ddp — Linux AppleTalk protocol implementation
#include <sys/socket.h> #include <netatalk/at.h>
ddp_socket = socket( |
AF_APPLETALK, |
| SOCK_DGRAM, | |
0); |
raw_socket = socket( |
AF_APPLETALK, |
| SOCK_RAW, | |
protocol); |
Linux implements the Appletalk protocols described in
Inside Appletalk. Only
the DDP layer and AARP are present in the kernel. They are
designed to be used via the netatalk protocol libraries.
This page documents the interface for those who wish or need
to use the DDP layer directly.
The communication between Appletalk and the user program works using a BSD-compatible socket interface. For more information on sockets, see socket(7).
An AppleTalk socket is created by calling the socket(2) function with a
AF_APPLETALK socket
family argument. Valid socket types are SOCK_DGRAM to open a ddp socket or SOCK_RAW to open a raw socket. protocol is the Appletalk
protocol to be received or sent. For SOCK_RAW you must specify
ATPROTO_DDP.
Raw sockets may be only opened by a process with effective
user ID 0 or when the process has the CAP_NET_RAW capability.
An Appletalk socket address is defined as a combination of a network number, a node number, and a port number.
struct at_addr { unsigned short s_net;unsigned char s_node;}; struct sockaddr_atalk { sa_family_t sat_family;unsigned char sat_port;struct at_addr sat_addr;};
sat_family is
always set to AF_APPLETALK. sat_port contains the port.
The port numbers below 129 are known as reserved ports. Only processes
with the effective user ID 0 or the CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE capability may
bind(2) to these sockets.
sat_addr is the
host address. The net member of struct at_addr contains the host
network in network byte order. The value of AT_ANYNET is a wildcard and also implies
“this
network”. The node member of struct at_addr contains the host
node number. The value of AT_ANYNODE is a wildcard and also implies
“this
node”. The value of ATADDR_BCAST is a link local broadcast
address.
IP supports a set of /proc
interfaces to configure some global AppleTalk parameters.
The parameters can be accessed by reading or writing files
in the directory /proc/sys/net/atalk/.
aarp-expiry-timeThe time interval (in seconds) before an AARP cache entry expires.
aarp-resolve-timeThe time interval (in seconds) before an AARP cache entry is resolved.
aarp-retransmit-limitThe number of retransmissions of an AARP query before the node is declared dead.
aarp-tick-timeThe timer rate (in seconds) for the timer driving AARP.
The default values match the specification and should never need to be changed.
The user tried to execute an operation without the
necessary permissions. These include sending to a
broadcast address without having the broadcast flag
set, and trying to bind to a reserved port without
effective user ID 0 or CAP_NET_BIND_SERVICE.
Tried to bind to an address already in use.
A nonexistent interface was requested or the requested source address was not local.
Operation on a nonblocking socket would block.
A connection operation on a nonblocking socket is already in progress.
A connection was closed during an accept(2).
No routing table entry matches the destination address.
Invalid argument passed.
connect(2) was called on an already connected socket.
Datagram is bigger than the DDP MTU.
Network device not available or not capable of sending IP.
SIOCGSTAMP was called
on a socket where no packet arrived.
Not enough memory available.
A kernel subsystem was not configured.
Invalid socket option passed.
The operation is only defined on a connected socket, but the socket wasn't connected.
User doesn't have permission to set high priority, make a configuration change, or send signals to the requested process or group,
The connection was unexpectedly closed or shut down by the other end.
The socket was unconfigured, or an unknown socket type was requested.
Be very careful with the SO_BROADCAST option − it is not
privileged in Linux. It is easy to overload the network with
careless sending to broadcast addresses.
The basic AppleTalk socket interface is compatible with
netatalk on
BSD-derived systems. Many BSD systems fail to check
SO_BROADCAST when sending
broadcast frames; this can lead to compatibility
problems.
The raw socket mode is unique to Linux and exists to support the alternative CAP package and AppleTalk monitoring tools more easily.
There are too many inconsistent error values.
The ioctls used to configure routing tables, devices, AARP tables and other devices are not yet described.
This page is part of release 3.24 of the Linux man-pages project. A
description of the project, and information about reporting
bugs, can be found at
http://www.kernel.org/doc/man-pages/.
|
This man page is Copyright (C) 1998 Alan Cox. Permission is granted to distribute possibly modified copies of this page provided the header is included verbatim, and in case of nontrivial modification author and date of the modification is added to the header. $Id: ddp.7,v 1.3 1999/05/13 11:33:22 freitag Exp $ |