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Found in: examples\Base\Timers\BasicTimer
/ BasicTimer.cpp
//
// Copyright (C) Symbian Software Ltd 2000-2005. All rights reserved.
// Show how RTimer, the basic timer class, works
#include "CommonFramework.h"
void showTime(TTime aTime)
{
// Format time, using system default locale settings
// and then print the time using system default time
// separator character (':') in 24 hour clock format.
TBuf<40> timeString; // Holds the formatted date and time
_LIT(KFormat1,"%:0%H%:1%T%:2%S%:3");
aTime.FormatL(timeString,KFormat1);
_LIT(KFormat2,"(24 hr clock) = %S\n");
console->Printf(KFormat2, &timeString);
}
void WaitForKey()
{
_LIT(KTxtPressAnyKey,"Press any key to continue\n\n");
console->Printf(KTxtPressAnyKey);
console->Getch();
}
LOCAL_C void doExampleL()
{
RTimer timer; // The asynchronous timer and ...
TRequestStatus timerStatus; // ... its associated request status
timer.CreateLocal(); // Always created for this thread.
// do some After() requests
_LIT(KTxt1,"Doing 10 after requests\n");
console->Printf(KTxt1);
for (TInt i=0; i<10; i++)
{
// issue and wait for single request
timer.After(timerStatus,1000000); // wait 1 second
User::WaitForRequest(timerStatus); // wait for request to complete
// display the tick count
_LIT(KFormat3,"Request count %d\n");
console->Printf(KFormat3, i);
}
WaitForKey(); // wait until a key is pressed
// do an At() request
TTime time; // time in microseconds since 0AD nominal Gregorian
_LIT(KTxt2,"The time now is, ");
console->Printf(KTxt2);
// set and print current time
time.HomeTime();
showTime(time);
// add 10 seconds to the time
TTimeIntervalSeconds timeIntervalSeconds(10);
time += timeIntervalSeconds;
_LIT(KTxt3,"Doing a request ten seconds from now at, ");
console->Printf(KTxt3);
showTime(time); // print the time the request should complete
// issue and wait for single request.
// set timer to go off in 10 seconds
timer.At(timerStatus,time);
// wait for request to complete
User::WaitForRequest(timerStatus);
// say it's over, and set and print the time again
_LIT(KTxt4,"Your 10 seconds are up\nThe time now is, ");
console->Printf(KTxt4);
// set time to now
time.HomeTime();
// print the time
showTime(time);
// close timer
timer.Close();
}
This example demonstrates the asynchronous timer,
RTimer
. The example does not use active objects.
RTimer
: asynchronous timer
TRequestStatus
: asynchronous request status
The example requires no specific capabilities in order to run - and does not demonstrate any security issues.
Found in: examples\Base\Timers\Periodic
// Periodic.cpp
//
// Copyright (C) Symbian Software Ltd 2000-2005. All rights reserved.
/*
Shows difference between CPeriodic and CHeartBeat
CPeriodic uses repeated RTimer::After() requests to get
a periodic tick - simple, but the time the tick is serviced lags
increasingly.
As a nuance of CPeriodic, it takes a TCallBack to service
its requests.
CHeartbeat uses repeated RTimer::Lock() requests: its
requests complete in synchronization with the beating
of the system clock.
As a nuance of CHeartbeat, it takes an MBeating* mixin:
the MBeating's Beat() function is called when completion
occurs in sync, and Synchronize() is called when
synchronization has been lost.
*/
// standard example header
#include "CommonFramework.h"
// beginning of real example
#include <e32math.h>
void RandomDelay(TInt64& aSeed, TInt /*aTimerNumber*/)
{
// initialize seed first time through
if (aSeed==0)
{
TTime time;
time.HomeTime();
aSeed=time.Int64();
}
// ok, here we go
TReal randomZeroToOne;
randomZeroToOne = Math::FRand(aSeed);
TReal realDelay;
realDelay = randomZeroToOne * randomZeroToOne * 2000000;
TInt32 intDelay;
Math::Int(intDelay, realDelay);
TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds32 delayMicroSeconds;
delayMicroSeconds=intDelay;
User::After(delayMicroSeconds);
}
// A version of the RandomDelay function which is not random !
