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Mixins and Useful Classes

Odoo implements some useful classes and mixins that make it easy for you to add often-used behaviours on your objects. This guide will details most of them, with examples and use cases.

Messaging features

Messaging integration

Basic messaging system

Integrating messaging features to your model is extremely easy. Simply inheriting the mail.thread model and adding the messaging fields (and their appropriate widgets) to your form view will get you up and running in no time.

Once you've added chatter support on your model, users can easily add messages or internal notes on any record of your model; every one of those will send a notification (to all followers for messages, to employee (base.group_user) users for internal notes). If your mail gateway and catchall address are correctly configured, these notifications will be sent by e-mail and can be replied-to directly from your mail client; the automatic routing system will route the answer to the correct thread.

Server-side, some helper functions are there to help you easily send messages and to manage followers on your record:

Posting messages
message_post(self, body='', subject=None, message_type='notification', subtype=None, parent_id=False, attachments=None, content_subtype='html', **kwargs)

Post a new message in an existing thread, returning the new mail.message ID.

Parameters
  • body (str) -- body of the message, usually raw HTML that will be sanitized
  • message_type (str) -- see mail_message.type field
  • content_subtype (str) -- if plaintext: convert body into html
  • parent_id (int) -- handle reply to a previous message by adding the parent partners to the message in case of private discussion
  • attachments (list(tuple(str,str))) -- list of attachment tuples in the form (name,content), where content is NOT base64 encoded
  • **kwargs -- extra keyword arguments will be used as default column values for the new mail.message record
Returns
ID of newly created mail.message
Return type
int
message_post_with_view(views_or_xmlid, **kwargs):

Helper method to send a mail / post a message using a view_id to render using the ir.qweb engine. This method is stand alone, because there is nothing in template and composer that allows to handle views in batch. This method will probably disappear when templates handle ir ui views.

Parameters
or ir.ui.view record (str) -- external id or record of the view that should be sent
message_post_with_template(template_id, **kwargs)

Helper method to send a mail with a template

Parameters
  • template_id -- the id of the template to render to create the body of the message
  • **kwargs -- parameter to create a mail.compose.message wizzard (which inherit from mail.message)
Receiving messages

These methods are called when a new e-mail is processed by the mail gateway. These e-mails can either be new thread (if they arrive via an alias) or simply replies from an existing thread. Overriding them allows you to set values on the thread's record depending on some values from the email itself (i.e. update a date or an e-mail address, add CC's addresses as followers, etc.).

message_new(msg_dict, custom_values=None)

Called by message_process when a new message is received for a given thread model, if the message did not belong to an existing thread.

The default behavior is to create a new record of the corresponding model (based on some very basic info extracted from the message). Additional behavior may be implemented by overriding this method.

Parameters
  • msg_dict (dict) -- a map containing the email details and attachments. See message_process and mail.message.parse for details
  • custom_values (dict) -- optional dictionary of additional field values to pass to create() when creating the new thread record; be careful, these values may override any other values coming from the message
Return type
int
Returns
the id of the newly created thread object
message_update(msg_dict, update_vals=None)

Called by message_process when a new message is received for an existing thread. The default behavior is to update the record with update_vals taken from the incoming email.

Additional behavior may be implemented by overriding this method.

Parameters
  • msg_dict (dict) -- a map containing the email details and attachments; see message_process and mail.message.parse() for details.
  • update_vals (dict) -- a dict containing values to update records given their ids; if the dict is None or is void, no write operation is performed.
Returns
True
Followers management
message_subscribe(partner_ids=None, channel_ids=None, subtype_ids=None, force=True)

Add partners to the records followers.

Parameters
  • partner_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the partners that will be subscribed to the record
  • channel_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the channels that will be subscribed to the record
  • subtype_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the subtypes that the channels/partners will be subscribed to (defaults to the default subtypes if None)
  • force -- if True, delete existing followers before creating new one using the subtypes given in the parameters
Returns
Success/Failure
Return type
bool
message_subscribe_users(user_ids=None, subtype_ids=None)

Wrapper on message_subscribe, using users instead of partners.

Parameters
  • user_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the users that will be subscribed to the record; if None, subscribe the current user instead.
  • subtype_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the subtypes that the channels/partners will be subscribed to
Returns
Success
Return type
bool
message_unsubscribe(partner_ids=None, channel_ids=None)

Remove partners from the record's followers.

Parameters
  • partner_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the partners that will be subscribed to the record
  • channel_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the channels that will be subscribed to the record
Returns
True
Return type
bool
message_unsubscribe_users(user_ids=None)

Wrapper on message_subscribe, using users.

