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      "cell_type": "code",
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        "%matplotlib inline"
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      "source": [
        "\n# Regularization path of L1- Logistic Regression\n\n\n\nTrain l1-penalized logistic regression models on a binary classification\nproblem derived from the Iris dataset.\n\nThe models are ordered from strongest regularized to least regularized. The 4\ncoefficients of the models are collected and plotted as a \"regularization\npath\": on the left-hand side of the figure (strong regularizers), all the\ncoefficients are exactly 0. When regularization gets progressively looser,\ncoefficients can get non-zero values one after the other.\n\nHere we choose the SAGA solver because it can efficiently optimize for the\nLogistic Regression loss with a non-smooth, sparsity inducing l1 penalty.\n\nAlso note that we set a low value for the tolerance to make sure that the model\nhas converged before collecting the coefficients.\n\nWe also use warm_start=True which means that the coefficients of the models are\nreused to initialize the next model fit to speed-up the computation of the\nfull-path.\n\n\n"
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      "source": [
        "print(__doc__)\n\n# Author: Alexandre Gramfort <alexandre.gramfort@inria.fr>\n# License: BSD 3 clause\n\nfrom time import time\nimport numpy as np\nimport matplotlib.pyplot as plt\n\nfrom sklearn import linear_model\nfrom sklearn import datasets\nfrom sklearn.svm import l1_min_c\n\niris = datasets.load_iris()\nX = iris.data\ny = iris.target\n\nX = X[y != 2]\ny = y[y != 2]\n\nX /= X.max()  # Normalize X to speed-up convergence\n\n# #############################################################################\n# Demo path functions\n\ncs = l1_min_c(X, y, loss='log') * np.logspace(0, 7, 16)\n\n\nprint(\"Computing regularization path ...\")\nstart = time()\nclf = linear_model.LogisticRegression(penalty='l1', solver='saga',\n                                      tol=1e-6, max_iter=int(1e6),\n                                      warm_start=True)\ncoefs_ = []\nfor c in cs:\n    clf.set_params(C=c)\n    clf.fit(X, y)\n    coefs_.append(clf.coef_.ravel().copy())\nprint(\"This took %0.3fs\" % (time() - start))\n\ncoefs_ = np.array(coefs_)\nplt.plot(np.log10(cs), coefs_, marker='o')\nymin, ymax = plt.ylim()\nplt.xlabel('log(C)')\nplt.ylabel('Coefficients')\nplt.title('Logistic Regression Path')\nplt.axis('tight')\nplt.show()"
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