MySQL 3.23, 4.0, 4.1 Reference Manual

Copyright 1997-2007 MySQL AB

This documentation is NOT distributed under a GPL license. Use of this documentation is subject to the following terms: You may create a printed copy of this documentation solely for your own personal use. Conversion to other formats is allowed as long as the actual content is not altered or edited in any way. You shall not publish or distribute this documentation in any form or on any media, except if you distribute the documentation in a manner similar to how MySQL disseminates it (that is, electronically for download on a Web site with the software) or on a CD-ROM or similar medium, provided however that the documentation is disseminated together with the software on the same medium. Any other use, such as any dissemination of printed copies or use of this documentation, in whole or in part, in another publication, requires the prior written consent from an authorized representative of MySQL AB. MySQL AB reserves any and all rights to this documentation not expressly granted above.

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Abstract

This is the MySQL Reference Manual. It documents MySQL 3.23 through MySQL 4.1.22.

Document generated on: 2007-02-16 (revision: 4965)

End of Product LifecycleActive development and support for MySQL database server versions 3.23, 4.0, and 4.1 have ended. For MySQL 4.0 and 4.1, there is still extended support available, though. For details, see http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/lifecycle/#calendar.According to the MySQL Lifecycle Policy (see http://www.mysql.com/company/legal/lifecycle/#policy), only Security Level 1 issues will still be fixed for those versions. Please consider upgrading to a recent version (MySQL 5.0 or 5.1).


Table of Contents

