Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions

Setting or Resetting Miscellaneous Printer Definitions
Prev	Chapter 4. Administering Printers (Tasks)	Next

The following procedures provide step-by-step instructions on setting or resetting printer definitions. Some of the following printer definitions can be set by using Solaris Print Manager. The following procedures show how to use the LP print service commands to quickly set or reset printer definitions.

How to Add a Printer Description

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Add a printer description.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -D "comment"
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer for which you are adding a description.

D "comment"

Specifies the characteristics of the printer, such as the location or administrative contact. Enclose characters that the shell might interpret, such as *, ?, \, !, ^, in single quotation marks.

For more information, see the lpadmin ( 1M ) man page.

The printer description is added in the print server's /etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /comment file.
Verify that the Description information is correct.
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```

Example 4.6. Adding a Printer Description

The following example shows how to add a printer description for the printer luna.

# lpadmin -p luna -D "Nathans office"

Setting Up a Default Printer Destination

You can specify a default printer destination for a user so that the user does not need to type the printer name when using the print commands. Before you can designate a printer as the default, the printer must be known to the print service on the system. You can set a user's default printer destination by setting any of the following:

LPDEST environment variable
PRINTER environment variable
The _default variable in the user's .PRINTERS file
The system's default printer by using the lpadmin d command or Solaris Print Manager

When an application provides a printer destination, that destination is used by the print service, regardless of whether you have set a system's default printer destination. If an application doesn't provide a printer destination or if you don't provide a printer name when using a print command, the print command searches for the default printer in a specific order. The following table shows the search order for a system's default printer destination.

Table 4.1. Search Order for Default Printer Destinations

Search Order	Using /usr/bin/lp Command	Using lpd-Based Compatibility Commands (lpr, lpq, and lprm)
First	`LPDEST` variable	`PRINTER` variable
Second	`PRINTER` variable	`LPDEST` variable
Third	System's default printer	System's default printer

How to Set a System's Default Printer Destination

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the system where you want to set a default printer.
Set the system's default printer.
```
# lpadmin -d [printer-name]
```
-d printer-name specifies the name of the printer you are assigning as the system's default printer. If you don't specify printer-name, the system is set up with no default printer.

The default printer name is specififed in the system's /etc/lp/default file.
Check the system's default printer.
```
# lpstat -d
```

Example 4.7. Setting a System's Default Printer Destination

The following example shows how to set the printer luna as the system's default printer. The printer luna is used as the system's default printer if the LPDEST or the PRINTER environment variables are not set.

# lpadmin -d luna
# lpstat -d
system default destination: luna

Printing Banner Pages

A banner page identifies who submitted the print request, the print request ID, and when the request was printed. A banner page also has a modifiable title to help users identify their printouts.

Banner pages make identifying the owner of a print job easy, which is especially helpful when many users submit jobs to the same printer. However, printing banner pages uses more paper and might be unnecessary if a printer has only a few users. In some cases, printing banner pages is undesirable. For example, if a printer has special paper or forms mounted, such as paycheck forms, printing banner pages might cause problems.

By default, the print service forces banner pages to be printed. However, you can give users a choice to turn off printing of a banner page when they submit a print request. You can set this choice through the lpadmin command or through Solaris Print Manager. If you give the users a choice, they have to use the o banner option to turn off banner page printing.

Also, if you don't need or want banner pages, you can turn off banner pages so that they are never printed. You can turn off banner page printing by using the lpadmin command or through Solaris Print Manager.

Table 4.2. Banner Page Printing

Command Used	Banner Page Printing	Override?
lpadmin -p `printer` `o banner` OR lpadmin -p `printer` `o banner=always`	Required and printed	If you are a regular user and use p -o nobanner, the request is printed. However, the `nobanner` argument is ignored. If you are superuser (`root`), or another privileged user, the `nobanner` argument is honored.
lpadmin -p `printer` `o nobanner` lpadmin -p `printer` `o banner=optional`	On by default, but can be disabled on a per request basis with the lp -o nobanner command	Not applicable.
lpadmin -p `printer` `o banner=never`	Disabled	No.

Command Used

Banner Page Printing

Override?

lpadmin -p printer o banner OR

lpadmin -p printer o banner=always

Required and printed

If you are a regular user and use p -o nobanner, the request is printed. However, the nobanner argument is ignored.

If you are superuser (root), or another privileged user, the nobanner argument is honored.

lpadmin -p printer o nobanner

lpadmin -p printer o banner=optional

On by default, but can be disabled on a per request basis with the lp -o nobanner command

Not applicable.

lpadmin -p printer o banner=never

Disabled

No.

For step-by-step command-line instructions, see How to Turn Off Banner Pages and How to Make Banner Pages Optional.

How to Make Banner Pages Optional

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Make banner pages optional.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -o banner=optional
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer for which you are making banner pages optional.

o banner=optional

Enables users to specify no banner page when they submit a print request.

If you want to force a banner page to print with every print request, specify the o banner=always option. The banner page setting is specified in the print server's /etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /configuration file.
Verify that the banner page is optional. The command output contains the line Banner not required.
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```

Example 4.8. Making Banner Pages Optional

The following example shows how to make the banner page optional on the printer luna.

# lpadmin -p luna -o banner=optional

How to Turn Off Banner Pages

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Turn off banner printing.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -o banner=never
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer for which you are turning off banner pages.

o banner=never

Disables banner page printing under all circumstances.

The banner page setting is specified in the print server's /etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /configuration file.
Verify that banner printing is turned off.
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```
The command output contains the line Banner not printed.
Submit a print request to the printer to ensure that a banner page does not print.

Example 4.9. Turning Off Printing Banner Pages

The following example shows how to disable the printing of banner pages on the printer luna.

# lpadmin -p luna -o banner=never

Setting Up Printer Classes

The LP print service enables you to group several locally attached printers into one class. You can perform this task only by using the lpadmin c command.

After you set up a printer class, users can then specify that class, rather than individual printers, as the destination for a print request. The first printer in the class that is available to print is used. The result is faster turnaround because printers are kept as busy as possible.

No default printer classes are known to the print service. Printer classes exist only if you define them. Here are some ways you could define printer classes:

By printer type – For example, a PostScript printer.
By location – For example, a printer located on the 5th floor.
By work group or department – For example, the accounting department.

Alternatively, a class might contain several printers that are used in a particular order. The LP print service always checks for an available printer in the order in which printers were added to a class. Therefore, if you want a high-speed printer to be accessed first, add the high-speed printer to the class before you add a low-speed printer. As a result, the high-speed printer handles as many print requests as possible. The low-speed printer is reserved as a backup printer when the high-speed printer is in use.

Note

Print requests are balanced between printers in a class only for local printers.

Class names, similar to printer names, must be unique and can contain a maximum of 14 alphanumeric characters and underscores.

You are not obligated to define printer classes. You should add printer classesonly if you determine that using them would benefit users on the network.

How to Define a Class of Printers

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Define a class of printers.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -c printer-class
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer you are adding to a class of printers.

c printer-class

Specifies the name of a class of printers.

The specified printer is added to the end of the class list in the print server's /etc/lp/classes/ printer-class file. If the printer class does not exist, it is created.
Verify that the printers are in a printer class.
```
# lpstat -c printer-class
```

Example 4.10. Defining a Class of Printers

The following example shows how to add the printer luna in the printer class roughdrafts.

# lpadmin -p luna -c roughdrafts

Setting Up Printer Fault Alerts

If you choose, the LP print service can notify you when it detects a printer fault. With the lpadmin A command or with Solaris Print Manager, you can select any of the following methods to receive printer fault notification:

A message to the terminal on which root is logged in
Electronic mail to root
No notification

However, the lpadmin A command offers you an additional option of receiving a message specified by the program of your choice. The lpadmin A command also enables you to selectively turn off notification for an error that you already know about.

