| | |
|
_ | |
|
__future__ |
Future statement definitions |
|
__main__ |
The environment where the top-level script is run. |
|
_dummy_thread |
Drop-in replacement for the _thread module. |
|
_thread |
Low-level threading API. |
| | |
|
a | |
|
abc |
Abstract base classes according to PEP 3119. |
|
aifc |
Read and write audio files in AIFF or AIFC format. |
|
argparse |
Command-line option and argument parsing library. |
|
array |
Space efficient arrays of uniformly typed numeric values. |
|
ast |
Abstract Syntax Tree classes and manipulation. |
|
asynchat |
Support for asynchronous command/response protocols. |
|
asyncio |
Asynchronous I/O, event loop, coroutines and tasks. |
|
asyncore |
A base class for developing asynchronous socket handling
services. |
|
atexit |
Register and execute cleanup functions. |
|
audioop |
Manipulate raw audio data. |
| | |
|
b | |
|
base64 |
RFC 3548: Base16, Base32, Base64 Data Encodings;
Base85 and Ascii85 |
|
bdb |
Debugger framework. |
|
binascii |
Tools for converting between binary and various ASCII-encoded binary
representations. |
|
binhex |
Encode and decode files in binhex4 format. |
|
bisect |
Array bisection algorithms for binary searching. |
|
builtins |
The module that provides the built-in namespace. |
|
bz2 |
Interfaces for bzip2 compression and decompression. |
| | |
|
c | |
|
calendar |
Functions for working with calendars, including some emulation
of the Unix cal program. |
|
cgi |
Helpers for running Python scripts via the Common Gateway Interface. |
|
cgitb |
Configurable traceback handler for CGI scripts. |
|
chunk |
Module to read IFF chunks. |
|
cmath |
Mathematical functions for complex numbers. |
|
cmd |
Build line-oriented command interpreters. |
|
code |
Facilities to implement read-eval-print loops. |
|
codecs |
Encode and decode data and streams. |
|
codeop |
Compile (possibly incomplete) Python code. |
 |
collections |
Container datatypes |
|
collections.abc |
Abstract base classes for containers |
|
colorsys |
Conversion functions between RGB and other color systems. |
|
compileall |
Tools for byte-compiling all Python source files in a directory tree. |
|
concurrent |
|
|
concurrent.futures |
Execute computations concurrently using threads or processes. |
|
configparser |
Configuration file parser. |
|
contextlib |
Utilities for with-statement contexts. |
|
copy |
Shallow and deep copy operations. |
|
copyreg |
Register pickle support functions. |
|
cProfile |
|
|
crypt (Unix) |
The crypt() function used to check Unix passwords. |
|
csv |
Write and read tabular data to and from delimited files. |
|
ctypes |
A foreign function library for Python. |
|
curses (Unix) |
An interface to the curses library, providing portable
terminal handling. |
|
curses.ascii |
Constants and set-membership functions for ASCII characters. |
|
curses.panel |
A panel stack extension that adds depth to curses windows. |
|
curses.textpad |
Emacs-like input editing in a curses window. |
| | |
|
d | |
|
datetime |
Basic date and time types. |
|
dbm |
Interfaces to various Unix "database" formats. |
|
dbm.dumb |
Portable implementation of the simple DBM interface. |
|
dbm.gnu (Unix) |
GNU's reinterpretation of dbm. |
|
dbm.ndbm (Unix) |
The standard "database" interface, based on ndbm. |
|
decimal |
Implementation of the General Decimal Arithmetic Specification. |
|
difflib |
Helpers for computing differences between objects. |
|
dis |
Disassembler for Python bytecode. |
|
distutils |
Support for building and installing Python modules into an
existing Python installation. |
|
distutils.archive_util |
Utility functions for creating archive files (tarballs, zip files, ...) |
|
distutils.bcppcompiler |
|
|
distutils.ccompiler |
Abstract CCompiler class |
|
distutils.cmd |
This module provides the abstract base class Command. This class
is subclassed by the modules in the distutils.command subpackage. |
|
distutils.command |
This subpackage contains one module for each standard Distutils command. |
|
distutils.command.bdist |
Build a binary installer for a package |
|