Preface
1. General Information
1.1. About This Manual
1.2. Conventions Used in This Manual
1.3. Overview of MySQL AB
1.4. Overview of the MySQL Database Management System
1.4.1. What is MySQL?
1.4.2. History of MySQL
1.4.3. The Main Features of MySQL
1.5. Overview of the MaxDB Database Management System
1.5.1. What is MaxDB?
1.5.2. History of MaxDB
1.5.3. Features of MaxDB
1.5.4. Licensing and Support
1.5.5. Feature Differences Between MaxDB and MySQL
1.5.6. Interoperability Features Between MaxDB and MySQL
1.5.7. MaxDB-Related Links
1.6. MySQL Development Roadmap
1.6.1. MySQL 4.0 in a Nutshell
1.6.2. MySQL 4.1 in a Nutshell
1.6.3. What's New in MySQL 5.0
1.7. MySQL Information Sources
1.7.1. MySQL Mailing Lists
1.7.2. MySQL Community Support at the MySQL Forums
1.7.3. MySQL Community Support on Internet Relay Chat (IRC)
1.8. How to Report Bugs or Problems
1.9. MySQL Standards Compliance
1.9.1. What Standards MySQL Follows
1.9.2. Selecting SQL Modes
1.9.3. Running MySQL in ANSI Mode
1.9.4. MySQL Extensions to Standard SQL
1.9.5. MySQL Differences from Standard SQL
1.9.6. How MySQL Deals with Constraints
2. Installing and Upgrading MySQL
2.1. General Installation Issues
2.1.1. Operating Systems On Which MySQL Is Known To Run
2.1.2. Choosing Which MySQL Distribution to Install
2.1.3. How to Get MySQL
2.1.4. Verifying Package Integrity Using MD5 Checksums or GnuPG
2.1.5. Installation Layouts
2.2. Standard MySQL Installation Using a Binary Distribution
2.3. Installing MySQL on Windows
2.3.1. Choosing An Installation Package
2.3.2. Installing MySQL with the Automated Installer
2.3.3. Using the MySQL Installation Wizard
2.3.4. Using the Configuration Wizard
2.3.5. Installing MySQL from a Noinstall Zip Archive
2.3.6. Extracting the Install Archive
2.3.7. Creating an Option File
2.3.8. Selecting a MySQL Server type
2.3.9. Starting the Server for the First Time
2.3.10. Starting MySQL from the Windows Command Line
2.3.11. Starting MySQL as a Windows Service
2.3.12. Testing The MySQL Installation
2.3.13. Troubleshooting a MySQL Installation Under Windows
2.3.14. Upgrading MySQL on Windows
2.3.15. MySQL on Windows Compared to MySQL on Unix
2.4. Installing MySQL on Linux
2.5. Installing MySQL on Mac OS X
2.6. Installing MySQL on Solaris
2.7. Installing MySQL on NetWare
2.8. Installing MySQL on Other Unix-Like Systems
2.9. MySQL Installation Using a Source Distribution
2.9.1. Source Installation Overview
2.9.2. Typical configure Options
2.9.3. Installing from the Development Source Tree
2.9.4. Dealing with Problems Compiling MySQL
2.9.5. MIT-pthreads Notes
2.9.6. Installing MySQL from Source on Windows
2.9.7. Compiling MySQL Clients on Windows
2.10. Post-Installation Setup and Testing
2.10.1. Windows Post-Installation Procedures
2.10.2. Unix Post-Installation Procedures
2.10.3. Securing the Initial MySQL Accounts
2.11. Upgrading MySQL
2.11.1. Upgrading from MySQL 4.0 to 4.1
2.11.2. Upgrading from MySQL 3.23 to 4.0
2.11.3. Copying MySQL Databases to Another Machine
2.12. Downgrading MySQL
2.12.1. Downgrading to MySQL 4.0
2.13. Operating System-Specific Notes
2.13.1. Linux Notes
2.13.2. Mac OS X Notes
2.13.3. Solaris Notes
2.13.4. BSD Notes
2.13.5. Other Unix Notes
2.13.6. OS/2 Notes
2.14. Perl Installation Notes
2.14.1. Installing Perl on Unix
2.14.2. Installing ActiveState Perl on Windows
2.14.3. Problems Using the Perl DBI/DBD Interface
3. Tutorial
3.1. Connecting to and Disconnecting from the Server
3.2. Entering Queries
3.3. Creating and Using a Database
3.3.1. Creating and Selecting a Database
3.3.2. Creating a Table
3.3.3. Loading Data into a Table
3.3.4. Retrieving Information from a Table
3.4. Getting Information About Databases and Tables
3.5. Using mysql in Batch Mode
3.6. Examples of Common Queries
3.6.1. The Maximum Value for a Column
3.6.2. The Row Holding the Maximum of a Certain Column
3.6.3. Maximum of Column per Group
3.6.4. The Rows Holding the Group-wise Maximum of a Certain Field
3.6.5. Using User-Defined Variables
3.6.6. Using Foreign Keys
3.6.7. Searching on Two Keys
3.6.8. Calculating Visits Per Day
3.6.9. Using AUTO_INCREMENT
3.7. Queries from the Twin Project
3.7.1. Find All Non-distributed Twins
3.7.2. Show a Table of Twin Pair Status
3.8. Using MySQL with Apache
4. Using MySQL Programs
4.1. Overview of MySQL Programs
4.2. Invoking MySQL Programs
4.3. Specifying Program Options
4.3.1. Using Options on the Command Line
4.3.2. Using Option Files
4.3.3. Using Environment Variables to Specify Options
4.3.4. Using Options to Set Program Variables
5. Database Administration
5.1. Overview of Server-Side Programs
5.2. mysqld — The MySQL Server
5.2.1. Command Options
5.2.2. System Variables
5.2.3. Using System Variables
5.2.4. Status Variables
5.2.5. SQL Modes
5.2.6. The Shutdown Process
5.2.7. Server-Side Help
5.3. The mysqld-max Extended MySQL Server
5.4. MySQL Server Startup Programs
5.4.1. mysqld_safe — MySQL Server Startup Script
5.4.2. mysql.server — MySQL Server Startup Script
5.4.3. mysqld_multi — Manage Multiple MySQL Servers
5.5. Installation-Related Programs
5.5.1. mysql_fix_privilege_tables — Upgrade MySQL System Tables
5.5.2. mysql_install_db — MySQL Data Directory Initialization Script
5.5.3. mysql_tzinfo_to_sql — Load the Time Zone Tables
5.6. General Security Issues
5.6.1. General Security Guidelines
5.6.2. Making MySQL Secure Against Attackers
5.6.3. Security-Related mysqld Options
5.6.4. Security Issues with LOAD DATA LOCAL
5.6.5. How to Run MySQL as a Normal User
5.7. The MySQL Access Privilege System
5.7.1. What the Privilege System Does
5.7.2. How the Privilege System Works
5.7.3. Privileges Provided by MySQL
5.7.4. Connecting to the MySQL Server
5.7.5. Access Control, Stage 1: Connection Verification
5.7.6. Access Control, Stage 2: Request Verification
5.7.7. When Privilege Changes Take Effect
5.7.8. Causes of Access denied Errors
5.7.9. Password Hashing as of MySQL 4.1
5.8. MySQL User Account Management
5.8.1. MySQL Usernames and Passwords
5.8.2. Adding New User Accounts to MySQL
5.8.3. Removing User Accounts from MySQL
5.8.4. Limiting Account Resources
5.8.5. Assigning Account Passwords
5.8.6. Keeping Your Password Secure
5.8.7. Using Secure Connections
5.9. Backup and Recovery
5.9.1. Database Backups
5.9.2. Example Backup and Recovery Strategy
5.9.3. Point-in-Time Recovery
5.9.4. Table Maintenance and Crash Recovery
5.10. MySQL Localization and International Usage
5.10.1. The Character Set Used for Data and Sorting
5.10.2. Setting the Error Message Language
5.10.3. Adding a New Character Set
5.10.4. The Character Definition Arrays
5.10.5. String Collating Support
5.10.6. Multi-Byte Character Support
5.10.7. Problems With Character Sets
5.10.8. MySQL Server Time Zone Support
5.10.9. MySQL Server Locale Support
5.11. MySQL Server Logs
5.11.1. The Error Log
5.11.2. The General Query Log
5.11.3. The Update Log
5.11.4. The Binary Log
5.11.5. The Slow Query Log
5.11.6. Server Log Maintenance
5.12. Running Multiple MySQL Servers on the Same Machine
5.12.1. Running Multiple Servers on Windows
5.12.2. Running Multiple Servers on Unix
5.12.3. Using Client Programs in a Multiple-Server Environment
5.13. The MySQL Query Cache
5.13.1. How the Query Cache Operates
5.13.2. Query Cache SELECT Options
5.13.3. Query Cache Configuration
5.13.4. Query Cache Status and Maintenance
6. Replication
6.1. Introduction to Replication
6.2. Replication Implementation Overview
6.3. Replication Implementation Details
6.3.1. Replication Master Thread States
6.3.2. Replication Slave I/O Thread States
6.3.3. Replication Slave SQL Thread States
6.3.4. Replication Relay and Status Files
6.4. How to Set Up Replication
6.5. Replication Compatibility Between MySQL Versions
6.6. Upgrading a Replication Setup
6.6.1. Upgrading Replication to 4.0 or 4.1
6.7. Replication Features and Known Problems
6.8. Replication Startup Options
6.9. How Servers Evaluate Replication Rules
6.10. Replication FAQ
6.11. Troubleshooting Replication
6.12. How to Report Replication Bugs or Problems
7. Optimization
7.1. Optimization Overview
7.1.1. MySQL Design Limitations and Tradeoffs
7.1.2. Designing Applications for Portability
7.1.3. What We Have Used MySQL For
7.1.4. The MySQL Benchmark Suite
7.1.5. Using Your Own Benchmarks
7.2. Optimizing SELECT and Other Statements
7.2.1. Optimizing Queries with EXPLAIN
7.2.2. Estimating Query Performance
7.2.3. Speed of SELECT Queries
7.2.4. WHERE Clause Optimization
7.2.5. Range Optimization
7.2.6. IS NULL Optimization
7.2.7. DISTINCT Optimization
7.2.8. LEFT JOIN and RIGHT JOIN Optimization
7.2.9. ORDER BY Optimization
7.2.10. GROUP BY Optimization
7.2.11. LIMIT Optimization
7.2.12. How to Avoid Table Scans
7.2.13. Speed of INSERT Statements
7.2.14. Speed of UPDATE Statements
7.2.15. Speed of DELETE Statements
7.2.16. Other Optimization Tips
7.3. Locking Issues
7.3.1. Locking Methods
7.3.2. Table Locking Issues
7.3.3. Concurrent Inserts
7.4. Optimizing Database Structure
7.4.1. Design Choices
7.4.2. Make Your Data as Small as Possible
7.4.3. Column Indexes
7.4.4. Multiple-Column Indexes
7.4.5. How MySQL Uses Indexes
7.4.6. The MyISAM Key Cache
7.4.7. MyISAM Index Statistics Collection
7.4.8. How MySQL Opens and Closes Tables
7.4.9. Drawbacks to Creating Many Tables in the Same Database
7.5. Optimizing the MySQL Server
7.5.1. System Factors and Startup Parameter Tuning
7.5.2. Tuning Server Parameters
7.5.3. How Compiling and Linking Affects the Speed of MySQL
7.5.4. How MySQL Uses Memory
7.5.5. How MySQL Uses DNS
7.6. Disk Issues
7.6.1. Using Symbolic Links
8. Client and Utility Programs
8.1. Overview of Client and Utility Programs
8.2. my_print_defaults — Display Options from Option Files
8.3. myisam_ftdump — Display Full-Text Index information
8.4. myisamchk — MyISAM Table-Maintenance Utility
8.4.1. myisamchk General Options
8.4.2. myisamchk Check Options
8.4.3. myisamchk Repair Options
8.4.4. Other myisamchk Options
8.4.5. myisamchk Memory Usage
8.5. myisamlog — Display MyISAM Log File Contents
8.6. myisampack — Generate Compressed, Read-Only MyISAM Tables
8.7. mysql — The MySQL Command-Line Tool
8.7.1. mysql Options
8.7.2. mysql Commands
8.7.3. mysql Server-Side Help
8.7.4. Executing SQL Statements from a Text File
8.7.5. mysql Tips
8.8. mysql_explain_log — Use EXPLAIN on Statements in Query Log
8.9. mysqlaccess — Client for Checking Access Privileges
8.10. mysqladmin — Client for Administering a MySQL Server
8.11. mysqlbinlog — Utility for Processing Binary Log Files
8.12. mysqlcheck — A Table Maintenance and Repair Program
8.13. mysqldump — A Database Backup Program
8.14. mysqlhotcopy — A Database Backup Program
8.15. mysqlimport — A Data Import Program
8.16. mysqlshow — Display Database, Table, and Column Information
8.17. mysql_zap — Kill Processes That Match a Pattern
8.18. perror — Explain Error Codes
8.19. replace — A String-Replacement Utility
9. Language Structure
9.1. Literal Values
9.1.1. Strings
9.1.2. Numbers
9.1.3. Hexadecimal Values
9.1.4. Boolean Values
9.1.5. NULL Values
9.2. Database, Table, Index, Column, and Alias Names
9.2.1. Identifier Qualifiers
9.2.2. Identifier Case Sensitivity
9.2.3. Function Name Parsing and Resolution
9.3. Reserved Words
9.4. User-Defined Variables
9.5. Comment Syntax
10. Character Set Support
10.1. Character Sets and Collations in General
10.2. Character Sets and Collations in MySQL
10.3. Specifying Character Sets and Collations
10.3.1. Server Character Set and Collation
10.3.2. Database Character Set and Collation
10.3.3. Table Character Set and Collation
10.3.4. Column Character Set and Collation
10.3.5. Character String Literal Character Set and Collation
10.3.6. National Character Set
10.3.7. Examples of Character Set and Collation Assignment
10.3.8. Compatibility with Other DBMSs
10.4. Connection Character Sets and Collations
10.5. Collation Issues
10.5.1. Using COLLATE in SQL Statements
10.5.2. COLLATE Clause Precedence
10.5.3. BINARY Operator
10.5.4. Some Special Cases Where the Collation Determination Is Tricky
10.5.5. Collations Must Be for the Right Character Set
10.5.6. An Example of the Effect of Collation
10.6. Operations Affected by Character Set Support
10.6.1. Result Strings
10.6.2. CONVERT() and CAST()
10.6.3. SHOW Statements and INFORMATION_SCHEMA
10.7. Unicode Support
10.8. UTF-8 for Metadata
10.9. Upgrading Character Sets from MySQL 4.0
10.9.1. 4.0 Character Sets and Corresponding 4.1 Character Set/Collation Pairs
10.9.2. Converting 4.0 Character Columns to 4.1 Format
10.10. Character Sets and Collations That MySQL Supports
10.10.1. Unicode Character Sets
10.10.2. West European Character Sets
10.10.3. Central European Character Sets
10.10.4. South European and Middle East Character Sets
10.10.5. Baltic Character Sets
10.10.6. Cyrillic Character Sets
10.10.7. Asian Character Sets
11. Data Types
11.1. Data Type Overview
11.1.1. Overview of Numeric Types
11.1.2. Overview of Date and Time Types
11.1.3. Overview of String Types
11.1.4. Data Type Default Values
11.2. Numeric Types
11.3. Date and Time Types
11.3.1. The DATETIME, DATE, and TIMESTAMP Types
11.3.2. The TIME Type
11.3.3. The YEAR Type
11.3.4. Year 2000 Issues and Date Types
11.4. String Types
11.4.1. The CHAR and VARCHAR Types
11.4.2. The BINARY and VARBINARY Types
11.4.3. The BLOB and TEXT Types
11.4.4. The ENUM Type
11.4.5. The SET Type
11.5. Data Type Storage Requirements
11.6. Choosing the Right Type for a Column
11.7. Using Data Types from Other Database Engines
12. Functions and Operators
12.1. Operators
12.1.1. Operator Precedence
12.1.2. Type Conversion in Expression Evaluation
12.1.3. Comparison Functions and Operators
12.1.4. Logical Operators
12.2. Control Flow Functions
12.3. String Functions
12.3.1. String Comparison Functions
12.4. Numeric Functions
12.4.1. Arithmetic Operators
12.4.2. Mathematical Functions
12.5. Date and Time Functions
12.6. What Calendar Is Used By MySQL?
12.7. Full-Text Search Functions
12.7.1. Boolean Full-Text Searches
12.7.2. Full-Text Searches with Query Expansion
12.7.3. Full-Text Stopwords
12.7.4. Full-Text Restrictions
12.7.5. Fine-Tuning MySQL Full-Text Search
12.8. Cast Functions and Operators
12.9. Other Functions
12.9.1. Bit Functions
12.9.2. Encryption and Compression Functions
12.9.3. Information Functions
12.9.4. Miscellaneous Functions
12.10. Functions and Modifiers for Use with GROUP BY Clauses
12.10.1. GROUP BY (Aggregate) Functions
12.10.2. GROUP BY Modifiers
12.10.3. GROUP BY and HAVING with Hidden Fields
13. SQL Statement Syntax
13.1. Data Definition Statements
13.1.1. ALTER DATABASE Syntax
13.1.2. ALTER TABLE Syntax
13.1.3. CREATE DATABASE Syntax
13.1.4. CREATE INDEX Syntax
13.1.5. CREATE TABLE Syntax
13.1.6. DROP DATABASE Syntax
13.1.7. DROP INDEX Syntax
13.1.8. DROP TABLE Syntax
13.1.9. RENAME TABLE Syntax
13.2. Data Manipulation Statements
13.2.1. DELETE Syntax
13.2.2. DO Syntax
13.2.3. HANDLER Syntax
13.2.4. INSERT Syntax
13.2.5. LOAD DATA INFILE Syntax
13.2.6. REPLACE Syntax
13.2.7. SELECT Syntax
13.2.8. Subquery Syntax
13.2.9. TRUNCATE Syntax
13.2.10. UPDATE Syntax
13.3. MySQL Utility Statements
13.3.1. DESCRIBE Syntax
13.3.2. HELP Syntax
13.3.3. USE Syntax
13.4. MySQL Transactional and Locking Statements
13.4.1. START TRANSACTION, COMMIT, and ROLLBACK Syntax
13.4.2. Statements That Cannot Be Rolled Back
13.4.3. Statements That Cause an Implicit Commit
13.4.4. SAVEPOINT and ROLLBACK TO SAVEPOINT Syntax
13.4.5. LOCK TABLES and UNLOCK TABLES Syntax
13.4.6. SET TRANSACTION Syntax
13.5. Database Administration Statements
13.5.1. Account Management Statements
13.5.2. Table Maintenance Statements
13.5.3. SET Syntax
13.5.4. SHOW Syntax
13.5.5. Other Administrative Statements
13.6. Replication Statements
13.6.1. SQL Statements for Controlling Master Servers
13.6.2. SQL Statements for Controlling Slave Servers
13.7. SQL Syntax for Prepared Statements
14. Storage Engines and Table Types
14.1. The MyISAM Storage Engine
14.1.1. MyISAM Startup Options
14.1.2. Space Needed for Keys
14.1.3. MyISAM Table Storage Formats
14.1.4. MyISAM Table Problems
14.2. The InnoDB Storage Engine
14.2.1. InnoDB Overview
14.2.2. InnoDB Contact Information
14.2.3. InnoDB in MySQL 3.23
14.2.4. InnoDB Configuration
14.2.5. InnoDB Startup Options and System Variables
14.2.6. Creating the InnoDB Tablespace
14.2.7. Creating and Using InnoDB Tables
14.2.8. Adding and Removing InnoDB Data and Log Files
14.2.9. Backing Up and Recovering an InnoDB Database
14.2.10. Moving an InnoDB Database to Another Machine
14.2.11. InnoDB Transaction Model and Locking
14.2.12. InnoDB Performance Tuning Tips
14.2.13. Implementation of Multi-Versioning
14.2.14. InnoDB Table and Index Structures
14.2.15. InnoDB File Space Management and Disk I/O
14.2.16. InnoDB Error Handling
14.2.17. Restrictions on InnoDB Tables
14.2.18. InnoDB Troubleshooting
14.3. The MERGE Storage Engine
14.3.1. MERGE Table Problems
14.4. The MEMORY (HEAP) Storage Engine
14.5. The BDB (BerkeleyDB) Storage Engine
14.5.1. Operating Systems Supported by BDB
14.5.2. Installing BDB
14.5.3. BDB Startup Options
14.5.4. Characteristics of BDB Tables
14.5.5. Restrictions on BDB Tables
14.5.6. Errors That May Occur When Using BDB Tables
14.6. The EXAMPLE Storage Engine
14.7. The ARCHIVE Storage Engine
14.8. The CSV Storage Engine
14.9. The BLACKHOLE Storage Engine
14.10. The ISAM Storage Engine
15. MySQL Cluster
15.1. MySQL Cluster Overview
15.2. Basic MySQL Cluster Concepts
15.2.1. MySQL Cluster Nodes, Node Groups, Replicas, and Partitions
15.3. Simple Multi-Computer How-To
15.3.1. Hardware, Software, and Networking
15.3.2. Multi-Computer Installation
15.3.3. Multi-Computer Configuration
15.3.4. Initial Startup
15.3.5. Loading Sample Data and Performing Queries
15.3.6. Safe Shutdown and Restart
15.4. MySQL Cluster Configuration
15.4.1. Building MySQL Cluster from Source Code
15.4.2. Installing the Software
15.4.3. Quick Test Setup of MySQL Cluster
15.4.4. Configuration File
15.4.5. Overview of Cluster Configuration Parameters
15.4.6. Configuring Parameters for Local Checkpoints
15.5. Upgrading and Downgrading MySQL Cluster
