slapo−pcache — proxy cache overlay to slapd
ETCDIR/slapd.conf
The pcache
overlay to slapd(8) allows caching of
LDAP search requests (queries) in a local database. For an
incoming query, the proxy cache determines its corresponding
template. If the
template was specified as cacheable using the pcacheTemplate directive and
the request is contained in a cached request, it is answered
from the proxy cache. Otherwise, the search is performed as
usual and cacheable search results are saved in the cache for
use in future queries.
A template is defined by a filter string and an index
identifying a set of attributes. The template string for a query can be
obtained by removing assertion values from the RFC 4515
representation of its search filter. A query belongs to a
template if its template string and set of projected
attributes correspond to a cacheable template. Examples of
template strings are (mail=), (|(sn=)(cn=)), (&(sn=)(givenName=)).
The config directives that are specific to the pcache overlay can be
prefixed by pcache−, to avoid
conflicts with directives specific to the underlying database
or to other stacked overlays. This may be particularly useful
for those directives that refer to the backend used for local
storage. The following cache specific directives can be used
to configure the proxy cache:
This directive adds the proxy cache overlay to the
current backend. The proxy cache overlay may be used
with any backend but is intended for use with the
ldap, meta, and sql backends.
The directive enables proxy caching in the current
backend and sets general cache parameters. A
<database> backend will be used internally to
maintain the cached entries. The chosen database will
need to be configured as well, as shown below. Cache
replacement is invoked when the cache size grows to
<max_entries> entries and continues till the
cache size drops below this size. <numattrsets>
should be equal to the number of following pcacheAttrset
directives. Queries are cached only if they correspond
to a cacheable template (specified by the pcacheTemplate
directive) and the number of entries returned is less
than <entry_limit>. Consistency check is
performed every <cc_period> duration (specified
in secs). In each cycle queries with expired "time to
live(TTL)" are removed. A
sample cache configuration is:
pcache bdb 10000 1 50 100
Used to associate a set of attributes
<attrs..> with an <index>. Each attribute
set is associated with an integer from 0 to
<numattrsets>−1. These indices are used by
the pcacheTemplate
directive to define cacheable templates. A set of
attributes cannot be empty. A set of attributes can
contain the special attributes "*" (all user
attributes), "+" (all operational attributes) or both;
in the latter case, any other attribute is redundant
and should be avoided for clarity. A set of attributes
can contain "1.1" as the only attribute; in this case,
only the presence of the entries is cached.
Specify the maximum number of queries to cache. The default is 10000.
Check whether the results of a query being cached can actually be returned from the cache by the proxy DSA. When enabled, the entries being returned while caching the results of a query are checked to ensure consistency with the schema known to the proxy DSA. In case of failure, the query is not cached. By default, the check is off.
Set the cache to offline mode. While offline, the consistency checker will be stopped and no expirations will occur. This allows the cache contents to be used indefinitely while the proxy is cut off from network access to the remote DSA. The default is FALSE, i.e. consistency checks and expirations will be performed.
Specify whether the cached queries should be saved across restarts of the caching proxy, to provide hot startup of the cache. Only non-expired queries are reloaded. The default is FALSE.
CAVEAT: of course, the
configuration of the proxy cache must not change across
restarts; the pcache overlay does not perform any
consistency checks in this sense. In detail, this
option should be disabled unless the existing
pcacheAttrset
and pcacheTemplate
directives are not changed neither in order nor in
contents. If new sets and templates are added, or if
other details of the pcache overlay configuration
changed, this feature should not be affected.
Specifies a cacheable template and "time to live" <ttl> of queries belonging to the template. An optional <negttl> can be used to specify that negative results (i.e., queries that returned zero entries) should also be cached for the specified amount of time. Negative results are not cached by default (<negttl> set to 0). An optional <limitttl> can be used to specify that results hitting a sizelimit should also be cached for the specified amount of time. Results hitting a sizelimit are not cached by default (<limitttl> set to 0). An optional <ttr> "time to refresh" can be used to specify that cached entries should be automatically refreshed after a certain time. Entries will only be refreshed while they have not expired, so the <ttl> should be larger than the <ttr> for this option to be useful. Entries are not refreshed by default (<ttr> set to 0).