// The delay is fixed at 1000000us and may be useful to
// experiment with.
//
//
//void RandomDelay(TInt64& /* aSeed */, TInt aTimerNumber)
// {
// User::After(1000000);
// _LIT(KFormatMisc,"Delay for timer %d: 1000000us\n");
// console->Printf(KFormatMisc, aTimerNumber);
// }
class TAppRunner
{
public:
TAppRunner();
void NotifyFinished(); // notify an active object has finished
void NotifyStarted(); // notify an active object has started
// private:
TInt iActiveObjects; // count of active objects
};
TAppRunner::TAppRunner()
{
iActiveObjects=0;
}
void TAppRunner::NotifyStarted()
{
iActiveObjects++;
}
void TAppRunner::NotifyFinished()
{
iActiveObjects--;
if (iActiveObjects==0) CActiveScheduler::Stop();
}
/*
CPeriodicRunner class
Constructor makes a CPeriodic and sets it off with one-second ticks.
These are fielded by the callback function, the static Tick(TAny*),
which simply casts the pointer to a CPeriodicRunner* and calls
the non-static callback, DoTick().
Processing gets behind: when the ticks left have counted down to zero,
it should be behind by a second or two. The destructor indicates how many
seconds since the object's creation.
*/
class CPeriodicRunner : public CBase
{
public:
// construct, add CPeriodic to active scheduler, and start it
static CPeriodicRunner* NewL(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner);
~CPeriodicRunner(); // destruct and give statistics
protected:
CPeriodicRunner(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner);
private:
void ConstructL(); // second construction phase
// functions for TCallBack protocol
static TInt Tick(TAny* aObject); // directly called
void DoTick(); // indirectly called
private:
// constructor parameters
TAppRunner& iAppRunner; // notify when started and finished
TInt iTotalTicks; // total number of ticks requested
TInt iTickInterval; // the tick interval in microseconds
// things set up by ConstructL()
TTime iStartTime; // when we were started
CPeriodic* iPeriodic; // periodic timer active object
// remaining ticks will be decremented as we go
TInt iTicksLeft; // number of ticks before we expire
TInt iTimerNumber; // indentifying number for the timer
// seed for random delay generator
TInt64 iDelaySeed;
};
// protected C++ constructor
CPeriodicRunner::CPeriodicRunner(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner)
: iAppRunner(aAppRunner), iTotalTicks(aTotalTicks), iTickInterval(aTickInterval)
{}
// private second-phase constructor
void CPeriodicRunner::ConstructL()
{
iStartTime.HomeTime();
iPeriodic =CPeriodic::NewL(0); // neutral priority
iAppRunner.NotifyStarted();
iTimerNumber = iAppRunner.iActiveObjects; // set idenfifying number for timer
iTicksLeft = iTotalTicks;
// variable (actually 1 second) delay and interval
iPeriodic->Start(iTickInterval,iTickInterval,TCallBack(Tick, this));
}
// construct, add CPeriodic to active scheduler, and start it
CPeriodicRunner* CPeriodicRunner::NewL(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner)
{
CPeriodicRunner* self=new (ELeave) CPeriodicRunner(aTickInterval, aTotalTicks, aAppRunner);
CleanupStack::PushL(self);
self->ConstructL();
CleanupStack::Pop();
return self;
}
// destruct and give statistics
CPeriodicRunner::~CPeriodicRunner()
{
TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds elapsedTime;
TTime currentTime;
// set current time
currentTime.HomeTime(); // set currentTime to now
// find and show elapsed time & ticks
elapsedTime = currentTime.MicroSecondsFrom(iStartTime);
_LIT(KFormat1,"Periodic timer %d finished after: %Ld microseconds for %d %dus ticks\n");
console->Printf(KFormat1,iTimerNumber,elapsedTime.Int64(),iTotalTicks,iTickInterval);
// cancel any outstanding request; delete owned CPeriodic object
iPeriodic->Cancel();
delete iPeriodic;
// tell app runner we've finished (if we're last, scheduler will stop)
iAppRunner.NotifyFinished();
}
// private
TInt CPeriodicRunner::Tick(TAny* aObject)
{
((CPeriodicRunner*)aObject)->DoTick(); // cast, and call non-static function
return 1;
}
// private
void CPeriodicRunner::DoTick()
{
iTicksLeft--;
_LIT(KFormat2,"Periodic timer %d: %d ticks done\n");
console->Printf(KFormat2, iTimerNumber, iTotalTicks - iTicksLeft);
if(iTicksLeft==0)
{
delete this;
}
RandomDelay(iDelaySeed,iTimerNumber); // a random delay to mess up the timing
}
/*
CHeartbeatRunner class
This class receives beats in sync with the system clock. It also has a much
nicer interface than for periodic timers - the MBeating mixin, which is nicely
object-oriented.