distutils.command.bdist_dumb |
Build a "dumb" installer - a simple archive of files |
|
distutils.command.bdist_msi |
Build a binary distribution as a Windows MSI file |
|
distutils.command.bdist_packager |
Abstract base class for packagers |
|
distutils.command.bdist_rpm |
Build a binary distribution as a Redhat RPM and SRPM |
|
distutils.command.bdist_wininst |
Build a Windows installer |
|
distutils.command.build |
Build all files of a package |
|
distutils.command.build_clib |
Build any C libraries in a package |
|
distutils.command.build_ext |
Build any extensions in a package |
|
distutils.command.build_py |
Build the .py/.pyc files of a package |
|
distutils.command.build_scripts |
Build the scripts of a package |
|
distutils.command.check |
Check the metadata of a package |
|
distutils.command.clean |
Clean a package build area |
|
distutils.command.config |
Perform package configuration |
|
distutils.command.install |
Install a package |
|
distutils.command.install_data |
Install data files from a package |
|
distutils.command.install_headers |
Install C/C++ header files from a package |
|
distutils.command.install_lib |
Install library files from a package |
|
distutils.command.install_scripts |
Install script files from a package |
|
distutils.command.register |
Register a module with the Python Package Index |
|
distutils.command.sdist |
Build a source distribution |
|
distutils.core |
The core Distutils functionality |
|
distutils.cygwinccompiler |
|
|
distutils.debug |
Provides the debug flag for distutils |
|
distutils.dep_util |
Utility functions for simple dependency checking |
|
distutils.dir_util |
Utility functions for operating on directories and directory trees |
|
distutils.dist |
Provides the Distribution class, which represents the module distribution being
built/installed/distributed |
|
distutils.errors |
Provides standard distutils exceptions |
|
distutils.extension |
Provides the Extension class, used to describe C/C++ extension modules in setup
scripts |
|
distutils.fancy_getopt |
Additional getopt functionality |
|
distutils.file_util |
Utility functions for operating on single files |
|
distutils.filelist |
The FileList class, used for poking about the file system and
building lists of files. |
|
distutils.log |
A simple logging mechanism, 282-style |
|
distutils.msvccompiler |
Microsoft Compiler |
|
distutils.spawn |
Provides the spawn() function |
|
distutils.sysconfig |
Low-level access to configuration information of the Python interpreter. |
|
distutils.text_file |
provides the TextFile class, a simple interface to text files |
|
distutils.unixccompiler |
UNIX C Compiler |
|
distutils.util |
Miscellaneous other utility functions |
|
distutils.version |
implements classes that represent module version numbers. |
|
doctest |
Test pieces of code within docstrings. |
|
dummy_threading |
Drop-in replacement for the threading module. |
| | |
|
e | |
|
email |
Package supporting the parsing, manipulating, and generating
email messages, including MIME documents. |
|
email.charset |
Character Sets |
|
email.contentmanager |
Storing and Retrieving Content from MIME Parts |
|
email.encoders |
Encoders for email message payloads. |
|
email.errors |
The exception classes used by the email package. |
|
email.generator |
Generate flat text email messages from a message structure. |
|
email.header |
Representing non-ASCII headers |
|
email.headerregistry |
Automatic Parsing of headers based on the field name |
|
email.iterators |
Iterate over a message object tree. |
|
email.message |
The base class representing email messages. |
|
email.mime |
Build MIME messages. |
|
email.parser |
Parse flat text email messages to produce a message object structure. |
|
email.policy |
Controlling the parsing and generating of messages |
|
email.utils |
Miscellaneous email package utilities. |
|
encodings |
|
|
encodings.idna |
Internationalized Domain Names implementation |
|
encodings.mbcs |
Windows ANSI codepage |
|
encodings.utf_8_sig |
UTF-8 codec with BOM signature |
|
ensurepip |
