, <dfn>, <div>, <dl>, <drawingInteraction>, <em>, <endAttemptInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <feedbackBlock>, <feedbackInline>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottext>, <hottextInteraction>, <hr>, <i>, <img>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <kbd>, <m:math>, <matchInteraction>, <object>, <ol>, <orderInteraction>, <p>, <pre>, <printedVariable>, <q>, <rubricBlock>, <samp>, <selectPointInteraction>, <sliderInteraction>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <table>, <templateBlock>, <templateInline>, <textEntryInteraction>, <tt>, <ul>, <uploadInteraction>, <var>
Context:
See:
Description: A group of elements that can appear in contexts where either further structure or spans of text are allowed excluding interactions.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <address>, <b>, <big>, <blockquote>, <br>, <cite>, <code>, <dfn>, <div>, <dl>, <em>, <feedbackBlock>, <feedbackInline>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hottext>, <hr>, <i>, <img>, <kbd>, <m:math>, <object>, <ol>, <p>, <pre>, <printedVariable>, <q>, <rubricBlock>, <samp>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <table>, <templateBlock>, <templateInline>, <tt>, <ul>, <var>
Context:
See:
Description: Defines the position of a gap in the text for gap-filling tasks.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: A group of elements that can be used to define choices for gap-filling tasks.
Group members: <gapImg>, <gapText>
Context:
Description: An image that can be used to fill a gap.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An interaction in which the candidate fills gaps in a passage of text from a set of predefined choices.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A simple run of text that can be used to fill a gap.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate associates pairs of pre-defined hotspots on an image.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate fills gaps within a given image, e.g., through drag-and-drop.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements for describing image-based tasks.
Group members: <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <hotspotInteraction>, <selectPointInteraction>
Context:
See:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate orders a set of predefined hotspots on an image.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing the greater-than relation between two numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing the greater-than-or-equal relation between two numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that define hot areas of a graphic.
Group members: <associableHotspot>, <hotspotChoice>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: An element that defines a hot area of a graphic for simple area selection tasks.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate selects pre-defined hotspots on an image.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defines an area of hottext for hottext selection tasks.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate selects pre-defined hot areas within the text.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML hypertext element.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:NMTOKEN.
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML image element.
Context:
Description: Profile element for identifying a specific image mime-type.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Profile flag for IMS meta-data.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for IMS QTI meta-data.
Context:
Description: An expression that extracts a single value from an ordered container.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The group of elements that behave like spans of text.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <b>, <big>, <br>, <cite>, <code>, <dfn>, <em>, <endAttemptInteraction>, <feedbackInline>, <gap>, <hottext>, <i>, <img>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <kbd>, <m:math>, <object>, <printedVariable>, <q>, <samp>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <templateInline>, <textEntryInteraction>, <tt>, <var>
Context:
Description: A string of text that can be used to fill a gap.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: An interaction that allows a single gap in the text to be filled from a set of predefined strings.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The group of interactions that behave like spans of text.
Group members: <endAttemptInteraction>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <textEntryInteraction>
Context:
See:
Description: A group of elements that behave like spans of text excluding interactions.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <b>, <big>, <br>, <cite>, <code>, <dfn>, <em>, <feedbackInline>, <gap>, <hottext>, <i>, <img>, <kbd>, <m:math>, <object>, <printedVariable>, <q>, <samp>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <templateInline>, <tt>, <var>
Context:
See:
Description: An expression for testing if a point is inside a given area.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:integer.
Description: An expression for performing integer-division.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for calculating the remainder following integer-division.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for converting an integer to the corresponding value of float base-type.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: The group of elements that allow the candidate to interact with the item, setting or updating the values of the response variables.
Group members: <associateInteraction>, <choiceInteraction>, <customInteraction>, <drawingInteraction>, <endAttemptInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottextInteraction>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <matchInteraction>, <orderInteraction>, <positionObjectInteraction>, <selectPointInteraction>, <sliderInteraction>, <textEntryInteraction>, <uploadInteraction>
Context:
Not applicable.
Context:
Content: a value of type interactionType.Type.
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: An expression that tests for the NULL value.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Describes the body of an item, the text, graphics and interactions that are presented to the candidate.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements used to define item statistics.
Group members: <categorizedStatistic>, <ordinaryStatistic>
Context:
Description: A meta-data flag indicating that the item is a template.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML list elements.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for LOM meta-data.
Context:
Description: An expression for testing the less-than relation between two numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing the less-than-or-equal relation between two numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defines a mapping from a single value, the key, onto a real number.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: An expression for mapping the value(s) of a response variable onto a real number using the declared mapping.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: An expression for mapping the value(s) of a point-type response variable onto a real number using the declared area-mapping.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Defines a mapping from a source set of values onto real numbers.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for testing if two values are identical.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate must identify pairs of choices between two distinct sets.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Externally defined.