15.5.1. Performing a Rolling Restart of the Cluster
15.5.2. Cluster Upgrade and Downgrade Compatibility
15.6. Process Management in MySQL Cluster
15.6.1. MySQL Server Process Usage for MySQL Cluster
15.6.2. ndbd, the Storage Engine Node Process
15.6.3. ndb_mgmd, the Management Server Process
15.6.4. ndb_mgm, the Management Client Process
15.6.5. Command Options for MySQL Cluster Processes
15.7. Management of MySQL Cluster
15.7.1. MySQL Cluster Startup Phases
15.7.2. Commands in the Management Client
15.7.3. Event Reports Generated in MySQL Cluster
15.7.4. Single User Mode
15.8. On-line Backup of MySQL Cluster
15.8.1. Cluster Backup Concepts
15.8.2. Using The Management Client to Create a Backup
15.8.3. How to Restore a Cluster Backup
15.8.4. Configuration for Cluster Backup
15.8.5. Backup Troubleshooting
15.9. Cluster Utility Programs
15.9.1. ndb_config
15.9.2. ndb_delete_all
15.9.3. ndb_desc
15.9.4. ndb_drop_index
15.9.5. ndb_drop_table
15.9.6. ndb_error_reporter
15.9.7. ndb_print_backup_file
15.9.8. ndb_print_schema_file
15.9.9. ndb_print_sys_file
15.9.10. ndb_select_all
15.9.11. ndb_select_count
15.9.12. ndb_show_tables
15.9.13. ndb_size.pl — NDBCluster Size Requirement Estimator
15.9.14. ndb_waiter
15.10. Using High-Speed Interconnects with MySQL Cluster
15.10.1. Configuring MySQL Cluster to use SCI Sockets
15.10.2. Understanding the Impact of Cluster Interconnects
15.11. Known Limitations of MySQL Cluster
15.12. MySQL Cluster FAQ
15.13. MySQL Cluster Glossary
16. Spatial Extensions
16.1. Introduction to MySQL Spatial Support
16.2. The OpenGIS Geometry Model
16.2.1. The Geometry Class Hierarchy
16.2.2. Class Geometry
16.2.3. Class Point
16.2.4. Class Curve
16.2.5. Class LineString
16.2.6. Class Surface
16.2.7. Class Polygon
16.2.8. Class GeometryCollection
16.2.9. Class MultiPoint
16.2.10. Class MultiCurve
16.2.11. Class MultiLineString
16.2.12. Class MultiSurface
16.2.13. Class MultiPolygon
16.3. Supported Spatial Data Formats
16.3.1. Well-Known Text (WKT) Format
16.3.2. Well-Known Binary (WKB) Format
16.4. Creating a Spatially Enabled MySQL Database
16.4.1. MySQL Spatial Data Types
16.4.2. Creating Spatial Values
16.4.3. Creating Spatial Columns
16.4.4. Populating Spatial Columns
16.4.5. Fetching Spatial Data
16.5. Analyzing Spatial Information
16.5.1. Geometry Format Conversion Functions
16.5.2. Geometry Functions
16.5.3. Functions That Create New Geometries from Existing Ones
16.5.4. Functions for Testing Spatial Relations Between Geometric Objects
16.5.5. Relations on Geometry Minimal Bounding Rectangles (MBRs)
16.5.6. Functions That Test Spatial Relationships Between Geometries
16.6. Optimizing Spatial Analysis
16.6.1. Creating Spatial Indexes
16.6.2. Using a Spatial Index
16.7. MySQL Conformance and Compatibility
17. APIs and Libraries
17.1. libmysqld, the Embedded MySQL Server Library
17.1.1. Overview of the Embedded MySQL Server Library
17.1.2. Compiling Programs with libmysqld
17.1.3. Restrictions When Using the Embedded MySQL Server
17.1.4. Options with the Embedded Server
17.1.5. Embedded Server Examples
17.1.6. Licensing the Embedded Server
17.2. MySQL C API
17.2.1. C API Data types
17.2.2. C API Function Overview
17.2.3. C API Function Descriptions
17.2.4. C API Prepared Statements
17.2.5. C API Prepared Statement Data types
17.2.6. C API Prepared Statement Function Overview
17.2.7. C API Prepared Statement Function Descriptions
17.2.8. C API Prepared statement problems
17.2.9. C API Handling of Multiple Statement Execution
17.2.10. C API Handling of Date and Time Values
17.2.11. C API Threaded Function Descriptions
17.2.12. C API Embedded Server Function Descriptions
17.2.13. Common Questions and Problems When Using the C API
17.2.14. Building Client Programs
17.2.15. How to Make a Threaded Client
17.3. MySQL PHP API
17.3.1. Common Problems with MySQL and PHP
17.3.2. Enabling Both mysql and mysqli in PHP
17.4. MySQL Perl API
17.5. MySQL C++ API
17.6. MySQL Python API
17.7. MySQL Tcl API
17.8. MySQL Eiffel Wrapper
17.9. MySQL Program Development Utilities
17.9.1. msql2mysql — Convert mSQL Programs for Use with MySQL
17.9.2. mysql_config — Get Compile Options for Compiling Clients
18. Connectors
18.1. MySQL Connector/ODBC
18.1.1. Introduction to Connector/ODBC
18.1.2. Connector/ODBC Installation
18.1.3. Connector/ODBC Configuration
18.1.4. Connector/ODBC Examples
18.1.5. Connector/ODBC Reference
18.1.6. Connector/ODBC Notes and Tips
18.1.7. Connector/ODBC Support
18.2. MySQL Connector/NET
18.2.1. Connector/NET Versions
18.2.2. Connector/NET Installation
18.2.3. Connector/NET Examples
18.2.4. Connector/NET Reference
18.2.5. Connector/NET Notes and Tips
18.2.6. Connector/NET Support
18.3. MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
18.3.1. Installing the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
18.3.2. Creating a connection to the MySQL server
18.3.3. Using the MySQL Visual Studio Plugin
18.3.4. Visual Studio Plugin Support
18.4. MySQL Connector/J
18.4.1. Connector/J Versions
18.4.2. Connector/J Installation
18.4.3. Connector/J Examples
18.4.4. Connector/J (JDBC) Reference
18.4.5. Connector/J Notes and Tips
18.4.6. Connector/J Support
18.5. MySQL Connector/MXJ
18.5.1. Introduction to Connector/MXJ
18.5.2. Connector/MXJ Installation
18.5.3. Connector/MXJ Configuration
18.5.4. Connector/MXJ Reference
18.5.5. Connector/MXJ Notes and Tips
18.5.6. Connector/MXJ Support
18.6. Connector/PHP
19. Extending MySQL
19.1. MySQL Internals
19.1.1. MySQL Threads
19.1.2. MySQL Test Suite
19.2. Adding New Functions to MySQL
19.2.1. Features of the User-Defined Function Interface
19.2.2. CREATE FUNCTION Syntax
19.2.3. DROP FUNCTION Syntax
19.2.4. Adding a New User-Defined Function
19.2.5. Adding a New Native Function
19.3. Adding New Procedures to MySQL
19.3.1. Procedure Analyse
19.3.2. Writing a Procedure
A. Problems and Common Errors
A.1. How to Determine What Is Causing a Problem
A.2. Common Errors When Using MySQL Programs
A.2.1. Access denied
A.2.2. Can't connect to [local] MySQL server
