A class that comes in pretty handy when dealing with JavaMail messages is
the org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper class,
which shields you from having to use the verbose JavaMail API. Using
the MimeMessageHelper it is pretty easy to
create a MimeMessage:
// of course you would use DI in any real-world cases JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); sender.setHost("mail.host.com"); MimeMessage message = sender.createMimeMessage(); MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message); helper.setTo("[email protected]"); helper.setText("Thank you for ordering!"); sender.send(message);
Multipart email messages allow for both attachments and inline resources. Examples of inline resources would be be images or a stylesheet you want to use in your message, but that you don't want displayed as an attachment.
The following example shows you how to use the
MimeMessageHelper to send an email along with a
single JPEG image attachment.
JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); sender.setHost("mail.host.com"); MimeMessage message = sender.createMimeMessage(); // use the true flag to indicate you need a multipart message MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setTo("[email protected]"); helper.setText("Check out this image!"); // let's attach the infamous windows Sample file (this time copied to c:/) FileSystemResource file = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/Sample.jpg")); helper.addAttachment("CoolImage.jpg", file); sender.send(message);
The following example shows you how to use the
MimeMessageHelper to send an email along with an
inline image.
JavaMailSenderImpl sender = new JavaMailSenderImpl(); sender.setHost("mail.host.com"); MimeMessage message = sender.createMimeMessage(); // use the true flag to indicate you need a multipart message MimeMessageHelper helper = new MimeMessageHelper(message, true); helper.setTo("[email protected]"); // use the true flag to indicate the text included is HTML helper.setText("<html><body><img src='cid:identifier1234'></body></html>", true); // let's include the infamous windows Sample file (this time copied to c:/) FileSystemResource res = new FileSystemResource(new File("c:/Sample.jpg")); helper.addInline("identifier1234", res); sender.send(message);
![[Warning]](images/warning.gif) | Warning |
|---|---|
Inline resources are added to the mime message using the
specified |
The code in the previous examples explicitly has been creating the
content of the email message, using methods calls such as
message.setText(..). This is fine for
simple cases, and it is okay in the context of the aforementioned
examples, where the intent was to show you the very basics of the API.
In your typical enterprise application though, you are not going to create the content of your emails using the above approach for a number of reasons.
Creating HTML-based email content in Java code is tedious and error prone
There is no clear separation between display logic and business logic
Changing the display structure of the email content requires writing Java code, recompiling, redeploying...
Typically the approach taken to address these issues is to use a template library such as FreeMarker or Velocity to define the display structure of email content. This leaves your code tasked only with creating the data that is to be rendered in the email template and sending the email. It is definitely a best practice for when the content of your emails becomes even moderately complex, and with the Spring Framework's support classes for FreeMarker and Velocity becomes quite easy to do. Find below an example of using the Velocity template library to create email content.
To use Velocity to create your email template(s), you will need to have the Velocity libraries available on your classpath. You will also need to create one or more Velocity templates for the email content that your application needs. Find below the Velocity template that this example will be using... as you can see it is HTML-based, and since it is plain text it can be created using your favorite HTML editor without recourse to having to know Java.
# in the com/foo/package <html> <body> <h3>Hi ${user.userName}, welcome to the Chipping Sodbury On-the-Hill message boards!</h3> <div> Your email address is <a href="mailto:${user.emailAddress}">${user.emailAddress}</a>. </div> </body> </html>
Find below some simple code and Spring XML configuration that makes use of the above Velocity template to create email content and send email(s).
package com.foo; import org.apache.velocity.app.VelocityEngine; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSender; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessageHelper; import org.springframework.mail.javamail.MimeMessagePreparator; import org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineUtils; import javax.mail.internet.MimeMessage; import java.util.HashMap; import java.util.Map; public class SimpleRegistrationService implements RegistrationService { private JavaMailSender mailSender; private VelocityEngine velocityEngine; public void setMailSender(JavaMailSender mailSender) { this.mailSender = mailSender; } public void setVelocityEngine(VelocityEngine velocityEngine) { this.velocityEngine = velocityEngine; } public void register(User user) { // Do the registration logic... sendConfirmationEmail(user); } private void sendConfirmationEmail(final User user) { MimeMessagePreparator preparator = new MimeMessagePreparator() { public void prepare(MimeMessage mimeMessage) throws Exception { MimeMessageHelper message = new MimeMessageHelper(mimeMessage); message.setTo(user.getEmailAddress()); message.setFrom("[email protected]"); // could be parameterized... Map model = new HashMap(); model.put("user", user); String text = VelocityEngineUtils.mergeTemplateIntoString( velocityEngine, "com/dns/registration-confirmation.vm", model); message.setText(text, true); } }; this.mailSender.send(preparator); } }
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <beans xmlns="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans http://www.springframework.org/schema/beans/spring-beans-3.0.xsd"> <bean id="mailSender" class="org.springframework.mail.javamail.JavaMailSenderImpl"> <property name="host" value="mail.csonth.gov.uk"/> </bean> <bean id="registrationService" class="com.foo.SimpleRegistrationService"> <property name="mailSender" ref="mailSender"/> <property name="velocityEngine" ref="velocityEngine"/> </bean> <bean id="velocityEngine" class="org.springframework.ui.velocity.VelocityEngineFactoryBean"> <property name="velocityProperties"> <value> resource.loader=class class.resource.loader.class=org.apache.velocity.runtime.resource.loader.ClasspathResourceLoader </value> </property> </bean> </beans>