Description: Profile flag for the MathML math element.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the mathVariable feature.
Context:
Description: An expression that tests a container to determine if it contains a given value.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An element for describing the capabilities or requirements of a system with respect to meta-data.
Context:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: Feedback conditionally shown to the candidate directly following response processing depending on the value of the given outcome variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that aggregates sub-expressions into a single unordered container.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression that performs boolean negation.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: A simple expression that returns the NULL value.
Context:
See:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML object element.
Context:
Description: The group of elements that can appear within <object>.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <address>, <associateInteraction>, <b>, <big>, <blockquote>, <br>, <choiceInteraction>, <cite>, <code>, <customInteraction>, <dfn>, <div>, <dl>, <drawingInteraction>, <em>, <endAttemptInteraction>, <extendedTextInteraction>, <feedbackBlock>, <feedbackInline>, <gapMatchInteraction>, <graphicAssociateInteraction>, <graphicGapMatchInteraction>, <graphicOrderInteraction>, <h1>, <h2>, <h3>, <h4>, <h5>, <h6>, <hotspotInteraction>, <hottext>, <hottextInteraction>, <hr>, <i>, <img>, <inlineChoiceInteraction>, <kbd>, <m:math>, <matchInteraction>, <object>, <ol>, <orderInteraction>, <p>, <param>, <pre>, <printedVariable>, <q>, <rubricBlock>, <samp>, <selectPointInteraction>, <sliderInteraction>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <table>, <templateBlock>, <templateInline>, <textEntryInteraction>, <tt>, <ul>, <uploadInteraction>, <var>
Context:
Description: Profile element for identifying a specific object mime-type.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that performs a boolean or.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which candidates must (re-)order a set of choices
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that aggregates sub-expressions into a single ordered container.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An ordinary single-valued item statistic.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: Declares an outcome variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: An expression for testing two string values using regular expressions.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate must position objects over an existing image.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defines the background image to be used for positioning object tasks.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for raising one number to the power of another.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML presentation elements.
Context:
Description: An element used to insert the value of an item variable into the item body.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Profile flag for the printedVariable feature.
Context:
Description: An expression for calculating the product of a group of numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An optional prompt for an interaction.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: The root element for QTI-specific meta-data. Typically used within a manifest file in an IMS content package.
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Elements:
Description: An expression that extracts a random value from a container.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression that returns a random float from the specified range.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: An expression that returns a random integer from the specified range.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Description: Profile flag for the regular-expression feature.
Context:
Description: A response rule that contains groups of sub-rules which are followed conditionally based on the value of one or more expressions.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Declares a response variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A final group of rules to be followed unconditionally if all previous groups have been skipped for the containing response condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: A conditional group of rules to be considered if all previous groups have been skipped for the containing response condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: The first part of a response condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: Defines the rules used to process the candidate's responses.
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that define rules to be followed during response processing.
Group members: <exitResponse>, <responseCondition>, <setOutcomeValue>
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the general response processing feature.
Context:
Description: An expression for rounding a real number to an integer.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Context:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: Profile element for identifying a specific response processing template.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the rubric feature.
Context:
Description: A structural part of the item body whose visibility depends on the role of the person viewing the item, typically containing instructions to a specific actor.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate selects one or more points on an image.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A template rule that sets the correct value of a response variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A template rule that sets the default value of an item variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A response rule that sets the value of an outcome variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A template rule that sets the value of a template variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
One of the following symbolic values:
One of the following symbolic values:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: The element used to describe the choices in simple association or matching tasks.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that provide simple aggregating structure to the item body.
Group members: <blockquote>, <feedbackBlock>, <rubricBlock>
Context:
See:
Description: The element used to describe the choices in simple selection or ordering tasks.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that both behave as and contain things that behave like spans of text.
Group members: <a>, <abbr>, <acronym>, <b>, <big>, <cite>, <code>, <dfn>, <em>, <feedbackInline>, <i>, <kbd>, <q>, <samp>, <small>, <span>, <strong>, <sub>, <sup>, <tt>, <var>
Context:
See:
Description: Describes a set of choices for use in a matching task.
Context:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate uses a slider to enter a constrained numeric response.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A meta-data flag indicating that the item contains a solution.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: A group of interactions that allow text-based responses to be entered by the user.
Group members: <extendedTextInteraction>, <textEntryInteraction>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: An expression for testing two string values.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:string.
Description: Associates a stylesheet with an item.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression that tests a string to determine if it contains another.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for subtracting one number from another.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: An expression for calculating the sum of a group of numbers.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Elements that can appear within a row of a table.
