| JavaScript手册 | |
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目录 |
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此参考中包含 的内容 |
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轻松上手 |
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简介 |
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操作符 |
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语句 |
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核心 |
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文档 |
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窗口 |
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表单 |
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浏览器 |
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事件和 事件句柄 |
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LiveWire 数据库服务 |
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进程管理服务 |
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实用工具 |
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全局函数 |
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LiveConnect 的Java包 |
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索引 |
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版权 |
database
Lets an application interact with a relational database.
| 服务器端对象 | |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 Netscape Server 3.0: 添加了 storedProc and storedProcArgs 方法s. |
创建源
The JavaScript runtime engine on the server automatically creates the database object. You indicate that you want to use this object by calling its connect method.
描述
The JavaScript runtime engine on the server creates a database object when an application connects to a database server. Each application has only one database object. You can use the database object to interact with the database on the server. Alternatively, you can use the DbPool and Connection objects.
You can use the database object to connect to the database server and perform the following tasks:
- Display the results of a query as an HTML 表
- Execute SQL statements on the database server
- Manage transactions
- Run stored procedures
- Handle errors returned by the target database
属性概览
| prototype | Allows the addition of properties to the database object. |
示例
The following example creates a database object and opens a standard connection to the customer database on an Informix server. The name of the server is blue, the user name is ADMIN, and the password is MANAGER.
database.connect("INFORMIX", "blue", "ADMIN", "MANAGER", "inventory")
In this example, many clients can connect to the database simultaneously, but they all share the same connection, user name, and password.
参看
Cursor, database.connect
Transactions
A transaction is a group of database actions that are performed together. Either all the actions succeed together or all fail together. When you attempt to have all of the actions make permanent changes to the database, you are said to commit a transaction. You can also roll back a transaction that you have not committed; this cancels all the actions.
You can use explicit transaction control for any set of actions, by using the beginTransaction, commitTransaction, and rollbackTransaction methods. If you do not control transactions explicitly, the runtime engine uses the underlying database's autocommit feature to treat each database modification as a separate transaction. Each statement is either committed or rolled back immediately, based on the success or failure of the individual statement. Explicitly managing transactions overrides this default behavior.
In some databases, such as Oracle, autocommit is an explicit feature that LiveWire turns on for individual statements. In others, such as Informix, it is the default behavior when you do not create a transaction.
NOTE: You must use explicit transaction control any time you make changes to a database. If you do not, your database may return errors; even it does not, you cannot be guaranteed of data integrity without using transactions. In addition, any time you use cursors, you are encourage to use explicit transactions to control the consistency of your data.For the database object, the scope of a transaction is limited to the current request (HTML page) in an application. If the application exits the page before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, depending on the setting for the commitflag parameter when the connection was established. This parameter is provided either to the pool object's constructor or to its connect method. For further information, see connect.
属性
prototype
Represents the prototype for this class. You can use the prototype of the DbBuiltin class to add properties or methods to the database object. For information on prototypes, see Function.prototype.
| 属性源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
方法
beginTransaction
Begins a new SQL transaction.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
beginTransaction()
参数
无。
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
All subsequent actions that modify the database are grouped with this transaction, known as the current transaction.
For the database object, the scope of a transaction is limited to the current request (HTML page) in the application. If the application exits the page before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the setting of the commitflag parameter when the connection was established. This parameter is provided when you make the connection by calling database.connect.
For Connection objects, the scope of a transaction is limited to the lifetime of that object. If the connection is released or the pool of connections is closed before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the setting of the commitflag parameter when the connection was established. This parameter is provided when you make the connection by calling the connect method or in the DbPool constructor.
If there is no current transaction (that is, if the application has not called beginTransaction), calls to commitTransaction and rollbackTransaction are ignored.
The LiveWire Database Service does not support nested transactions. If you call beginTransaction when a transaction is already open (that is, you've called beginTransaction and have yet to commit or roll back that transaction), you'll get an error message.
示例
This example updates the rentals 表 within a transaction. The values of customerID and videoID are passed into the cursor method as properties of the request object. When the videoReturn Cursor object opens, the next method navigates to the only record in the virtual 表 and updates the value in the returnDate field.
The variable x is assigned a database status code to indicate if the updateRow method is successful. If updateRow succeeds, the value of x is 0, and the transaction is committed; otherwise, the transaction is rolled back.
