od(1) — Linux manual pages

Linux manual pages	Section 1

Name

od — dump files in octal and other formats

Synopsis

od [OPTION...] [FILE...]

od [−abcdfilosx...] [FILE] [[+]OFFSET[.][b]]

od −−traditional [OPTION...] [FILE] [ [+]OFFSET[.][b] [+][LABEL][.][b] ]

DESCRIPTION

Write an unambiguous representation, octal bytes by default, of FILE to standard output. With more than one FILE argument, concatenate them in the listed order to form the input. With no FILE, or when FILE is −, read standard input.

All arguments to long options are mandatory for short options.

−A, −−address−radix=RADIX: decide how file offsets are printed
−j, −−skip−bytes=BYTES: skip BYTES input bytes first
−N, −−read−bytes=BYTES: limit dump to BYTES input bytes
−S, −−strings[=BYTES]: output strings of at least BYTES graphic chars
−t, −−format=TYPE: select output format or formats
−v, −−output−duplicates: do not use * to mark line suppression
−w, −−width[=BYTES]: output BYTES bytes per output line
−−traditional: accept arguments in traditional form
−−help: display this help and exit
−−version: output version information and exit

Traditional format specifications may be intermixed; they accumulate:

−a: same as −t a, select named characters, ignoring high−order bit
−b: same as −t o1, select octal bytes
−c: same as −t c, select ASCII characters or backslash escapes
−d: same as −t u2, select unsigned decimal 2−byte units
−f: same as −t fF, select floats
−i: same as −t dI, select decimal ints
−l: same as −t dL, select decimal longs
−o: same as −t o2, select octal 2−byte units
−s: same as −t d2, select decimal 2−byte units
−x: same as −t x2, select hexadecimal 2−byte units

If first and second call formats both apply, the second format is assumed if the last operand begins with + or (if there are 2 operands) a digit. An OFFSET operand means −j OFFSET. LABEL is the pseudo−address at first byte printed, incremented when dump is progressing. For OFFSET and LABEL, a 0x or 0X prefix indicates hexadecimal; suffixes may be . for octal and b for multiply by 512.

TYPE is made up of one or more of these specifications:

a: named character, ignoring high−order bit
c: ASCII character or backslash escape
d[SIZE]: signed decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
f[SIZE]: floating point, SIZE bytes per integer
o[SIZE]: octal, SIZE bytes per integer
u[SIZE]: unsigned decimal, SIZE bytes per integer
x[SIZE]: hexadecimal, SIZE bytes per integer

SIZE is a number. For TYPE in doux, SIZE may also be C for sizeof(char), S for sizeof(short), I for sizeof(int) or L for sizeof(long). If TYPE is f, SIZE may also be F for sizeof(float), D for sizeof(double) or L for sizeof(long double).

RADIX is d for decimal, o for octal, x for hexadecimal or n for none. BYTES is hexadecimal with 0x or 0X prefix, and may have a multiplier suffix: b 512, kB 1000, K 1024, MB 1000*1000, M 1024*1024, GB 1000*1000*1000, G 1024*1024*1024, and so on for T, P, E, Z, Y. Adding a z suffix to any type displays printable characters at the end of each output line. −−string without a number implies 3. −−width without a number implies 32. By default, od uses −A o −t d2 −w16.

AUTHOR

Written by Jim Meyering.

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