Parameters
user_ids (list(int)) -- IDs of the users that will be unsubscribed to the record; if None, unsubscribe the current user instead.
Returns
True
Return type
bool

Logging changes

The mail module adds a powerful tracking system on fields, allowing you to log changes to specific fields in the record's chatter.

To add tracking to a field, simple add the track_visibility attribute with the value onchange (if it should be displayed in the notification only if the field changed) or always (if the value should always be displayed in change notifications even if this particular field did not change - useful to make notification more explanatory by always adding the name field, for example).

Subtypes

Subtypes give you more granular control over messages. Subtypes act as a classification system for notifications, allowing subscribers to a document to customize the subtype of notifications they wish to receive.

Subtypes are created as data in your module; the model has the following fields:

name (mandatory) - Char
name of the subtype, will be displayed in the notification customization popup
description - Char
description that will be added in the message posted for this subtype. If void, the name will be added instead
internal - Boolean
messages with internal subtypes will be visible only by employees, aka members of the base.group_user group
parent_id - Many2one
link subtypes for automatic subscription; for example project subtypes are linked to task subtypes through this link. When someone is subscribed to a project, he will be subscribed to all tasks of this project with subtypes found using the parent subtype
relation_field - Char
as an example, when linking project and tasks subtypes, the relation field is the project_id field of tasks
res_model - Char
model the subtype applies to; if False, this subtype applies to all models
default - Boolean
wether the subtype is activated by default when subscribing
sequence - Integer
used to order subtypes in the notification customization popup
hidden - Boolean
wether the subtype is hidden in the notification customization popup

Interfacing subtypes with field tracking allows to subscribe to different kind of notifications depending on what might interest users. To do this, you can override the _track_subtype() function:

_track_subtype(init_values)

Give the subtype triggered by the changes on the record according to values that have been updated.

Parameters
init_values (dict) -- the original values of the record; only modified fields are present in the dict
Returns
a subtype's full external id or False if no subtype is triggered

Customizing notifications

When sending notifications to followers, it can be quite useful to add buttons in the template to allow quick actions directly from the e-mail. Even a simple button to link directly to the record's form view can be useful; however in most cases you don't want to display these buttons to portal users.

The notification system allows customizing notification templates in the following ways:

  • Display Access Buttons: these buttons are visible at the top of the notification e-mail and allow the recipient to directly access the form view of the record
  • Display Follow Buttons: these buttons allow the recipient to directly quickly subscribe from the record
  • Display Unfollow Buttons: these buttons allow the recipient to directly quickly unsubscribe from the record
  • Display Custom Action Buttons: these buttons are calls to specific routes and allow you to make some useful actions directly available from the e-mail (i.e. converting a lead to an opportunity, validating an expense sheet for an Expense Manager, etc.)

These buttons settings can be applied to different groups that you can define yourself by overriding the function _notification_recipients.

_notification_recipients(message, groups)

Give the subtype triggered by the changes on the record according to values that have been updated.

Parameters
  • message (record) -- mail.message record currently being sent
  • groups (list(tuple)) --

    list of tuple of the form (group_name, group_func,group_data) where:

    group_name
    is an identifier used only to be able to override and manipulate groups. Default groups are user (recipients linked to an employee user), portal (recipients linked to a portal user) and customer (recipients not linked to any user). An example of override use would be to add a group linked to a res.groups like Hr Officers to set specific action buttons to them.
    group_func
    is a function pointer taking a partner record as parameter. This method will be applied on recipients to know whether they belong to a given group or not. Only first matching group is kept. Evaluation order is the list order.
    group_data

    is a dict containing parameters for the notification email with the following possible keys - values:

    • has_button_access
      whether to display Access <Document> in email. True by default for new groups, False for portal / customer.
    • button_access
      dict with url and title of the button
    • has_button_follow
      whether to display Follow in email (if recipient is not currently following the thread). True by default for new groups, False for portal / customer.
    • button_follow
      dict with url adn title of the button
    • has_button_unfollow
      whether to display Unfollow in email (if recipient is currently following the thread). True by default for new groups, False for portal / customer.
    • button_unfollow
      dict with url and title of the button
    • actions
      list of action buttons to display in the notification email. Each action is a dict containing url and title of the button.
Returns
a subtype's full external id or False if no subtype is triggered

The urls in the actions list can be generated automatically by calling the _notification_link_helper() function:

_notification_link_helper(self, link_type, **kwargs)

Generate a link for the given type on the current record (or on a specific record if the kwargs model and res_id are set).