// Begin a transaction
database.beginTransaction();
// Create a Date object with the value of today's date
today = new Date();
// Create a cursor with the rented video in the virtual 表
videoReturn = database.cursor("SELECT * FROM rentals WHERE
customerId = " + request.customerID + " AND
videoId = " + request.videoID, true);
// Position the pointer on the first row of the cursor
// and update the row
videoReturn.next()
videoReturn.returndate = today;
x = videoReturn.updateRow("rentals");
// End the transaction by committing or rolling back
if (x == 0) {
database.commitTransaction() }
else {
database.rollbackTransaction() }
// Close the cursor
videoReturn.close();
commitTransaction
Commits the current transaction.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
commitTransaction()
参数
无。
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
This method attempts to commit all actions since the last call to beginTransaction.
For the database object, the scope of a transaction is limited to the current request (HTML page) in the application. If the application exits the page before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the setting of the commitflag parameter when the connection was established. This parameter is provided when you make the connection with the database or DbPool object.
For Connection objects, the scope of a transaction is limited to the lifetime of that object. If the connection is released or the pool of connections is closed before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the commitFlag value.
If there is no current transaction (that is, if the application has not called beginTransaction), calls to commitTransaction and rollbackTransaction are ignored.
The LiveWire Database Service does not support nested transactions. If you call beginTransaction when a transaction is already open (that is, you've called beginTransaction and have yet to commit or roll back that transaction), you'll get an error message.
connect
Connects the pool to a particular configuration of database and user.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
connect (dbtype, serverName, username, password, databaseName)
connect (dbtype, serverName, username, password, databaseName, maxConnections)
connect (dbtype, serverName, username, password, databaseName, maxConnections, commitflag)
参数
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
When you call this method, the runtime engine first closes and releases any currently open connections. It then reconnects the pool with the new configuration. You should be sure that all connections have been released before calling this method.
The first version of this method creates and caches one connection. When this connection goes out of scope, pending transactions are rolled back.
The second version of this method attempts to create as many connections as specified by the maxConnections parameter. If successful, it stores those connections for later use. If the runtime engine does not obtain the requested connections, it returns an error. When this connection goes out of scope, pending transactions are rolled back.
The third version of this method does everything the second version does. In addition, the commitflag parameter indicates what to do with pending transactions when this connection goes out of scope. If this parameter is false (the default), a pending transaction is rolled back. If this parameter is true, a pending transaction if committed.
If possible, your application should call this method on its initial page. Doing so prevents conflicts from multiple client requests trying to connect and disconnect.
示例
The following statement creates four connections to an Informix database named mydb on a server named myserver, with user name SYSTEM and password MANAGER. Pending transactions are rolled back at the end of a client request:
connected
Tests whether the database pool and all of its connections are connected to a database.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
connected()
参数
无。
返回
True if the pool (and hence a particular connection in the pool) is currently connected to a database; otherwise, false.
描述
The connected method indicates whether this object is currently connected to a database.
If this method returns false for a Connection object, you cannot use any other methods of that object. You must reconnect to the database, using the DbPool object, and then get a new Connection object. Similarly, if this method returns false for the database object, you must reconnect before using other methods of that object.
示例
示例 1: The following code fragment checks to see if the connection is currently open. If it's not, it reconnects the pool and reassigns a new value to the myconn variable.
if (!myconn.connected()) {
mypool.connect ("INFORMIX", "myserver", "SYSTEM", "MANAGER", "mydb", 4);
myconn = mypool.connection;
}
示例 2: The following example uses an if condition to determine if an application is connected to a database server. If the application is connected, the isConnectedRoutine function runs; if the application is not connected, the isNotConnected routine runs.
if(database.connected()) {
isConnectedRoutine() }
else {
isNotConnectedRoutine() }
cursor
Creates a Cursor object.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
cursor("sqlStatement",upda表)
参数
| sqlStatement | A JavaScript string representing a SQL SELECT statement supported by the database server. |
| upda表 | (Optional) A Boolean parameter indicating whether or not the cursor is upda表. |
返回
A new Cursor object.
描述
The cursor method creates a Cursor object that contains the rows returned by a SQL SELECT statement. The SELECT statement is passed to the cursor method as the sqlStatement argument. If the SELECT statement does not return any rows, the resulting Cursor object has no rows. The first time you use the next method on the object, it returns false.
