Server-Side HTTPS Support
Akka HTTP supports TLS encryption on the server-side as well as on the client-side.
The central vehicle for configuring encryption is the HttpsConnectionContext, which can be created using the static method ConnectionContext.https which is defined like this:
// ConnectionContext
/** Used to serve HTTPS traffic. */
def https(sslContext: SSLContext): HttpsConnectionContext =
scaladsl.ConnectionContext.https(sslContext)
/** Used to serve HTTPS traffic. */
def https(
sslContext: SSLContext,
sslConfig: Optional[AkkaSSLConfig],
enabledCipherSuites: Optional[JCollection[String]],
enabledProtocols: Optional[JCollection[String]],
clientAuth: Optional[TLSClientAuth],
sslParameters: Optional[SSLParameters]) =
scaladsl.ConnectionContext.https(
sslContext,
OptionConverters.toScala(sslConfig),
OptionConverters.toScala(enabledCipherSuites).map(Util.immutableSeq(_)),
OptionConverters.toScala(enabledProtocols).map(Util.immutableSeq(_)),
OptionConverters.toScala(clientAuth),
OptionConverters.toScala(sslParameters))On the server-side the bind, and bindAndHandleXXX methods of the akka.http.javadsl.Http extension define an optional httpsContext parameter, which can receive the HTTPS configuration in the form of an HttpsContext instance. If defined encryption is enabled on all accepted connections. Otherwise it is disabled (which is the default).
For detailed documentation for client-side HTTPS support refer to Client-Side HTTPS Support.
SSL-Config
Akka HTTP heavily relies on, and delegates most configuration of any SSL/TLS related options to Lightbend SSL-Config, which is a library specialized in providing an secure-by-default SSLContext and related options.
Please refer to the Lightbend SSL-Config documentation for detailed documentation of all available settings.
SSL Config settings used by Akka HTTP (as well as Streaming TCP) are located under the akka.ssl-config namespace.
In order to use SSL-Config in Akka so it logs to the right ActorSystem-wise logger etc., the AkkaSSLConfig extension is provided. Obtaining it is as simple as:
final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create();
final AkkaSSLConfig sslConfig = AkkaSSLConfig.get(system);While typical usage, for example for configuring http client settings would be applied globally by configuring ssl-config in application.conf, it’s possible to obtain the extension and copy it while modifying any configuration that you might need to change and then use that specific AkkaSSLConfig instance while establishing connections be it client or server-side.
Obtaining SSL/TLS Certificates
In order to run an HTTPS server a certificate has to be provided, which usually is either obtained from a signing authority or created by yourself for local or staging environment purposes.
Signing authorities often provide instructions on how to create a Java keystore (typically with reference to Tomcat configuration). If you want to generate your own certificates, the official Oracle documentation on how to generate keystores using the JDK keytool utility can be found here.
SSL-Config provides a more targeted guide on generating certificates, so we recommend you start with the guide titled Generating X.509 Certificates.
Using HTTPS
Once you have obtained the server certificate, using it is as simple as preparing an HttpsConnectionContext and either setting it as the default one to be used by all servers started by the given Http extension or passing it in explicitly when binding the server.
The below example shows how setting up HTTPS works. Firstly you will create and configure an instance of akka.http.javadsl.HttpsConnectionContext :
// ** CONFIGURING ADDITIONAL SETTINGS ** //
public static HttpsConnectionContext useHttps(ActorSystem system) {
HttpsConnectionContext https = null;
try {
// initialise the keystore
// !!! never put passwords into code !!!
final char[] password = new char[]{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
final KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
final InputStream keystore = SimpleServerApp.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("httpsDemoKeys/keys/server.p12");
if (keystore == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Keystore required!");
}
ks.load(keystore, password);
final KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
keyManagerFactory.init(ks, password);
final TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
tmf.init(ks);
final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());
https = ConnectionContext.https(sslContext);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyManagementException e) {
system.log().error("Exception while configuring HTTPS.", e);
} catch (CertificateException | KeyStoreException | UnrecoverableKeyException | IOException e) {
system.log().error("Exception while ", e);
}
return https;
}Then pass it to akka.http.javadsl.Http class’s setDefaultServerHttpContext method, like in the below main method.