Parameters
link_type (str) --

link type to be generated; can be any of these values:

view
link to form view of the record
assign
assign the logged user to the user_id field of the record (if it exists)
follow
self-explanatory
unfollow
self-explanatory
workflow
trigger a workflow signal; the signal's name should be provided as the kwarg signal
method
call a method on the record; the method's name should be provided as the kwarg method
new
open an empty form view for a new record; you can specify a specific action by providing its id (database id or fully resolved external id) in the kwarg action_id
Returns
link of the type selected for the record
Return type
str

Overriding defaults

There are several ways you can customize the behaviour of mail.thread models, including (but not limited to):

_mail_post_access - Model attribute
the required access rights to be able to post a message on the model; by default a write access is needed, can be set to read as well
Context keys:

These context keys can be used to somewhat control mail.thread features like auto-subscription or field tracking during calls to create() or write() (or any other method where it may be useful).

  • mail_create_nosubscribe: at create or message_post, do not subscribe the current user to the record thread
  • mail_create_nolog: at create, do not log the automatic '<Document> created' message
  • mail_notrack: at create and write, do not perform the value tracking creating messages
  • tracking_disable: at create and write, perform no MailThread features (auto subscription, tracking, post, ...)
  • mail_auto_delete: auto delete mail notifications; True by default
  • mail_notify_force_send: if less than 50 email notifications to send, send them directly instead of using the queue; True by default
  • mail_notify_user_signature: add the current user signature in email notifications; True by default

Mail alias

Aliases are configurable email addresses that are linked to a specific record (which usually inherits the mail.alias.mixin model) that will create new records when contacted via e-mail. They are an easy way to make your system accessible from the outside, allowing users or customers to quickly create records in your database without needing to connect to Odoo directly.

Aliases vs. Incoming Mail Gateway

Some people use the Incoming Mail Gateway for this same purpose. You still need a correctly configured mail gateway to use aliases, however a single catchall domain will be sufficient since all routing will be done inside Odoo. Aliases have several advantages over Mail Gateways:

  • Easier to configure
    • A single incoming gateway can be used by many aliases; this avoids having to configure multiple emails on your domain name (all configuration is done inside Odoo)
    • No need for System access rights to configure aliases
  • More coherent
    • Configurable on the related record, not in a Settings submenu
  • Easier to override server-side
    • Mixin model is built to be extended from the start, allowing you to extract useful data from incoming e-mails more easily than with a mail gateway.

Alias support integration

Aliases are usually configured on a parent model which will then create specific record when contacted by e-mail. For example, Project have aliases to create tasks or issues, Sales Team have aliases to generate Leads.

Alias support is added by inheriting mail.alias.mixin; this mixin will generate a new mail.alias record for each record of the parent class that gets created (for example, every project.project record having its mail.alias record initialized on creation).

Unlike mail.thread inheritance, the mail.alias.mixin requires some specific overrides to work correctly. These overrides will specify the values of the created alias, like the kind of record it must create and possibly some default values these records may have depending on the parent object:

get_alias_model_name(vals)

Return the model name for the alias. Incoming emails that are not replies to existing records will cause the creation of a new record of this alias model. The value may depend on vals, the dict of values passed to create when a record of this model is created.

Parameters
dict (vals) -- values of the newly created record that will holding the alias
Returns
model name
Return type
str
get_alias_values()

Return values to create an alias, or to write on the alias after its creation. While not completely mandatory, it is usually required to make sure that newly created records will be linked to the alias' parent (i.e. tasks getting created in the right project) by setting a dictionary of default values in the alias' alias_defaults field.

Returns
dictionnary of values that will be written to the new alias
Return type
dict

The get_alias_values() override is particularly interesting as it allows you to modify the behaviour of your aliases easily. Among the fields that can be set on the alias, the following are of particular interest:

alias_name - Char
name of the email alias, e.g. 'jobs' if you want to catch emails for <[email protected]>
alias_user_id - Many2one (res.users)
owner of records created upon receiving emails on this alias; if this field is not set the system will attempt to find the right owner based on the sender (From) address, or will use the Administrator account if no system user is found for that address
alias_defaults - Text
Python dictionary that will be evaluated to provide default values when creating new records for this alias
alias_force_thread_id - Integer
optional ID of a thread (record) to which all incoming messages will be attached, even if they did not reply to it; if set, this will disable the creation of new records completely
alias_contact - Selection

Policy to post a message on the document using the mailgateway

  • everyone: everyone can post
  • partners: only authenticated partners
  • followers: only followers of the related document or members of following channels

Note that aliases make use of delegation inheritance, which means that while the alias is stored in another table, you have access to all these fields directly from your parent object. This allows you to make your alias easily configurable from the record's form view.