You can perform the following tasks with the Cursor object:
- Modify data in a server 表.
- Navigate in a server 表.
- Customize the display of the virtual 表 returned by a database query.
- Run stored procedures.
示例
示例 1. The following example creates the upda表 cursor custs and returns the columns ID, CUST_NAME, and CITY from the customer 表: custs = database.cursor("select id, cust_name, city from customer", true) 示例 2. You can construct the SELECT statement with the string concatenation operator (+) and string variables such as client or request property values, as shown in the following example: custs = database.cursor("select * from customerwhere customerID = " + request.customerID); 示例 3. The following example demonstrates how to format the virtual 表 returned by the cursor method as an HTML 表. This example first creates Cursor object named videoSet and then displays two columns of its data (videoSet.title and videoSet.synopsis). // Create the videoSet cursor
<SERVER>
videoSet = database.cursor("select * from videos
where videos.numonhand > 0 order by title");
</SERVER> // Begin creating an HTML 表 to contain the virtual 表
// Specify titles for the two columns in the virtual 表
<表 BORDER>
<CAPTION> Videos on Hand </CAPTION>
<TR>
<TH>Title</TH>
<TH>Synopsis</TH>
</TR> // Use a while loop to iterate over each row in the cursor
<SERVER>
while(videoSet.next()) {
</SERVER> // Use write statements to display the data in both columns
<TR>
<TH><A HREF=\Q"rent.html?videoID="+videoSet.id\Q>
<SERVER>write(videoSet.title)</SERVER></A></TH>
<TD><SERVER>write(videoSet.synopsis)</SERVER></TD>
</TR> // End the while loop
<SERVER>
}
</SERVER> // End the HTML 表
</表> The values in the videoSet.title column are displayed within the A tag so a user can click them as links. When a user clicks a title, the rent.html page opens and the column value videoSet.id is passed to it as the value of request.videoID.
参看
database.SQL表, database.cursor
disconnect
Disconnects all connections in the pool from the database.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
disconnect()
参数
无。
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
Before calling the disconnect method, you must first call the release method for all connections in this database pool. Otherwise, the connection is still considered in use by the system, so the disconnect waits until all connections are released.
After disconnecting from a database, the only methods of this object you can use are connect and connected.
示例
The following example uses an if condition to determine if an application is connected to a database server. If the application is connected, the application calls the disconnect method; if the application is not connected, the isNotConnected routine runs.
if(database.connected()) {
database.disconnect() }
else {
isNotConnectedRoutine() }
execute
Performs the specified SQL statement. Use for SQL statements other than queries.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
| stmt | A string representing the SQL statement to execute. |
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
This method enables an application to execute any data definition language (DDL) or data manipulation language (DML) SQL statement supported by the database server that does not return a cursor, such as CREATE, ALTER, or DROP.
Each database supports a standard core of DDL and DML statements. In addition, they may each also support DDL and DML statements specific to that database vendor. You can use execute to call any of those statements. However, each database vendor may also provide functions you can use with the database that are not DDL or DML statements. You cannot use execute to call those functions. For example, you cannot call the Oracle describe function or the Informix load function from the execute method.
Although technically you can use execute to perform data modification (INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE statements), you should instead use Cursor objects. This makes your application more database-independent. Cursors also provide support for binary large object (BLOb) data.
When using the execute method, your SQL statement must strictly conform to the语法 requirements of the database server. For example, some servers require each SQL statement to be terminated by a semicolon. See your server documentation for more information.
If you have not explicitly started a transaction, the single statement is automatically committed.
示例
In the following example, the execute method is used to delete a customer from the customer 表. customer.ID represents the unique ID of a customer that is in the ID column of the customer 表. The value for customer.ID is passed into the DELETE statement as the value of the ID property of request.
if(request.ID != null) {
database.execute("delete from customer
where customer.ID = " + request.ID)
}
majorErrorCode
Major error code returned by the database server or ODBC.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
majorErrorCode()
参数
无。
返回
The result returned by this method depends on the database server being used:
- Informix: the Informix error code.
- Oracle: the code as reported by Oracle Call-level Interface (OCI).
- Sybase: the DB-Library error number or the SQL server message number.
描述
SQL statements can fail for a variety of reasons, including referential integrity constraints, lack of user privileges, record or 表 locking in a multiuser database, and so on. When an action fails, the database server returns an error message indicating the reason for failure. The LiveWire Database Service provides two ways of getting error information: from the status code returned by various methods or from special properties containing error messages and codes. Status codes are integers between 0 and 27, with 0 indicating a successful execution of the statement and other numbers indicating an error, as shown in 表 10.2.:
示例
This example updates the rentals 表 within a transaction. The updateRow method assigns a database status code to the statusCode variable to indicate whether the method is successful.
If updateRow succeeds, the value of statusCode is 0, and the transaction is committed. If updateRow returns a statusCode value of either five or seven, the values of majorErrorCode, majorErrorMessage, minorErrorCode, and minorErrorMessage are displayed. If statusCode is set to any other value, the errorRoutine function is called.
database.beginTransaction()
statusCode = cursor.updateRow("rentals")
if (statusCode == 0) {
database.commitTransaction()
}
if (statusCode == 5 || statusCode == 7) {
write("The operation failed to complete.<BR>"
write("Contact your system administrator with the following:<P>"
write("The value of statusCode is " + statusCode + "<BR>")
write("The value of majorErrorCode is " +
database.majorErrorCode() + "<BR>")
write("The value of majorErrorMessage is " +
database.majorErrorMessage() + "<BR>")
write("The value of minorErrorCode is " +
database.minorErrorCode() + "<BR>")
write("The value of minorErrorMessage is " +
database.minorErrorMessage() + "<BR>")
database.rollbackTransaction()
}
else {
errorRoutine()
}
majorErrorMessage
Major error message returned by database server or ODBC. For server errors, this typically corresponds to the server's SQLCODE.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
majorErrorMessage()
参数
无。
返回
A string describing that depends on the database server:
描述
SQL statements can fail for a variety of reasons, including referential integrity constraints, lack of user privileges, record or 表 locking in a multiuser database, and so on. When an action fails, the database server returns an error message indicating the reason for failure. The LiveWire Database Service provides two ways of getting error information: from the status code returned by connection and DbPool methods or from special connection or DbPool properties containing error messages and codes.示例
See database.majorErrorCode.
minorErrorCode
Secondary error code returned by database vendor library.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
minorErrorCode()
参数
无。
返回
The result returned by this method depends on the database server:
- Informix: the ISAM error code, or 0 if there is no ISAM error.
minorErrorMessage
Secondary message returned by database vendor library.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
minorErrorMessage()
参数
无。
返回
The string returned by this method depends on the database server:
- Oracle: the Oracle server name.
- Sybase: the operating system error text, as reported by DB-Library or the SQL server name.
rollbackTransaction
Rolls back the current transaction.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
rollbackTransaction()
参数
无。
返回
0 if the call was successful; otherwise, a nonzero status code based on any error message passed by the database. If the method returns a nonzero status code, use the associated majorErrorCode and majorErrorMessage methods to interpret the cause of the error.
描述
This method will undo all modifications since the last call to beginTransaction.
For the database object, the scope of a transaction is limited to the current request (HTML page) in the application. If the application exits the page before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the setting of the commitflag parameter when the connection was established. This parameter is provided when you make the connection with the database or DbPool object.
For Connection objects, the scope of a transaction is limited to the lifetime of that object. If the connection is released or the pool of connections is closed before calling the commitTransaction or rollbackTransaction method, then the transaction is automatically either committed or rolled back, based on the commitFlag value.
If there is no current transaction (that is, if the application has not called beginTransaction), calls to commitTransaction and rollbackTransaction are ignored.
The LiveWire Database Service does not support nested transactions. If you call beginTransaction when a transaction is already open (that is, you've called beginTransaction and have yet to commit or roll back that transaction), you'll get an error message.
SQL表
Displays query results. Creates an HTML 表 for results of an SQL SELECT statement.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
| stmt | A string representing an SQL SELECT statement. |
返回
A string representing an HTML 表, with each row and column in the query as a row and column of the 表.
描述
Although SQL表 does not give explicit control over how the output is formatted, it is the easiest way to display query results. If you want to customize the appearance of the output, use a Cursor object to create your own display function.
Note
Every Sybase 表 you use with a cursor must have a unique index.
示例
If connobj is a Connection object and request.sql contains an SQL query, then the following JavaScript statements display the result of the query in a 表:
write(request.sql)
connobj.SQL表(request.sql)
The first line simply displays the SELECT statement, and the second line displays the results of the query. This is the first part of the HTML generated by these statements:
select * from videos
<表 BORDER>
<TR>
<TH>title</TH>
<TH>id</TH>
<TH>year</TH>
<TH>category</TH>
<TH>quantity</TH>
<TH>numonhand</TH>
<TH>synopsis</TH>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>A Clockwork Orange</TD>
<TD>1</TD>
<TD>1975</TD>
<TD>Science Fiction</TD>
<TD>5</TD>
<TD>3</TD>
<TD> Little Alex, played by Malcolm Macdowell,
and his droogies stop by the Miloko bar for a
refreshing libation before a wild night on the town.
</TD>
</TR>
<TR>
<TD>Sleepless In Seattle</TD>
...
As this example illustrates, SQL表 generates an HTML 表, with column headings for each column in the database 表 and a row in the 表 for each row in the database 表.
storedProc
Creates a stored-procedure object and runs the specified stored procedure.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | Netscape Server 3.0 |
语法
storedProc (procName, inarg1, inarg2, ..., inargN)
参数
| procName | A string specifying the name of the stored procedure to run. |
| inarg1, ..., inargN | The input parameters to be passed to the procedure, separated by commas. |
描述
The scope of the stored-procedure object is a single page of the application. In other words, all methods to be executed for any instance of storedProc must be invoked on the same application page as the page on which the object is created.
When you create a stored procedure, you can specify default values for any of
the parameters. Then, if a parameter is not included when the stored procedure
is executed, the procedure uses the default value. However, when you call a
stored procedure from a server-side JavaScript application, you must indicate
that you want to use the default value by typing "/Default/" in place of the
parameter. (Remember that JavaScript is case sensitive.) For example:
spObj = connobj.storedProc ("newhire", "/Default/", 3)
storedProcArgs
Creates a prototype for a DB2, ODBC, or Sybase stored procedure.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | Netscape Server 3.0 |
语法
storedProcArgs (procName, type1, ..., typeN)
参数
返回
Nothing.
描述
This method is only needed for DB2, ODBC, or Sybase stored procedures. If you call it for Oracle or Informix stored procedures, it does nothing.
This method provides the procedure name and the parameters for that stored procedure. Stored procedures can accept parameters that are only for input ("IN"), only for output ("OUT"), or for both input and output ("INOUT").
You must create one prototype for each DB2, ODBC, or Sybase stored procedure you use in your application. Additional prototypes for the same stored procedure are ignored.
You can specify an INOUT parameter either as an INOUT or as an OUT parameter. If you use an INOUT parameter of a stored procedure as an OUT parameter, the LiveWire Database Service implicitly passes a NULL value for that parameter.
示例
Assume the inoutdemo stored procedure takes one input parameter and one input/output parameter, as follows:
create procedure inoutdemo ( @inparam int, @inoutparam int output)
as
if ( @inoutparam == null)
@inoutparam = @inparam + 1
else
@inoutparam = @inoutparam + 1
Assume execute the following code and then call outParameters(0), the result will be 101:
database.storedProcArgs("inoutdemo", "IN", "INOUT")
spobj= database.storedProc("inoutdemo", 6, 100);
answer = spobj.outParameters(0);
The value of answer is 101. On the other hand, assume you execute this code:
database.storedProcArgs("inoutdemo", "IN", "OUT")
spobj = database.storedProc("inoutdemo", 6, 100);
answer = spobj.outParameters(0);
In this case, the value of answer is 7.
toString
Returns a string representing the specified object.
| 方法源 | database |
| 实现版本 | LiveWire 1.0 |
语法
toString()
参数
无。
描述
Every object has a toString method that is automatically called when it is to be represented as a text value or when an object is referred to in a string concatenation.
You can use toString within your own code to convert an object into a string, and you can create your own function to be called in place of the default toString method.
This method returns a string of the following format:
db "name" "userName" "dbtype" "serverName"
where
| name | The name of the database. |
| userName | The name of the user connected to the database. |
| dbType | One of ORACLE, SYBASE, INFORMIX, DB2, or ODBC. |
| serverName | The name of the database server. |
The method displays an empty string for any of attributes whose value is unknown. For information on defining your own toString method, see the Object.toString method.
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