Bootstrapping the "pip" installer into an existing Python
installation or virtual environment. |
|
enum |
Implementation of an enumeration class. |
|
errno |
Standard errno system symbols. |
| | |
|
f | |
|
faulthandler |
Dump the Python traceback. |
|
fcntl (Unix) |
The fcntl() and ioctl() system calls. |
|
filecmp |
Compare files efficiently. |
|
fileinput |
Loop over standard input or a list of files. |
|
fnmatch |
Unix shell style filename pattern matching. |
|
formatter | Deprecated:
Generic output formatter and device interface. |
|
fpectl (Unix) |
Provide control for floating point exception handling. |
|
fractions |
Rational numbers. |
|
ftplib |
FTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
functools |
Higher-order functions and operations on callable objects. |
| | |
|
g | |
|
gc |
Interface to the cycle-detecting garbage collector. |
|
getopt |
Portable parser for command line options; support both short and
long option names. |
|
getpass |
Portable reading of passwords and retrieval of the userid. |
|
gettext |
Multilingual internationalization services. |
|
glob |
Unix shell style pathname pattern expansion. |
|
grp (Unix) |
The group database (getgrnam() and friends). |
|
gzip |
Interfaces for gzip compression and decompression using file objects. |
| | |
|
h | |
|
hashlib |
Secure hash and message digest algorithms. |
|
heapq |
Heap queue algorithm (a.k.a. priority queue). |
|
hmac |
Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication (HMAC) implementation |
|
html |
Helpers for manipulating HTML. |
|
html.entities |
Definitions of HTML general entities. |
|
html.parser |
A simple parser that can handle HTML and XHTML. |
|
http |
|
|
http.client |
HTTP and HTTPS protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
http.cookiejar |
Classes for automatic handling of HTTP cookies. |
|
http.cookies |
Support for HTTP state management (cookies). |
|
http.server |
HTTP server and request handlers. |
| | |
|
i | |
|
imaplib |
IMAP4 protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
imghdr |
Determine the type of image contained in a file or byte stream. |
|
imp | Deprecated:
Access the implementation of the import statement. |
|
importlib |
The implementation of the import machinery. |
|
importlib.abc |
Abstract base classes related to import |
|
importlib.machinery |
Importers and path hooks |
|
importlib.util |
Utility code for importers |
|
inspect |
Extract information and source code from live objects. |
|
io |
Core tools for working with streams. |
|
ipaddress |
IPv4/IPv6 manipulation library. |
|
itertools |
Functions creating iterators for efficient looping. |
| | |
|
j | |
|
json |
Encode and decode the JSON format. |
| | |
|
k | |
|
keyword |
Test whether a string is a keyword in Python. |
| | |
|
l | |
|
lib2to3 |
the 2to3 library |
|
linecache |
This module provides random access to individual lines from text files. |
|
locale |
Internationalization services. |
|
logging |
Flexible event logging system for applications. |
|
logging.config |
Configuration of the logging module. |
|
logging.handlers |
Handlers for the logging module. |
|
lzma |
A Python wrapper for the liblzma compression library. |
| | |
|
m | |
|
macpath |
Mac OS 9 path manipulation functions. |
|
mailbox |
Manipulate mailboxes in various formats |
|
mailcap |
Mailcap file handling. |
|
marshal |
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back (with different
constraints). |
|
math |
Mathematical functions (sin() etc.). |
|
mimetypes |
Mapping of filename extensions to MIME types. |
|
mmap |
Interface to memory-mapped files for Unix and Windows. |
|
modulefinder |
Find modules used by a script. |
|
msilib (Windows) |
Creation of Microsoft Installer files, and CAB files. |
|
msvcrt (Windows) |
Miscellaneous useful routines from the MS VC++ runtime. |
|
multiprocessing |
Process-based parallelism. |
|
multiprocessing.connection |
API for dealing with sockets. |
|
multiprocessing.dummy |
Dumb wrapper around threading. |
|
multiprocessing.managers |
Share data between process with shared objects. |
|
