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17 Introduction to MaxDB

MaxDB is an enterprise-level database. MaxDB is the new name of a database management system formerly called SAP DB.

17.1 History of MaxDB

The history of SAP DB goes back to the early 1980s when it was developed as a commercial product (Adabas). The database has changed names several times since then. When SAP AG, a company based in Walldorf, Germany, took over the development of that database system, it was called SAP DB.

SAP developed that database system to serve as a storage system for all heavy-duty SAP applications, namely R/3. SAP DB was meant to provide an alternative to third-party database systems such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL Server, and DB2 by IBM. In October 2000, SAP AG released SAP DB under the GNU GPL license (see section H GNU General Public License), thus making it Open Source software. In October 2003, more than 2,000 customers of SAP AG were using SAP DB as their main database system, and more than another 2,000 customers were using it as a separate database system besides their main database, as part of the APO/LiveCache solution.

In May 2003, a technology partnership was formed between MySQL AB and SAP AG. That partnership entitles MySQL AB to further develop SAP DB, rename it, and sell commercial licenses of the renamed SAP DB to customers who do not want to be bound to the restrictions imposed on them when using that database system under the GNU GPL (see section H GNU General Public License). In August 2003, SAP DB was renamed MaxDB by MySQL AB.

17.2 Licensing and Support

MaxDB can be used under the same licenses available for the other products distributed by MySQL AB. Thus, MaxDB will be available under the GNU General Public License, and a commercial license. For more information on licensing, see http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/licensing/.

MySQL will offer MaxDB support to non-SAP customers.

The first rebranded version was MaxDB 7.5.00, which was released in November 2003.

17.3 MaxDB-Related Links

The main page for information about MaxDB is http://www.mysql.com/products/maxdb. Information formerly available at http://www.sapdb.org has been moved there.

17.4 Basic Concepts of MaxDB

MaxDB operates as a client/server product. It was developed to meet the demands of installations processing a high volume of online transactions. Both online backup and expansion of the database are supported. Microsoft Clustered Server is supported directly for multiple server implementations; other failover solutions must be scripted manually. Database management tools are provided in both Windows and browser-based implementations.

17.5 Feature Differences Between MaxDB and MySQL

The following list provides a short summary of the main differences between MaxDB and MySQL; it is not complete.

MaxDB runs as a client/server system. MySQL can run as a client/server system or as an embedded system.
MaxDB might not run on all platforms supported by MySQL. For example, MaxDB does not run on IBM's OS/2.
MaxDB uses a proprietary network protocol for client/server communication. MySQL uses either TCP/IP (with or without SSL encryption), sockets (under Unix-like systems), or named pipes (under Windows NT-family systems).
MaxDB supports stored procedures. For MySQL, stored procedures are implemented in version 5.0. MaxDB also supports programming of triggers through an SQL extension, which is scheduled for MySQL 5.1. MaxDB contains a debugger for stored procedure languages, can cascade nested triggers, and supports multiple triggers per action and row.
MaxDB is distributed with user interfaces that are text-based, graphical, or Web-based. MySQL is distributed with text-based user interfaces only; graphical user interface (MySQL Control Center, MySQL Administrator) are shipped separately from the main distributions. Web-based user interfaces for MySQL are offered by third parties.
MaxDB supports a number of programming interfaces that also are supported by MySQL. However, MaxDB does not support RDO, ADO, or .NET, all of which are supported by MySQL. MaxDB supports embedded SQL only with C/C++.
MaxDB includes administrative features that MySQL does not have: job scheduling by time, event, and alert, and sending messages to a database administrator on alert thresholds.

17.6 Interoperability Features Between MaxDB and MySQL

The following features will be included in MaxDB versions to be released shortly after the first 7.5.00 version. These features will allow interoperation between MaxDB and MySQL.

There will be a MySQL proxy enabling connections to MaxDB using the MySQL protocol. This makes it possible to use MySQL client programs for MaxDB, such as the mysql command-line user interface, the mysqldump dump utility, or the mysqlimport import program. Using mysqldump, you can easily dump data from one database system and export (or even pipe) those data to the other database system.
Replication between MySQL and MaxDB will be supported in both directions. That is, either MySQL or MaxDB can be used as the master replication server. The long-range plan is to converge and extend the replication syntax so that both database systems understand the same syntax. See section 6.1 Introduction to Replication.

17.7 Reserved Words in MaxDB

Like MySQL, MaxDB has a number of reserved words that have special meanings. Normally, they cannot be used as names of identifiers, such as database or table names. The following table lists reserved words in MaxDB, indicates the context in which those words are used, and indicates whether or not they have counterparts in MySQL. If such a counterpart exists, the meaning in MySQL might be identical or differing in some aspects. The main purpose is to list in which respects MaxDB differs from MySQL; therefore, this list is not complete.

For the list of reserved words in MySQL, see section 9.6 Treatment of Reserved Words in MySQL.