Website features

Visitor tracking

The utm.mixin class can be used to track online marketing/communication campaigns through arguments in links to specified resources. The mixin adds 3 fields to your model:

  • campaign_id: Many2one field to a utm.campaign object (i.e. Christmas_Special, Fall_Collection, etc.)
  • source_id: Many2one field to a utm.source object (i.e. Search Engine, mailing list, etc.)
  • medium_id: Many2one field to a utm.medium object (i.e. Snail Mail, e-Mail, social network update, etc.)

These models have a single field name (i.e. they are simply there to distinguish campaigns but don't have any specific behaviour).

Once a customer visits your website with these parameters set in the url (i.e. http://www.odoo.com/?campaign_id=mixin_talk&source_id=www.odoo.com&medium_id=website), three cookies are set in the visitor's website for these parameters. Once a object that inherits the utm.mixin is created from the website (i.e. lead form, job application, etc.), the utm.mixin code kicks in and fetches the values from the cookies to set them in the new record. Once this is done, you can then use the campaign/source/medium fields as any other field when defining reports and views (group by, etc.).

To extend this behaviour, simply add a relational field to a simple model (the model should support the quick create (i.e. call to create() with a single name value) and extend the function tracking_fields():

class UtmMyTrack(models.Model):
    _name = 'my_module.my_track'
    _description = 'My Tracking Object'

    name = fields.Char(string='Name', required=True)


class MyModel(models.Models):
    _name = 'my_module.my_model'
    _inherit = ['utm.mixin']
    _description = 'My Tracked Object'

    my_field = fields.Many2one('my_module.my_track', 'My Field')

    @api.model
    def tracking_fields(self):
        result = super(MyModel, self).tracking_fields()
        result.append([
        # ("URL_PARAMETER", "FIELD_NAME_MIXIN", "NAME_IN_COOKIES")
            ('my_field', 'my_field', 'odoo_utm_my_field')
        ])
        return result

This will tell the system to create a cookie named odoo_utm_my_field with the value found in the url parameter my_field; once a new record of this model is created by a call from a website form, the generic override of the create() method of utm.mixin will fetch the default values for this field from the cookie (and the my_module.my_track record will be creatwed on the fly if it does not exist yet).

You can find concrete examples of integration in the following models:

  • crm.lead in the CRM (crm) Application
  • hr.applicant in the Recruitment Process (hr_recruitment) Application
  • helpdesk.ticket in the Helpdesk (helpdesk - Odoo Enterprise only) Application

Website visibility

You can quite easily add a website visibility toggle on any of your record. While this mixin is quite easy to implement manually, it is the most often-used after the mail.thread inheritance; a testament to its usefulness. The typical use case for this mixin is any object that has a frontend-page; being able to control the visibility of the page allows you to take your time while editing the page and only publish it when you're satisfied.

To include the functionnality, you only need to inherit website.published.mixin:

class BlogPost(models.Model):
    _name = "blog.post"
    _description = "Blog Post"
    _inherit = ['website.published.mixin']

This mixin adds 2 fields on your model:

  • website_published: Boolean field which represents the status of the publication
  • website_url: Char field which represents the URL through which the object is accessed

Note that this last field is a computed field and must be implemented for your class:

def _compute_website_url(self):
    for blog_post in self:
        blog_post.website_url = "/blog/%s" % (log_post.blog_id)

Once the mechanism is in place, you just have to adapt your frontend and backend views to make it accessible. In the backend, adding a button in the button box is usually the way to go:

<button class="oe_stat_button" name="website_publish_button"
    type="object" icon="fa-globe">
    <field name="website_published" widget="website_button"/>
</button>

In the frontend, some security checks are needed to avoid showing 'Edition' buttons to website visitors:

<div id="website_published_button" class="pull-right"
     groups="base.group_website_publisher"> <!-- or any other meaningful group -->
    <t t-call="website.publish_management">
      <t t-set="object" t-value="blog_post"/>
      <t t-set="publish_edit" t-value="True"/>
      <t t-set="action" t-value="'blog.blog_post_action'"/>
    </t>
</div>

Note that you must pass your object as the variable object to the template; in this example, the blog.post record was passed as the blog_post variable to the qweb rendering engine, it is necessary to specify this to the publish management template. The publish_edit variable allow the frontend button to link to the backend (allowing you to switch from frontend to backend and vice-versa easily); if set, you must specify the full external id of the action you want to call in the backend in the action variable (note that a Form View must exist for the model).