multiprocessing.pool |
Create pools of processes. |
|
multiprocessing.sharedctypes |
Allocate ctypes objects from shared memory. |
| | |
|
n | |
|
netrc |
Loading of .netrc files. |
|
nis (Unix) |
Interface to Sun's NIS (Yellow Pages) library. |
|
nntplib |
NNTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
numbers |
Numeric abstract base classes (Complex, Real, Integral, etc.). |
| | |
|
o | |
|
operator |
Functions corresponding to the standard operators. |
|
optparse | Deprecated:
Command-line option parsing library. |
|
os |
Miscellaneous operating system interfaces. |
|
os.path |
Operations on pathnames. |
|
ossaudiodev (Linux, FreeBSD) |
Access to OSS-compatible audio devices. |
| | |
|
p | |
|
parser |
Access parse trees for Python source code. |
|
pathlib |
Object-oriented filesystem paths |
|
pdb |
The Python debugger for interactive interpreters. |
|
pickle |
Convert Python objects to streams of bytes and back. |
|
pickletools |
Contains extensive comments about the pickle protocols and
pickle-machine opcodes, as well as some useful functions. |
|
pipes (Unix) |
A Python interface to Unix shell pipelines. |
|
pkgutil |
Utilities for the import system. |
|
platform |
Retrieves as much platform identifying data as possible. |
|
plistlib |
Generate and parse Mac OS X plist files. |
|
poplib |
POP3 protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
posix (Unix) |
The most common POSIX system calls (normally used via module os). |
|
pprint |
Data pretty printer. |
|
profile |
Python source profiler. |
|
pstats |
Statistics object for use with the profiler. |
|
pty (Linux) |
Pseudo-Terminal Handling for Linux. |
|
pwd (Unix) |
The password database (getpwnam() and friends). |
|
py_compile |
Generate byte-code files from Python source files. |
|
pyclbr |
Supports information extraction for a Python class browser. |
|
pydoc |
Documentation generator and online help system. |
| | |
|
q | |
|
queue |
A synchronized queue class. |
|
quopri |
Encode and decode files using the MIME quoted-printable encoding. |
| | |
|
r | |
|
random |
Generate pseudo-random numbers with various common distributions. |
|
re |
Regular expression operations. |
|
readline (Unix) |
GNU readline support for Python. |
|
reprlib |
Alternate repr() implementation with size limits. |
|
resource (Unix) |
An interface to provide resource usage information on the current process. |
|
rlcompleter |
Python identifier completion, suitable for the GNU readline library. |
|
runpy |
Locate and run Python modules without importing them first. |
| | |
|
s | |
|
sched |
General purpose event scheduler. |
|
select |
Wait for I/O completion on multiple streams. |
|
selectors |
High-level I/O multiplexing. |
|
shelve |
Python object persistence. |
|
shlex |
Simple lexical analysis for Unix shell-like languages. |
|
shutil |
High-level file operations, including copying. |
|
signal |
Set handlers for asynchronous events. |
|
site |
Module responsible for site-specific configuration. |
|
smtpd |
A SMTP server implementation in Python. |
|
smtplib |
SMTP protocol client (requires sockets). |
|
sndhdr |
Determine type of a sound file. |
|
socket |
Low-level networking interface. |
|
socketserver |
A framework for network servers. |
|
spwd (Unix) |
The shadow password database (getspnam() and friends). |
|
sqlite3 |
A DB-API 2.0 implementation using SQLite 3.x. |
|
ssl |
TLS/SSL wrapper for socket objects |
|
stat |
Utilities for interpreting the results of os.stat(),
os.lstat() and os.fstat(). |
|
statistics |
mathematical statistics functions |
|
string |
Common string operations. |
|
stringprep |
String preparation, as per RFC 3453 |
|
struct |
Interpret bytes as packed binary data. |
|
subprocess |
Subprocess management. |
|
sunau |
Provide an interface to the Sun AU sound format. |
|
symbol |
Constants representing internal nodes of the parse tree. |
|
symtable |
Interface to the compiler's internal symbol tables. |
|
sys |
Access system-specific parameters and functions. |
|
sysconfig |
Python's configuration information |
|
syslog (Unix) |