A.2.3. Client does not support authentication protocol
A.2.4. Password Fails When Entered Interactively
A.2.5. Host 'host_name' is blocked
A.2.6. Too many connections
A.2.7. Out of memory
A.2.8. MySQL server has gone away
A.2.9. Packet too large
A.2.10. Communication Errors and Aborted Connections
A.2.11. The table is full
A.2.12. Can't create/write to file
A.2.13. Commands out of sync
A.2.14. Ignoring user
A.2.15. Table 'tbl_name' doesn't exist
A.2.16. Can't initialize character set
A.2.17. 'File' Not Found and Similar Errors
A.3. Installation-Related Issues
A.3.1. Problems Linking to the MySQL Client Library
A.3.2. Problems with File Permissions
A.4. Administration-Related Issues
A.4.1. How to Reset the Root Password
A.4.2. What to Do If MySQL Keeps Crashing
A.4.3. How MySQL Handles a Full Disk
A.4.4. Where MySQL Stores Temporary Files
A.4.5. How to Protect or Change the MySQL Unix Socket File
A.4.6. Time Zone Problems
A.5. Query-Related Issues
A.5.1. Case Sensitivity in Searches
A.5.2. Problems Using DATE Columns
A.5.3. Problems with NULL Values
A.5.4. Problems with Column Aliases
A.5.5. Rollback Failure for Non-Transactional Tables
A.5.6. Deleting Rows from Related Tables
A.5.7. Solving Problems with No Matching Rows
A.5.8. Problems with Floating-Point Comparisons
A.6. Optimizer-Related Issues
A.7. Table Definition-Related Issues
A.7.1. Problems with ALTER TABLE
A.7.2. How to Change the Order of Columns in a Table
A.7.3. TEMPORARY TABLE Problems
A.8. Known Issues in MySQL
A.8.1. Issues in MySQL 3.23 Fixed in a Later MySQL Version
A.8.2. Issues in MySQL 4.0 Fixed in a Later Version
A.8.3. Issues in MySQL 4.1 Fixed in a Later Version
A.8.4. Open Issues in MySQL
B. Error Codes and Messages
B.1. Server Error Codes and Messages
B.2. Client Error Codes and Messages
C. Credits
C.1. Developers at MySQL AB
C.2. Contributors to MySQL
C.3. Documenters and translators
C.4. Libraries used by and included with MySQL
C.5. Packages that support MySQL
C.6. Tools that were used to create MySQL
C.7. Supporters of MySQL
D. MySQL Change History
D.1. Changes in release 4.1.x (Production)
D.1.1. Changes in release 4.1.23 (Not yet released)
D.1.2. Changes in release 4.1.22 (02 November 2006)
D.1.3. Changes in release 4.1.21 (19 July 2006)
D.1.4. Changes in release 4.1.20 (24 May 2006)
D.1.5. Changes in release 4.1.19 (29 April 2006)
D.1.6. Changes in release 4.1.18 (27 January 2006)
D.1.7. Changes in release 4.1.17 (Not released)
D.1.8. Changes in release 4.1.16 (29 November 2005)
D.1.9. Changes in release 4.1.15 (13 October 2005)
D.1.10. Changes in release 4.1.14 (17 August 2005)
D.1.11. Changes in release 4.1.13 (15 July 2005)
D.1.12. Changes in release 4.1.12 (13 May 2005)
D.1.13. Changes in release 4.1.11 (01 April 2005)
D.1.14. Changes in release 4.1.10 (12 February 2005)
D.1.15. Changes in release 4.1.9 (11 January 2005)
D.1.16. Changes in release 4.1.8 (14 December 2004)
D.1.17. Changes in release 4.1.7 (23 October 2004: Production)
D.1.18. Changes in release 4.1.6 (10 October 2004)
D.1.19. Changes in release 4.1.5 (16 September 2004)
D.1.20. Changes in release 4.1.4 (26 August 2004: Gamma)
D.1.21. Changes in release 4.1.3 (28 June 2004: Beta)
D.1.22. Changes in release 4.1.2 (28 May 2004)
D.1.23. Changes in release 4.1.1 (01 December 2003)
D.1.24. Changes in release 4.1.0 (03 April 2003: Alpha)
D.2. Changes in release 4.0.x
D.2.1. Changes in release 4.0.29 (11 January 2007)
D.2.2. Changes in release 4.0.28 (Not released)
D.2.3. Changes in release 4.0.27 (06 May 2006)
D.2.4. Changes in release 4.0.26 (08 September 2005)
D.2.5. Changes in release 4.0.25 (05 July 2005)
D.2.6. Changes in release 4.0.24 (04 March 2005)
D.2.7. Changes in release 4.0.23 (18 December 2004)
D.2.8. Changes in release 4.0.22 (27 October 2004)
D.2.9. Changes in release 4.0.21 (06 September 2004)
D.2.10. Changes in release 4.0.20 (17 May 2004)
D.2.11. Changes in release 4.0.19 (04 May 2004)
D.2.12. Changes in release 4.0.18 (12 February 2004)
D.2.13. Changes in release 4.0.17 (14 December 2003)
D.2.14. Changes in release 4.0.16 (17 October 2003)
D.2.15. Changes in release 4.0.15 (03 September 2003)
D.2.16. Changes in release 4.0.14 (18 July 2003)
D.2.17. Changes in release 4.0.13 (16 May 2003)
D.2.18. Changes in release 4.0.12 (15 March 2003: Production)
D.2.19. Changes in release 4.0.11 (20 February 2003)
D.2.20. Changes in release 4.0.10 (29 January 2003)
D.2.21. Changes in release 4.0.9 (09 January 2003)
D.2.22. Changes in release 4.0.8 (07 January 2003)
D.2.23. Changes in release 4.0.7 (20 December 2002)
D.2.24. Changes in release 4.0.6 (14 December 2002: Gamma)
D.2.25. Changes in release 4.0.5 (13 November 2002)
D.2.26. Changes in release 4.0.4 (29 September 2002)
D.2.27. Changes in release 4.0.3 (26 August 2002: Beta)
D.2.28. Changes in release 4.0.2 (01 July 2002)
D.2.29. Changes in release 4.0.1 (23 December 2001)
D.2.30. Changes in release 4.0.0 (October 2001: Alpha)
D.3. Changes in release 3.23.x
D.3.1. Changes in release 3.23.59 (Not yet released)
D.3.2. Changes in release 3.23.58 (11 September 2003)
D.3.3. Changes in release 3.23.57 (06 June 2003)
D.3.4. Changes in release 3.23.56 (13 March 2003)
D.3.5. Changes in release 3.23.55 (23 January 2003)
D.3.6. Changes in release 3.23.54 (05 December 2002)
D.3.7. Changes in release 3.23.53 (09 October 2002)
D.3.8. Changes in release 3.23.52 (14 August 2002)
D.3.9. Changes in release 3.23.51 (31 May 2002)
D.3.10. Changes in release 3.23.50 (21 April 2002)
D.3.11. Changes in release 3.23.49 (14 February 2002)
D.3.12. Changes in release 3.23.48 (07 February 2002)
D.3.13. Changes in release 3.23.47 (27 December 2001)
D.3.14. Changes in release 3.23.46 (29 November 2001)
D.3.15. Changes in release 3.23.45 (22 November 2001)
D.3.16. Changes in release 3.23.44 (31 October 2001)
D.3.17. Changes in release 3.23.43 (04 October 2001)
D.3.18. Changes in release 3.23.42 (08 September 2001)
D.3.19. Changes in release 3.23.41 (11 August 2001)
D.3.20. Changes in release 3.23.40 (18 July 2001)
D.3.21. Changes in release 3.23.39 (12 June 2001)
D.3.22. Changes in release 3.23.38 (09 May 2001)
D.3.23. Changes in release 3.23.37 (17 April 2001)
D.3.24. Changes in release 3.23.36 (27 March 2001)
D.3.25. Changes in release 3.23.35 (15 March 2001)
D.3.26. Changes in release 3.23.34a (11 March 2001)
D.3.27. Changes in release 3.23.34 (10 March 2001)
D.3.28. Changes in release 3.23.33 (09 February 2001)
D.3.29. Changes in release 3.23.32 (22 January 2001)
D.3.30. Changes in release 3.23.31 (17 January 2001: Production)
D.3.31. Changes in release 3.23.30 (04 January 2001)
D.3.32. Changes in release 3.23.29 (16 December 2000)
D.3.33. Changes in release 3.23.28 (22 November 2000: Gamma)
D.3.34. Changes in release 3.23.27 (24 October 2000)
D.3.35. Changes in release 3.23.26 (18 October 2000)
D.3.36. Changes in release 3.23.25 (29 September 2000)
D.3.37. Changes in release 3.23.24 (08 September 2000)
D.3.38. Changes in release 3.23.23 (01 September 2000)
D.3.39. Changes in release 3.23.22 (31 July 2000)
D.3.40. Changes in release 3.23.21 (04 July 2000)
D.3.41. Changes in release 3.23.20 (28 June 2000: Beta)
D.3.42. Changes in release 3.23.19
D.3.43. Changes in release 3.23.18 (11 June 2000)
D.3.44. Changes in release 3.23.17 (07 June 2000)
D.3.45. Changes in release 3.23.16 (16 May 2000)
D.3.46. Changes in release 3.23.15 (08 May 2000)
D.3.47. Changes in release 3.23.14 (09 April 2000)
D.3.48. Changes in release 3.23.13 (14 March 2000)
D.3.49. Changes in release 3.23.12 (07 March 2000)
D.3.50. Changes in release 3.23.11 (16 February 2000)
D.3.51. Changes in release 3.23.10 (30 January 2000)
D.3.52. Changes in release 3.23.9 (29 January 2000)
D.3.53. Changes in release 3.23.8 (02 January 2000)
D.3.54. Changes in release 3.23.7 (10 December 1999)
D.3.55. Changes in release 3.23.6 (15 December 1999)
D.3.56. Changes in release 3.23.5 (20 October 1999)
D.3.57. Changes in release 3.23.4 (28 September 1999)
D.3.58. Changes in release 3.23.3 (13 September 1999)
D.3.59. Changes in release 3.23.2 (09 August 1999)
D.3.60. Changes in release 3.23.1 (08 July 1999)
D.3.61. Changes in release 3.23.0 (05 July 1999: Alpha)
D.4. Changes in InnoDB
D.4.1. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.21, September 10, 2004
D.4.2. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.4, August 31, 2004
D.4.3. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.3, June 28, 2004
D.4.4. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.2, May 30, 2004
D.4.5. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.20, May 18, 2004
D.4.6. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.19, May 4, 2004
D.4.7. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.18, February 13, 2004
D.4.8. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-5.0.0, December 24, 2003
D.4.9. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.17, December 17, 2003
D.4.10. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.1, December 4, 2003
D.4.11. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.16, October 22, 2003
D.4.12. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.58, September 15, 2003
D.4.13. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.15, September 10, 2003
D.4.14. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.14, July 22, 2003
D.4.15. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.57, June 20, 2003
D.4.16. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.13, May 20, 2003
D.4.17. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.1.0, April 3, 2003
D.4.18. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.56, March 17, 2003
D.4.19. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.12, March 18, 2003
D.4.20. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.11, February 25, 2003
D.4.21. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.10, February 4, 2003
D.4.22. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.55, January 24, 2003
D.4.23. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.9, January 14, 2003
D.4.24. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.8, January 7, 2003
D.4.25. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.7, December 26, 2002
D.4.26. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.6, December 19, 2002
D.4.27. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.54, December 12, 2002
D.4.28. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.5, November 18, 2002
D.4.29. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.53, October 9, 2002
D.4.30. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.4, October 2, 2002
D.4.31. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.3, August 28, 2002
D.4.32. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.52, August 16, 2002
D.4.33. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.2, July 10, 2002
D.4.34. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.51, June 12, 2002
D.4.35. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.50, April 23, 2002
D.4.36. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.49, February 17, 2002
D.4.37. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.48, February 9, 2002
D.4.38. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.47, December 28, 2001
D.4.39. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-4.0.1, December 23, 2001
D.4.40. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.46, November 30, 2001
D.4.41. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.45, November 23, 2001
D.4.42. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.44, November 2, 2001
D.4.43. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.43, October 4, 2001
D.4.44. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.42, September 9, 2001
D.4.45. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.41, August 13, 2001
D.4.46. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.40, July 16, 2001
D.4.47. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.39, June 13, 2001
D.4.48. Changes in MySQL/InnoDB-3.23.38, May 12, 2001
D.5. Changes in MySQL Cluster
D.5.1. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.7 (10 June 2005)
D.5.2. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.6 (26 May 2005)
D.5.3. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.5 (Not released)
D.5.4. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.4 (16 April 2005)
D.5.5. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.3 (23 March 2005: Beta)
D.5.6. Changes in MySQL Cluster-5.0.1 (27 July 2004)
D.5.7. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.13 (15 July 2005)
D.5.8. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.12 (13 May 2005)
D.5.9. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.11 (01 April 2005)
D.5.10. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.10 (12 February 2005)
D.5.11. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.9 (13 January 2005)
D.5.12. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.8 (14 December 2004)
D.5.13. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.7 (23 October 2004)
D.5.14. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.6 (10 October 2004)
D.5.15. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.5 (16 September 2004)
D.5.16. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.4 (31 August 2004)
D.5.17. Changes in MySQL Cluster-4.1.3 (28 June 2004)
D.6. MySQL Connector/ODBC (MyODBC) Change History
D.6.1. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.10 (14 December 2006)
D.6.2. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.9 (22 November 2006)
D.6.3. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.8 (17 November 2006)
D.6.4. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.7 (08 November 2006)
D.6.5. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.6 (03 November 2006)
D.6.6. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.5 (17 October 2006)
D.6.7. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.3 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 3) (20 June 2006)
D.6.8. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.2 (Never released)
D.6.9. Changes in Connector/ODBC 5.0.1 (Connector/ODBC 5.0 Alpha 2) (05 June 2006)
D.6.10. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.13 (Not yet released)
D.6.11. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.12
D.6.12. Changes in Connector/ODBC 3.51.11
D.7. Connector/NET Change History
D.7.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.4 (Not yet released)
D.7.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.3 (05 January 2007)
D.7.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.2 (06 November 2006)
D.7.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.1 (01 October 2006)
D.7.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 5.0.0 (08 August 2006)
D.7.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.9 (Not yet released)
D.7.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.8 (20 October 2006)
D.7.8. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.7 (21 November 2005)
D.7.9. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.6 (03 October 2005)
D.7.10. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.5 (29 August 2005)
D.7.11. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.4 (20 January 2005)
D.7.12. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.3-gamma (12 October 2004)
D.7.13. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.2-gamma (15 November 2004)
D.7.14. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.1-beta2 (27 October 2004)
D.7.15. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 1.0.0 (01 September 2004)
D.7.16. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.9.0 (30 August 2004)
D.7.17. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.76
D.7.18. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.75
D.7.19. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.74
D.7.20. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.71
D.7.21. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.70
D.7.22. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.68
D.7.23. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.65
D.7.24. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.60
D.7.25. Changes in MySQL Connector/NET Version 0.50
D.8. MySQL Connector/J Change History
D.8.1. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.1.x
D.8.2. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 5.0.x
D.8.3. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.1.x
D.8.4. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 3.0.x
D.8.5. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 2.0.x
D.8.6. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2b (04 July 1999)
D.8.7. Changes in MySQL Connector/J 1.2.x and lower
E. Porting to Other Systems
E.1. Debugging a MySQL Server
E.1.1. Compiling MySQL for Debugging
E.1.2. Creating Trace Files
E.1.3. Debugging mysqld under gdb
E.1.4. Using a Stack Trace
E.1.5. Using Server Logs to Find Causes of Errors in mysqld
E.1.6. Making a Test Case If You Experience Table Corruption
E.2. Debugging a MySQL Client
E.3. The DBUG Package
E.4. Comments about RTS Threads
E.5. Differences Between Thread Packages
F. Environment Variables
G. Regular Expressions
H. Limits in MySQL
H.1. Limits of Joins
I. Feature Restrictions
I.1. Restrictions on Subqueries
J. GNU General Public License
K. MySQL FLOSS License Exception
Index

List of Examples

18.1. Obtaining a connection from the DriverManager
18.2. Using java.sql.Statement to execute a SELECT query
18.3. Stored Procedures
18.4. Using Connection.prepareCall()
18.5. Registering output parameters
18.6. Setting CallableStatement input parameters
18.7. Retrieving results and output parameter values
18.8. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using Statement.getGeneratedKeys()
18.9. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values using SELECT LAST_INSERT_ID()
18.10. Retrieving AUTO_INCREMENT column values in Updatable ResultSets
18.11. Using a connection pool with a J2EE application server
18.12. Example of transaction with retry logic