The action website_publish_button is defined in the mixin and adapts its behaviour to your object: if the class has a valid website_url compute function, the user is redirected to the frontend when he clicks on the button; the user can then publish the page directly from the frontend. This ensures that no online publication can happen by accident. If there is not compute function, the boolean website_published is simply triggered.

Website metadata

This simple mixin simply allows you to easily inject metadata in your frontend pages.

class BlogPost(models.Model):
    _name = "blog.post"
    _description = "Blog Post"
    _inherit = ['website.seo.metadata', 'website.published.mixin']

This mixin adds 3 fields on your model:

  • website_meta_title: Char field that allow you to set an additional title to your page
  • website_meta_description: Char field that contains a short description of the page (sometimes used in search engines results)
  • website_meta_keywords: Char field that contains some keywords to help your page to be classified more precisely by search engines; the "Promote" tool will help you select lexically-related keywords easily

These fields are editable in the frontend using the "Promote" tool from the Editor toolbar. Setting these fields can help search engines to better index your pages. Note that search engines do not base their results only on these metadata; the best SEO practice should still be to get referenced by reliable sources.

Others

Customer Rating

The rating mixin allows sending email to ask for customer rating, automatic transitioning in a kanban processes and aggregating statistics on your ratings.

Adding rating on your model

To add rating support, simply inherit the rating.mixin model:

class MyModel(models.Models):
    _name = 'my_module.my_model'
    _inherit = ['rating.mixin', 'mail.thread']

    user_id = fields.Many2one('res.users', 'Responsible')
    partner_id = fields.Many2one('res.partner', 'Customer')

The behaviour of the mixin adapts to your model:

  • The rating.rating record will be linked to the partner_id field of your model (if the field is present).

    • this behaviour can be overriden with the function rating_get_partner_id() if you use another field than partner_id

  • The rating.rating record will be linked to the partner of the user_id field of your model (if the field is present) (i.e. the partner who is rated)

    • this behaviour can be overriden with the function rating_get_rated_partner_id() if you use another field than user_id (note that the function must return a res.partner, for user_id the system automatically fetches the partner of the user)
  • The chatter history will display the rating event (if your model inherits from mail.thread)

Send rating requests by e-mail

If you wish to send emails to request a rating, simply generate an e-mail with links to the rating object. A very basic email template could look like this:

<record id="rating_my_model_email_template" model="mail.template">
            <field name="name">My Model: Rating Request</field>
            <field name="email_from">${object.rating_get_rated_partner_id().email or '' | safe}</field>
            <field name="subject">Service Rating Request</field>
            <field name="model_id" ref="my_module.model_my_model"/>
            <field name="partner_to" >${object.rating_get_partner_id().id}</field>
            <field name="auto_delete" eval="True"/>
            <field name="body_html"><![CDATA[
% set access_token = object.rating_get_access_token()
<p>Hi,</p>
<p>How satsified are you?</p>
<ul>
    <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/10">Satisfied</a></li>
    <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/5">Not satisfied</a></li>
    <li><a href="/rating/${access_token}/1">Very unsatisfied</a></li>
</ul>
]]></field>
</record>

Your customer will then receive an e-mail with links to a simple webpage allowing them to provide a feedback on their interaction with your users (including a free-text feedback message).

You can then quite easily integrate your ratings with your form view by defining an action for the ratings:

<record id="rating_rating_action_my_model" model="ir.actions.act_window">
    <field name="name">Customer Ratings</field>
    <field name="res_model">rating.rating</field>
    <field name="view_mode">kanban,pivot,graph</field>
    <field name="domain">[('res_model', '=', 'my_module.my_model'), ('res_id', '=', active_id), ('consumed', '=', True)]</field>
</record>

<record id="my_module_my_model_view_form_inherit_rating" model="ir.ui.view">
    <field name="name">my_module.my_model.view.form.inherit.rating</field>
    <field name="model">my_module.my_model</field>
    <field name="inherit_id" ref="my_module.my_model_view_form"/>
    <field name="arch" type="xml">
        <xpath expr="//div[@name='button_box']" position="inside">
            <button name="%(rating_rating_action_my_model)d" type="action"
                    class="oe_stat_button" icon="fa-smile-o">
                <field name="rating_count" string="Rating" widget="statinfo"/>
            </button>
        </xpath>
    </field>
</record>

Note that there are default views (kanban,pivot,graph) for ratings which allow you a quick bird's eye view of your customer ratings.

You can find concrete examples of integration in the following models:

  • project.task in the Project (rating_project) Application
  • helpdesk.ticket in the Helpdesk (helpdesk - Odoo Enterprise only) Application