An interface to the Unix syslog library routines. |
| | |
|
t | |
|
tabnanny |
Tool for detecting white space related problems in Python
source files in a directory tree. |
|
tarfile |
Read and write tar-format archive files. |
|
telnetlib |
Telnet client class. |
|
tempfile |
Generate temporary files and directories. |
|
termios (Unix) |
POSIX style tty control. |
|
test |
Regression tests package containing the testing suite for Python. |
|
test.support |
Support for Python's regression test suite. |
|
textwrap |
Text wrapping and filling |
|
threading |
Thread-based parallelism. |
|
time |
Time access and conversions. |
|
timeit |
Measure the execution time of small code snippets. |
|
tkinter |
Interface to Tcl/Tk for graphical user interfaces |
|
tkinter.scrolledtext (Tk) |
Text widget with a vertical scroll bar. |
|
tkinter.tix |
Tk Extension Widgets for Tkinter |
|
tkinter.ttk |
Tk themed widget set |
|
token |
Constants representing terminal nodes of the parse tree. |
|
tokenize |
Lexical scanner for Python source code. |
|
trace |
Trace or track Python statement execution. |
|
traceback |
Print or retrieve a stack traceback. |
|
tracemalloc |
Trace memory allocations. |
|
tty (Unix) |
Utility functions that perform common terminal control operations. |
|
turtle |
An educational framework for simple graphics applications |
|
turtledemo |
A viewer for example turtle scripts |
|
types |
Names for built-in types. |
| | |
|
u | |
|
unicodedata |
Access the Unicode Database. |
|
unittest |
Unit testing framework for Python. |
|
unittest.mock |
Mock object library. |
|
urllib |
|
|
urllib.error |
Exception classes raised by urllib.request. |
|
urllib.parse |
Parse URLs into or assemble them from components. |
|
urllib.request |
Extensible library for opening URLs. |
|
urllib.response |
Response classes used by urllib. |
|
urllib.robotparser |
Load a robots.txt file and answer questions about
fetchability of other URLs. |
|
uu |
Encode and decode files in uuencode format. |
|
uuid |
UUID objects (universally unique identifiers) according to RFC 4122 |
| | |
|
v | |
|
venv |
Creation of virtual environments. |
| | |
|
w | |
|
warnings |
Issue warning messages and control their disposition. |
|
wave |
Provide an interface to the WAV sound format. |
|
weakref |
Support for weak references and weak dictionaries. |
|
webbrowser |
Easy-to-use controller for Web browsers. |
|
winreg (Windows) |
Routines and objects for manipulating the Windows registry. |
|
winsound (Windows) |
Access to the sound-playing machinery for Windows. |
|
wsgiref |
WSGI Utilities and Reference Implementation. |
|
wsgiref.handlers |
WSGI server/gateway base classes. |
|
wsgiref.headers |
WSGI response header tools. |
|
wsgiref.simple_server |
A simple WSGI HTTP server. |
|
wsgiref.util |
WSGI environment utilities. |
|
wsgiref.validate |
WSGI conformance checker. |
| | |
|
x | |
|
xdrlib |
Encoders and decoders for the External Data Representation (XDR). |
|
xml |
Package containing XML processing modules |
|
xml.dom |
Document Object Model API for Python. |
|
xml.dom.minidom |
Minimal Document Object Model (DOM) implementation. |
|
xml.dom.pulldom |
Support for building partial DOM trees from SAX events. |
|
xml.etree.ElementTree |
Implementation of the ElementTree API. |
|
xml.parsers.expat |
An interface to the Expat non-validating XML parser. |
|
xml.parsers.expat.errors |
|
|
xml.parsers.expat.model |
|
|
xml.sax |
Package containing SAX2 base classes and convenience functions. |
|
xml.sax.handler |
Base classes for SAX event handlers. |
|
xml.sax.saxutils |
Convenience functions and classes for use with SAX. |
|
xml.sax.xmlreader |
Interface which SAX-compliant XML parsers must implement. |
|
xmlrpc |
|
|
xmlrpc.client |
XML-RPC client access. |
|
xmlrpc.server |
Basic XML-RPC server implementations. |
| | |
|
z | |
|
zipfile |
Read and write ZIP-format archive files. |
|
zipimport |
support for importing Python modules from ZIP archives. |
|
zlib |
Low-level interface to compression and decompression routines
compatible with gzip. |