Reserved in MaxDB	Context of usage in MaxDB	MySQL counterpart
`@`	Can prefix identifier, like ``@table''	Not allowed
`ADDDATE()`	SQL function	`ADDDATE()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`ADDTIME()`	SQL function	`ADDTIME()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`ALPHA`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`ARRAY`	Data type	Not implemented
`ASCII()`	SQL function	`ASCII()`, but implemented with a different meaning
`AUTOCOMMIT`	Transactions; `ON` by default	Transactions; `OFF` by default
`BOOLEAN`	Column types; `BOOLEAN` accepts as values only `TRUE`, `FALSE`, and `NULL`	`BOOLEAN` was added in MySQL 4.1.0; it is a synonym for `BOOL` which is mapped to `TINYINT(1)`. It accepts integer values in the same range as `TINYINT` as well as `NULL`. `TRUE` and `FALSE` can be used as aliases for `1` and `0`.
`CHECK`	`CHECK TABLE`	`CHECK TABLE`; similar, but not identical usage
`COLUMN`	Column types	`COLUMN`; noise word
`CHAR()`	SQL function	`CHAR()`; identical syntax; similar, not identical usage
`COMMIT`	Implicit commits of transactions happen when data definition statements are issued	Implicit commits of transactions happen when data definition statements are issued, and also with a number of other statements
`COSH()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`COT()`	SQL function	`COT()`; identical syntax and implementation
`CREATE`	SQL, data definition language	`CREATE`
`DATABASE`	SQL function	`DATABASE()`; `DATABASE` is used in a different context; for example, `CREATE DATABASE`
`DATE()`	SQL function	`CURRENT_DATE`
`DATEDIFF()`	SQL function	`DATEDIFF()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`DAY()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`DAYOFWEEK()`	SQL function	`DAYOFWEEK()`; by default, `1` represents Monday in MaxDB and Sunday in MySQL
`DISTINCT`	SQL functions `AVG`, `MAX`, `MIN`, `SUM`	`DISTINCT`; but used in a different context: `SELECT DISTINCT`
`DROP`	`DROP INDEX`, for example	`DROP INDEX`; similar, but not identical usage
`EBCDIC()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`EXPAND()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`EXPLAIN`	Optimization	`EXPLAIN`; similar, but not identical usage
`FIXED()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`FLOAT()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`HEX()`	SQL function	`HEX()`; similar, but not identical usage
`INDEX()`	SQL function	`INSTR()` or `LOCATE()`; similar, but not identical syntaxes and meanings
`INDEX`	`USE INDEX`, `IGNORE INDEX` and similar hints are used right after `SELECT`; for example, `SELECT ... USE INDEX`	`USE INDEX`, `IGNORE INDEX` and similar hints are used in the `FROM` clause of a `SELECT` query; for example, in `SELECT ... FROM ... USE INDEX`
`INITCAP()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`LENGTH()`	SQL function	`LENGTH()`; identical syntax, but slightly different implementation
`LFILL()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`LIKE`	Comparisons	`LIKE`; but the extended `LIKE` MaxDB provides rather resembles the MySQL `REGEX`
`LIKE` wildcards	MaxDB supports ``%'', ``_'', ``Control-underline'', ``Control-up arrow'', ``*'', and ``?'' as wildcards in `LIKE` comparisons	MySQL supports ``%'', and ``_'' as wildcards in `LIKE` comparisons
`LPAD()`	SQL function	`LPAD()`; slightly different implementation
`LTRIM()`	SQL function	`LTRIM()`; slightly different implementation
`MAKEDATE()`	SQL function	`MAKEDATE()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`MAKETIME()`	SQL function	`MAKETIME()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`MAPCHAR()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`MICROSECOND()`	SQL function	`MICROSECOND()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`NOROUND()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`NULL`	Column types; comparisons	`NULL`; MaxDB supports special `NULL` values that are returned by arithmetic operations that lead to an overflow or a division by zero; MySQL does not support such special values
`PI`	SQL function	`PI()`; identical syntax and implementation, but parentheses are mandatory in MySQL
`REF`	Data type	Nothing comparable
`RFILL()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`ROWNO`	Predicate in `WHERE` clause	Similar to `LIMIT` clause
`RPAD()`	SQL function	`RPAD()`; slightly different implementation
`RTRIM()`	SQL function	`RTRIM()`; slightly different implementation
`SEQUENCE`	`CREATE SEQUENCE`, `DROP SEQUENCE`	`AUTO_INCREMENT`; similar concept, but different implementation
`SINH()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`SOUNDS()`	SQL function	`SOUNDEX()`; slightly different syntax
`STATISTICS`	`UPDATE STATISTICS`	`ANALYZE TABLE`; similar concept, but different implementation
`SUBSTR()`	SQL function	`SUBSTRING()`; slightly different implementation
`SUBTIME()`	SQL function	`SUBTIME()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`SYNONYM`	Data definition language: `CREATE [PUBLIC] SYNONYM`, `RENAME SYNONYM`, `DROP SYNONYM`	Nothing comparable
`TANH()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`TIME()`	SQL function	`CURRENT_TIME`
`TIMEDIFF()`	SQL function	`TIMEDIFF()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`TIMESTAMP()`	SQL function	`TIMESTAMP()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1
`TIMESTAMP()` as argument to `DAYOFMONTH()` and `DAYOFYEAR()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`TIMEZONE()`	SQL function	Nothing comparable
`TRANSACTION()`	Returns the ID of the current transaction	Nothing comparable
`TRANSLATE()`	SQL function	`REPLACE()`; identical syntax and implementation
`TRIM()`	SQL function	`TRIM()`; slightly different implementation
`TRUNC()`	SQL function	`TRUNCATE()`; slightly different syntax and implementation
`USE`	Switches to a new database instance; terminates the connection to the current database instance; all subsequent commands are referred to this database instance	`USE`; identical syntax, but does not terminate the connection to the current database
`USER`	SQL function	`USER()`; identical syntax, but slightly different implementation, and parentheses are mandatory in MySQL
`UTC_DIFF()`	SQL function	`UTC_DATE()`; provides a means to calculate the same result as `UTC_DIFF()`
`VALUE()`	SQL function, alias for `COALESCE()`	`COALESCE()`; identical syntax and implementation
`VARIANCE()`	SQL function	`VARIANCE()`; new in MySQL 4.1.0
`WEEKOFYEAR()`	SQL function	`WEEKOFYEAR()`; new in MySQL 4.1.1

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