Most of the time, the Beat() function is called which trivially updates the tick
count. Occasionally, synchronization is lost, and the Synchronize() function
is called instead: this must find out from the system time how many ticks should
have been counted, and update things accordingly.
The destructor gives the same comparisons as the CPeriodic's. The discrepancy
between the number of ticks and the number of seconds since construction should
never be more than is accounted for by the last heartbeat.
*/
class CHeartbeatRunner : public CBase, public MBeating
{
public:
// construct, add CHeartbeat to active scheduler, and start it
static CHeartbeatRunner* NewL(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner);
~CHeartbeatRunner(); // destruct and give statistics
protected:
CHeartbeatRunner(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner);
private:
void ConstructL();
// functions for MBeating protocol
void Beat(); // called when beat works ok
void Synchronize(); // called when we need to synchronize
private:
// constructor parameters
TAppRunner& iAppRunner; // notify when started and finished
TInt iTotalTicks; // number of ticks requested
TInt iTickInterval; // tick length in microseconds
// things set up by ConstructL
TTime iStartTime; // when we were started
CHeartbeat* iHeartbeat; // heartbeat active object
// ticks left decrements as we go
TInt iTicksLeft; // number of ticks before we expire
TInt iTimerNumber; // indentifying number for the timer
// seed for random delay generator
TInt64 iDelaySeed;
};
// protected C++ constructor
CHeartbeatRunner::CHeartbeatRunner(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner)
:iAppRunner(aAppRunner), iTotalTicks(aTotalTicks), iTickInterval(aTickInterval)
{}
// private second-phase constructor
void CHeartbeatRunner::ConstructL()
{
iStartTime.HomeTime();
iHeartbeat=CHeartbeat::NewL(0); // neutral priority
iAppRunner.NotifyStarted();
iTimerNumber = iAppRunner.iActiveObjects; // set idenfifying number for timer
iTicksLeft = iTotalTicks;
// start the heartbeat timer, beating exactly on the second
iHeartbeat->Start(ETwelveOClock,this);
}
// construct, add CHeartbeat to active scheduler, and start it
CHeartbeatRunner* CHeartbeatRunner::NewL(TInt aTickInterval, TInt aTotalTicks, TAppRunner& aAppRunner)
{
CHeartbeatRunner* self=new (ELeave) CHeartbeatRunner(aTickInterval, aTotalTicks, aAppRunner);
CleanupStack::PushL(self);
self->ConstructL();
CleanupStack::Pop();
return self;
}
// destruct and give statistics
CHeartbeatRunner::~CHeartbeatRunner()
{
TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds elapsedTime;
TTime currentTime;
currentTime.HomeTime(); // set current time to now
// find and show elapsed time & ticks
elapsedTime = currentTime.MicroSecondsFrom(iStartTime);
_LIT(KFormat3,"Heartbeat timer %d finished after: %Ld microseonds for %d %dus ticks\n");
console->Printf(KFormat3,iTimerNumber,elapsedTime.Int64(),iTotalTicks,iTickInterval);
// cancel any outstanding request; delete owned CPeriodic object
iHeartbeat->Cancel();
delete iHeartbeat;
// tell app runner we've finished (if last, scheduler will stop)
iAppRunner.NotifyFinished();
}
// private
void CHeartbeatRunner::Beat()
{
iTicksLeft--;
if(iTicksLeft<=0)
delete this;
else
RandomDelay(iDelaySeed,iTimerNumber); // a random delay to mess up the timing
}
// private
void CHeartbeatRunner::Synchronize()
{
TInt ticksMissed = 0;
// what time in microseconds should be for this tick
TTime desiredTime = iStartTime + TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds((iTotalTicks - iTicksLeft) * iTickInterval);
TTime currentTime; // set current time to now
currentTime.HomeTime();
TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds missedTime = currentTime.MicroSecondsFrom(desiredTime);
// Calculate the ticks missed (quickly!)