Specifies a template for caching Simple Bind
credentials based on an already defined pcacheTemplate. The
<filter_template> is similar to a
<template_string> except that it may have some
values present. Its purpose is to allow the overlay to
generate filters similar to what other applications do
when they do a Search immediately before a Bind. E.g.,
if a client like nss_ldap is configured to search for a
user with the filter
"(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid=<username>))"
then the corresponding template
"(&(objectClass=posixAccount)(uid=))" should be
used here. When converted to a regular template e.g.
"(&(objectClass=)(uid=))" this template and the
<attrset_index> must match an already defined
pcacheTemplate clause.
The "time to refresh" <ttr> determines the time
interval after which the cached credentials may be
refreshed. The first Bind request that occurs after
that time will trigger the refresh attempt. Refreshes
are not performed when the overlay is Offline. There is
no "time to live" parameter for the Bind credentials;
the credentials will expire according to the pcacheTemplate ttl. The
<scope> and <base> should match the search
scope and base used by the authentication clients. The
cached credentials are not stored in cleartext, they
are hashed using the default password hash. By default
Bind caching is not enabled.
Specifies whether the response callback should be
placed at the tail (the default) or
at the head
(actually, wherever the stacking sequence would make it
appear) of the callback list. This affects how the
overlay interacts with other overlays, since the
proxycache overlay should be executed as early as
possible (and thus configured as late as possible), to
get a chance to return the cached results; however, if
executed early at response, it would cache entries that
may be later "massaged" by other databases and thus
returned after massaging the
first time, and before massaging when
cached.
all values must be positive;
<entry_limit>
must be less than or equal to <max_entries>;
<numattrsets>
attribute sets SHOULD be defined by using the directive
pcacheAttrset;
all attribute sets SHOULD be referenced by (at
least) one pcacheTemplate
directive;
The following adds a template with filter string
(&(sn=)(givenName=))
and attributes mail, postaladdress, telephonenumber and
a TTL of 1 hour.
pcacheAttrset 0 mail postaladdress telephonenumber pcacheTemplate (&(sn=)(givenName=)) 0 3600
Directives for configuring the underlying database must also be given, as shown here:
directory /var/tmp/cache cachesize 100
Any valid directives for the chosen database type may be
used. Indexing should be used as appropriate for the queries
being handled. In addition, an equality index on the
pcacheQueryid
attribute should be configured, to assist in the removal of
expired query data.
The configuration keywords have been renamed and the older form is deprecated. These older keywords are still recognized but may disappear in future releases.
proxycacheuse pcache
proxyattrsetuse pcacheAttrset
proxycachequeriesuse pcacheMaxQueries
proxycheckcacheabilityuse pcacheValidate
proxysavequeriesuse pcachePersist
proxytemplateuse pcacheTemplate
use pcachePosition
Caching data is prone to inconsistencies because updates
on the remote server will not be reflected in the response of
the cache at least (and at most) for the duration of the
pcacheTemplate
TTL. These inconsistencies can
be minimized by careful use of the TTR.
The remote server should expose the objectClass attribute because
the underlying database that actually caches the entries may
need it for optimal local processing of the queries.
The proxy server should contain all the schema information required for caching. Significantly, it needs the schema of attributes used in the query templates. If the objectClass attribute is used in a query template, it needs the definition of the objectClasses of the entries it is supposed to cache. It is the responsibility of the proxy administrator to keep the proxy schema lined up with that of the proxied server.
Another potential (and subtle) inconsistency may occur
when data is retrieved with different identities and specific
per-identity access control is enforced by the remote server.
If data was retrieved with an identity that collected only
partial results because of access rules enforcement on the
remote server, other users with different access privileges
on the remote server will get different results from the
remote server and from the cache. If those users have higher
access privileges on the remote server, they will get from
the cache only a subset of the results they would get
directly from the remote server; but if they have lower
access privileges, they will get from the cache a superset of
the results they would get directly from the remote server.
Either occurrence may or may not be acceptable, based on the
security policy of the cache and of the remote server. It is
important to note that in this case the proxy is violating
the security of the remote server by disclosing to an
identity data that was collected by another identity. For
this reason, it is suggested that, when using back-ldap, proxy caching be
used in conjunction with the identity assertion feature of
slapd-ldap(5) (see the
idassert−bind
and the idassert−authz
statements), so that remote server interrogation occurs with
a vanilla identity that has some relatively high search and read access privileges, and
the "real" access control is delegated to the proxy's ACLs.
Beware that since only the cached fraction of the real datum
is available to the cache, it may not be possible to enforce
the same access rules that are defined on the remote server.
When security is a concern, cached proxy access must be
carefully tailored.