Context:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML table element.
Context:
Description: A reference to the object, such as an assessment item, or a sub-part of the object, to which an item statistic relates.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A structural part of the item body whose visibility is conditionally controlled by a template variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A template rule that contains groups of sub-rules which are followed conditionally based on the value of one or more expressions.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Declares a template variable.
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Elements whose visibility is conditionally controlled by a template variable.
Group members: <templateBlock>, <templateInline>
Context:
Not applicable.
Description: A final group of rules to be followed unconditionally if all previous groups have been skipped for the containing template condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: A conditional group of rules to be considered if all previous groups have been skipped for the containing template condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: The first part of a template condition.
Context:
Elements:
Description: A span of text (or equivalent) whose visibility is conditionally controlled by a template variable.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defines the rules used for calculating the values of the template variables.
Context:
Elements:
Description: A group of elements that define rules to be followed during template processing.
Group members: <exitTemplate>, <setCorrectResponse>, <setDefaultValue>, <setTemplateValue>, <templateCondition>
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the item template feature.
Context:
Description: Profile flag for the XHTML text elements.
Context:
Description: Interaction that allows the candidate to supply a span of text to fill a gap.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for the time-dependence feature.
Context:
One of the following symbolic values:
Description: A meta-data element containing the name of the tool used to create the object.
Context:
Description: A meta-data element containing the name of the company that produced the tool used to create the object.
Context:
Description: A meta-data element containing the version of the tool used to create the object.
Context:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: An expression for truncating a real number to an integer.
Context:
See:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Interaction in which the candidate uploads a file representing their response.
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
A trivial restriction of xsd:anyURI.
Description: The root element of a usage data XML document instance. Usage data are also referred to as item statistics.
Context:
Can be the root element of an XML document.
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: Profile flag for usage-data files.
Context:
Description: A single data value from one of the base-types.
Context:
Attributes:
Description: Defined by XHTML
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Elements:
Description: A simple expression returning the value of an item variable
Context:
See:
Attributes:
Group members: <outcomeDeclaration>, <responseDeclaration>, <templateDeclaration>
Context:
Not applicable.
One of the following symbolic values:
| Title |
IMS Question and Test Interoperability XML Binding |
| Editor |
Steve Lay (University of Cambridge) |
| Version |
2.0 |
| Version Date |
24 January 2005 |
| Status |
Final Specification |
| Summary |
This document describes the QTI XML Binding specification. |
| Revision Information |
24 January 2005 |
| Purpose |
This document has been approved by the IMS Technical Board and is made available for adoption. |
| Document Location |
http://www.imsglobal.org/question/qti_v2p0/imsqti_bindv2p0.html |
| To register any comments or questions about this specification please visit:
http://www.imsglobal.org/developers/ims/imsforum/categories.cfm?catid=23 |
The following individuals contributed to the development of this document:
| Name | Organization | Name | Organization |
|---|---|---|---|
| Niall Barr |
CETIS |
Joshua Marks |
McGraw-Hill |
| Sam Easterby-Smith |
Canvas Learning |
David Poor |
McGraw-Hill |
| Jeanne Ferrante |
ETS |
Greg Quirus |
ETS |
| Pierre Gorissen |
SURF |
Niall Sclater |
CETIS |
| Regina Hoag |
ETS |
Colin Smythe |
IMS |
| Christian Kaefer |
McGraw-Hill |
GT Springer |
Texas Instruments |
| John Kleeman |
Question Mark |
Colin Tattersall |
OUNL |
| Steve Lay |
UCLES |
Rowin Young |
CETIS |
| Jez Lord |
Canvas Learning |
| Version No. | Release Date | Comments |
|---|---|---|
| Base Document 2.0 |
09 March 2004 |
The first version of the QTI Item v2.0 specification. |
| Public Draft 2.0 |
07 June 2004 |
The Public Draft version 2.0 of the QTI Item Specification. |
| Final 2.0 |
24 January 2005 |
The Final version 2.0 of the QTI specification. |
IMS Global Learning Consortium, Inc. ("IMS/GLC") is publishing the information contained in this IMS Question and Test Interoperability XML Binding ("Specification") for purposes of scientific, experimental, and scholarly collaboration only.
IMS/GLC makes no warranty or representation regarding the accuracy or completeness of the Specification.
This material is provided on an "As Is" and "As Available" basis.
The Specification is at all times subject to change and revision without notice.
It is your sole responsibility to evaluate the usefulness, accuracy, and completeness of the Specification as it relates to you.
IMS/GLC would appreciate receiving your comments and suggestions.
Please contact IMS/GLC through our website at http://www.imsglobal.org
Please refer to Document Name: IMS Question and Test Interoperability XML Binding Revision: 24 January 2005