TInt64 missedTimeInt = missedTime.Int64(); // convert the missed time interval to an Int64
ticksMissed = (missedTimeInt / iTickInterval);
//ticksMissed = (missedTimeInt / iTickInterval).GetTInt();
// The following loop increments the ticks missed by the same amount, but takes much longer
// while (desiredTime < currentTime)
// {
// desiredTime = desiredTime - TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds(iTickInterval);
// ticksMissed++;
// }
_LIT(KFormat4,"Ticks done %d\n");
console->Printf(KFormat4, (iTotalTicks -iTicksLeft));
iTicksLeft = iTicksLeft - ticksMissed;
TTimeIntervalMicroSeconds elapsedTime;
elapsedTime = currentTime.MicroSecondsFrom(iStartTime); // find and show elapsed time & ticks
_LIT(KFormat5,"Elapsed time: %Ld microseconds\n");
console->Printf(KFormat5, elapsedTime.Int64());
_LIT(KFormat6,"Synchronize heartbeat timer %d: ticks missed %d: left %d: done now %d\n");
console->Printf(KFormat6,
iTimerNumber,
ticksMissed,
iTicksLeft,
((iTotalTicks - iTicksLeft) <= iTotalTicks) ? iTotalTicks - iTicksLeft : iTotalTicks
);
// iTicksLeft can be less than zero
if(iTicksLeft<=0)
{
delete this;
}
}
/*
TAppRunner class
Encapsulates logic for stopping the active scheduler
*/
// do the example
void doExampleL()
{
// Make and install the active scheduler
CActiveScheduler* scheduler = new (ELeave) CActiveScheduler;
// Push onto clean-up stack
CleanupStack::PushL(scheduler);
// Install as active scheduler
CActiveScheduler::Install(scheduler);
// Controls the stopping of the scheduler
TAppRunner appRunner;
// Set the tick interval to 1 second.
TInt TickInterval = 1000000;
// run each kind of timer for increasing numbers of ticks
// was 10/40/10
for (TInt total_ticks=4; total_ticks<=6; total_ticks+=2)
{
// Create periodic timer
//
// [nb Comment next line out if you just want to see heart beat runner]
CPeriodicRunner* periodic=CPeriodicRunner::NewL(TickInterval, total_ticks, appRunner);
// Create hearbeat
//
// [nb Comment next line out if you just want to see periodic timer]
CHeartbeatRunner* beater=CHeartbeatRunner::NewL(TickInterval, total_ticks, appRunner);
}
CActiveScheduler::Start();
CleanupStack::PopAndDestroy(); // scheduler
}
The example demonstrates a periodic and a heartbeat timer and shows the differences between them.
CHeartBeat
: heartbeat timer
CPeriodic
: periodic timer
The example requires no specific capabilities in order to run - and does not demonstrate any security issues.