Unless you specify a program to deliver fault notification, the content of the fault alert is a predefined message that states that the printer has stopped printing and needs to be fixed.

The following table lists the alert values that you can set for a printer with the lpadmin A command. These alert values can also be set for print wheels, font cartridges, and forms.

Table 4.3. Values for Printer Fault Alerts

Value for `A` `alert`	Description
'`mail` [`username`]'	Sends the alert message by email to `root` or `lp` on the print server, or the specified `username`, which is a name of a user.
'`write` [`user-name`]'	Sends the alert message to the `root` or `lp` console window on the print server, or to the console window of the specified `username`, which is a name of a user. The specified user must be logged in to the print server to get the alert message.
'`command`'	Runs the specified `command` file for each alert. The environment variables and current directory are saved and restored when the file is executed.
`quiet`	Stops alerts until the fault is fixed. Use this valve when you, `root` or a specified user, receive repeated alerts.
`none`	Does not send any alerts. This value is the default if you don't specify fault alerts for a printer.

How to Set Fault Alerts for a Printer

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Set fault alerts for a printer.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -A alert [-W minutes]
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer for which you are specifying an alert for printer faults.

A alert

Specifies what kind of alert occurs when the printer faults. For detailed information about the valid values for alert, see Table 4–3. Some valid values are mail, write, and quiet.

W minutes

Specifies how often, in minutes, the fault alert occurs. If you don't specify this option, the alert is sent one time.

The fault alert setting is specified in the print server's /etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /alert.sh file.
Verify that the fault alert has been sent properly.
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```

Example 4.11. Setting Fault Alerts for a Printer

The following example shows how to set up the printer mars to send fault alerts by email to a user named joe. A reminder is sent every 5 minutes.

# lpadmin -p mars -A 'mail joe' -W 5

The following example shows how to set up the printer venus to send fault alerts to the console window. A reminder i sent every 10 minutes.

# lpadmin -p venus -A write -W 10

The following example shows how to stop fault alerts for the printer mercury.

# lpadmin -p mercury -A none

The following example shows how to stop fault alerts until the printer venus has been fixed.

# lpadmin -p venus -A quiet

Setting Up Printer Fault Recovery

If you choose not to send any fault notification, you can still find out about printer faults so that you can correct the problem. The LP print service will not continue to use a printer that has a fault. In addition to alerts for printer faults, you can also provide alerts that instruct you to mount print wheels, font cartridges, and forms when print requests require them.

You can define the fault recovery options for a printer only by using the lpadmin F command. This task is not available in Solaris Print Manager.

Printer faults can be as simple as running out of paper or needing to replace a toner cartridge. Other more serious problems can include complete printer failure or power failure. After you fix a printer fault, the print request that was active when the fault occurred begins printing in one of three ways:

Starts printing from the beginning
Continues printing from the top of the page where printing stopped
After you enable the printer, continues printing from the top of the page where the printing stopped

The LP print service requires a separate print filter to continue printing from the top of a page where the printing stopped. This print filter records the control sequences set by the default print filters. The printer uses these control sequences to track page boundaries. You will be notified by the LP print service if recovery cannot proceed with the specified print filter. For information about writing filters, see How to Create a New Print Filter.

If you want printing to resume immediately after a printer fault is fixed, enable the printer by using the enable command.

The following table lists the fault recovery values that you can set for a printer by using the lpadmin F command.

Table 4.4. Values for Printer Fault Recovery

Value for `F` `recover-options`	Description
`beginning`	After a fault recovery, printing restarts from the beginning of the file.
`continue`	After a fault recovery, printing starts at the top of the page where the printing stopped. This recovery option requires a print filter.
`wait`	After a fault recovery, printing stops until you enable the printer. After you enable the printer by using the enable command, printing starts at the top of the page where printing stopped. This recovery option requires a print filter.