public Route multiply(int x, int y) {
int result = x * y;
return complete(String.format("%d * %d = %d", x, y, result));
}
public CompletionStage<Route> multiplyAsync(Executor ctx, int x, int y) {
return CompletableFuture.supplyAsync(() -> multiply(x, y), ctx);
}
public Route createRoute() {
Route addHandler = parameter(StringUnmarshallers.INTEGER, "x", x ->
parameter(StringUnmarshallers.INTEGER, "y", y -> {
int result = x + y;
return complete(String.format("%d + %d = %d", x, y, result));
})
);
BiFunction<Integer, Integer, Route> subtractHandler = (x, y) -> {
int result = x - y;
return complete(String.format("%d - %d = %d", x, y, result));
};
return
route(
// matches the empty path
pathSingleSlash(() ->
getFromResource("web/calculator.html")
),
// matches paths like this: /add?x=42&y=23
path("add", () -> addHandler),
path("subtract", () ->
parameter(StringUnmarshallers.INTEGER, "x", x ->
parameter(StringUnmarshallers.INTEGER, "y", y ->
subtractHandler.apply(x, y)
)
)
),
// matches paths like this: /multiply/{x}/{y}
path(PathMatchers.segment("multiply").slash(integerSegment()).slash(integerSegment()),
this::multiply
),
path(PathMatchers.segment("multiplyAsync").slash(integerSegment()).slash(integerSegment()), (x, y) ->
extractExecutionContext(ctx ->
onSuccess(() -> multiplyAsync(ctx, x, y), Function.identity())
)
),
post(() ->
path("hello", () ->
entity(entityToString(), body ->
complete("Hello " + body + "!")
)
)
)
);
}
// ** STARTING THE SERVER ** //
public static void main(String[] args) throws IOException {
final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create("SimpleServerApp");
final ActorMaterializer materializer = ActorMaterializer.create(system);
final Http http = Http.get(system);
boolean useHttps = false; // pick value from anywhere
if ( useHttps ) {
HttpsConnectionContext https = useHttps(system);
http.setDefaultServerHttpContext(https);
}
final SimpleServerApp app = new SimpleServerApp();
final Flow<HttpRequest, HttpResponse, NotUsed> flow = app.createRoute().flow(system, materializer);
Http.get(system).bindAndHandle(flow, ConnectHttp.toHost("localhost", 8080), materializer);
System.out.println("Type RETURN to exit");
System.in.read();
system.terminate();
}Running both HTTP and HTTPS
If you want to run HTTP and HTTPS servers in a single application, you can call bind... methods twice, one for HTTPS, and the other for HTTP.
When configuring HTTPS, you can do it up like explained in the above Using HTTPS section,
// ** CONFIGURING ADDITIONAL SETTINGS ** //
public static HttpsConnectionContext useHttps(ActorSystem system) {
HttpsConnectionContext https = null;
try {
// initialise the keystore
// !!! never put passwords into code !!!
final char[] password = new char[]{'a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e', 'f'};
final KeyStore ks = KeyStore.getInstance("PKCS12");
final InputStream keystore = SimpleServerApp.class.getClassLoader().getResourceAsStream("httpsDemoKeys/keys/server.p12");
if (keystore == null) {
throw new RuntimeException("Keystore required!");
}
ks.load(keystore, password);
final KeyManagerFactory keyManagerFactory = KeyManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
keyManagerFactory.init(ks, password);
final TrustManagerFactory tmf = TrustManagerFactory.getInstance("SunX509");
tmf.init(ks);
final SSLContext sslContext = SSLContext.getInstance("TLS");
sslContext.init(keyManagerFactory.getKeyManagers(), tmf.getTrustManagers(), new SecureRandom());
https = ConnectionContext.https(sslContext);
} catch (NoSuchAlgorithmException | KeyManagementException e) {
system.log().error("Exception while configuring HTTPS.", e);
} catch (CertificateException | KeyStoreException | UnrecoverableKeyException | IOException e) {
system.log().error("Exception while ", e);
}
return https;
}or via SSL-Config (not explained here though).
Then, call bind... methods twice like below. The blow SimpleServerApp.useHttps(system) is calling the above defined HTTP public static HttpsConnectionContext useHttps(ActorSystem system) method.
final Http http = Http.get(system);
//Run HTTP server firstly
http.bindAndHandle(flow, ConnectHttp.toHost("localhost", 80), materializer);
//get configured HTTPS context
HttpsConnectionContext https = SimpleServerApp.useHttps(system);
// sets default context to HTTPS – all Http() bound servers for this ActorSystem will use HTTPS from now on
http.setDefaultServerHttpContext(https);
//Then run HTTPS server
http.bindAndHandle(flow, ConnectHttp.toHost("localhost", 443), materializer);Further reading
The topic of properly configuring HTTPS for your web server is an always changing one, thus we recommend staying up to date with various security breach news and of course keep your JVM at the latest version possible, as the default settings are often updated by Oracle in reaction to various security updates and known issues.
We also recommend having a look at the Play documentation about securing your app, as well as the techniques described in the Play documentation about setting up a reverse proxy to terminate TLS in front of your application instead of terminating TLS inside the JVM, and therefore Akka HTTP, itself.
Other excellent articles on the subject: