Source code for nltk.tokenize.mwe

# Multi-Word Expression tokenizer
#
# Copyright (C) 2001-2019 NLTK Project
# Author: Rob Malouf <[email protected]>
# URL: <http://nltk.org/>
# For license information, see LICENSE.TXT

"""
Multi-Word Expression Tokenizer

A ``MWETokenizer`` takes a string which has already been divided into tokens and
retokenizes it, merging multi-word expressions into single tokens, using a lexicon
of MWEs:


    >>> from nltk.tokenize import MWETokenizer

    >>> tokenizer = MWETokenizer([('a', 'little'), ('a', 'little', 'bit'), ('a', 'lot')])
    >>> tokenizer.add_mwe(('in', 'spite', 'of'))

    >>> tokenizer.tokenize('Testing testing testing one two three'.split())
    ['Testing', 'testing', 'testing', 'one', 'two', 'three']

    >>> tokenizer.tokenize('This is a test in spite'.split())
    ['This', 'is', 'a', 'test', 'in', 'spite']

    >>> tokenizer.tokenize('In a little or a little bit or a lot in spite of'.split())
    ['In', 'a_little', 'or', 'a_little_bit', 'or', 'a_lot', 'in_spite_of']

"""
from nltk.util import Trie

from nltk.tokenize.api import TokenizerI


[docs]class MWETokenizer(TokenizerI): """A tokenizer that processes tokenized text and merges multi-word expressions into single tokens. """ def __init__(self, mwes=None, separator='_'): """Initialize the multi-word tokenizer with a list of expressions and a separator :type mwes: list(list(str)) :param mwes: A sequence of multi-word expressions to be merged, where each MWE is a sequence of strings. :type separator: str :param separator: String that should be inserted between words in a multi-word expression token. (Default is '_') """ if not mwes: mwes = [] self._mwes = Trie(mwes) self._separator = separator
[docs] def add_mwe(self, mwe): """Add a multi-word expression to the lexicon (stored as a word trie) We use ``util.Trie`` to represent the trie. Its form is a dict of dicts. The key True marks the end of a valid MWE. :param mwe: The multi-word expression we're adding into the word trie :type mwe: tuple(str) or list(str) :Example: >>> tokenizer = MWETokenizer() >>> tokenizer.add_mwe(('a', 'b')) >>> tokenizer.add_mwe(('a', 'b', 'c')) >>> tokenizer.add_mwe(('a', 'x')) >>> expected = {'a': {'x': {True: None}, 'b': {True: None, 'c': {True: None}}}} >>> tokenizer._mwes == expected True """ self._mwes.insert(mwe)
[docs] def tokenize(self, text): """ :param text: A list containing tokenized text :type text: list(str) :return: A list of the tokenized text with multi-words merged together :rtype: list(str) :Example: >>> tokenizer = MWETokenizer([('hors', "d'oeuvre")], separator='+') >>> tokenizer.tokenize("An hors d'oeuvre tonight, sir?".split()) ['An', "hors+d'oeuvre", 'tonight,', 'sir?'] """ i = 0 n = len(text) result = [] while i < n: if text[i] in self._mwes: # possible MWE match j = i trie = self._mwes while j < n and text[j] in trie: trie = trie[text[j]] j = j + 1 else: if Trie.LEAF in trie: # success! result.append(self._separator.join(text[i:j])) i = j else: # no match, so backtrack result.append(text[i]) i += 1 else: result.append(text[i]) i += 1 return result