How to Set Printer Fault Recovery

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Set up fault recovery for the printer.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -F recovery-options
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer for which you are specifying fault recovery.

F recovery-options

Specifies one of the three valid recovery options: beginning, continue, or wait.

For detailed information about the valid values for recovery-options, see Table 4–4.

For more information, see the lpadmin ( 1M ) man page.

The fault recovery setting is specified in the print server's /etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /configuration file.
Verify that printer fault recovery has been set up properly.
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```

Example 4.12. Setting Printer Fault Recovery

The following example shows how to set up the printer luna to continue printing at the top of the page where printing stopped.

# lpadmin -p luna -F continue

Limiting User Access to a Printer

You can control which users can access some printers or all of the available printers. For example, you can prevent some users from printing on a high-quality printer to minimize expense. To restrict user access to printers, you create allow and deny lists by using the lpadmin u command on the print server. Solaris Print Manager enables you to create only allow lists. If you create neither list, a printer is available to all users who can access the printer.

An allow list contains the names of users who are allowed access to the specified printer. A deny list contains the names of users denied access to the specified printer.

The rules for allow and deny lists are explained in the following table:

Allow and Deny List Rule	User Consequence
Do not create `allow` and `deny` lists. Or, if you leave both lists empty.	All users can access the printer.
Specify `all` in the `allow` list.	All users can access the printer.
Specify `all` in the `deny` list	All users, except `root` and `lp` user on the server, are denied access to the printer.
Make any entry in the `allow` list.	The `deny` list is ignored. Only users who are listed can access the printer.
Create a deny list, but you do not create an `allow` list or you leave the `allow` list empty.	Users who are listed in the `deny` list are denied access to the printer.

Because the print server is responsible for controlling access to the printer, allow and deny lists can only be created on the print server. If you create allow and deny lists, the print server will exclusively control user access to printers.

The following table lists the values that you can add to an allow list or a deny list to limit user access to a printer.

Table 4.5. Values for Allow and Deny Lists

Value for `user-list`	Description
`user`	`User` on any system
`all`	All users on all systems
`none`	No user on any system
`system` `!` `user`	`User` on `system` only
`!` `user`	`User` on local system only
`all!` `user`	`User` on any system
`all!all`	All users on all systems
`system` `!all`	All users on `system`
`!all`	All users on local system

How to Limit User Access to a Printer

Log in as superuser, lp, or assume an equivalent role on the print server.
Allow or deny users access to a printer.
```
# lpadmin -p printer-name -u allow:user-list [deny:user-list]
```
p printer-name

Specifies the name of the printer to which the allow or deny access list applies.

u allow: user-list

Specifies the user names to be added to the allow access list. You can specify multiple user names with this command. Use a space or a comma to separate names. If you use spaces, enclose the list of names in quotation marks.

Table 4–5 provides the valid values for user-list.

u deny: user-list

Specifies user names to be added to the deny user access list. You can specify multiple user names with this command. Use a space or a comma to separate names. If you use spaces, enclose the list of names in quotation marks.

Table 4–5 provides the valid values for user-list.

The specified users are added to the allow or deny list for the printer in one of the following files on the print server:

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /users.allow

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /users.deny

Note

If you specify none as the value for user-list in the allow list, the following files are not created on the print server:

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /alert.sh

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /alert.var

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /users.allow

/etc/lp/printers/ printer-name /users.deny
Verify that information is correct under the Users allowed or the Users denied heading in the following command output:
```
# lpstat -p printer-name -l
```

Example 4.13. Limiting User Access to a Printer

The following example shows how to allow only the users nathan and george access to the printer luna.

# lpadmin -p luna -u allow:nathan,george

The following example shows how to deny the users nathan and george access to the printer asteroid.

# lpadmin -p asteroid -u deny:"nathan george"