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How to Remove an Interface From an Aggregation
Assume the Primary Administrator role, or become superuser.
The Primary Administrator role includes the Primary Administrator profile. To create the role and assign the role to a user, see Chapter 2, "Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)," in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.
Remove an interface from the aggregation.
# dladm remove-aggr -d interface
Example 6-6 Removing Interfaces From an Aggregation
This example shows how to remove the interfaces of the aggregation aggr1.
# dladm show-aggr
key: 1 (0x0001) policy: L2 address: 0:3:ba:7:84:5e (auto)
device address speed duplex link state
bge0 0:3:ba:7:84:5e 1000 Mbps full up attached
bge1 0:3:ba:7:84:5e 0 Mbps unknown down standby
# dladm remove-aggr -d bge1 1
# dladm show-aggr
key: 1 (0x0001) policy: L2 address: 0:3:ba:7:84:5e (auto)
device address speed duplex link state
bge0 0:3:ba:7:84:5e 1000 Mbps full up attached
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How to Delete an Aggregation
Assume the Primary Administrator role, or become superuser.
The Primary Administrator role includes the Primary Administrator profile. To create the role and assign the role to a user, see Chapter 2, "Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)," in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.
Delete the aggregation.
# dladm remove-aggr key
key
Is a number that identifies the aggregation. The lowest key number is 1. Zeroes are not allowed as keys.
Example 6-7 How to Delete an Aggregation
This example shows how to remove the aggregation aggr1.
# dladm show-aggr
key: 1 (0x0001) policy: L2 address: 0:3:ba:7:84:5e (auto)
device address speed duplex link state
# dladm remove-aggr -d bge0 1
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Configuring and Communicating Over WiFi Interfaces
The IEEE 802.11 specifications define wireless communications for local area networks. These specifications and the networks they describe are referred to collectively as WiFi, a term that is trademarked by the Wi-Fi Alliance trade group. WiFi networks are reasonably easy to configure by both providers and prospective clients. Therefore, they are increasingly popular and in common use throughout the world. WiFi networks use the same radio wave technology as cellular phones, televisions, and radios.
The Solaris OS contains features that enable you to configure a system as a WiFi client. This section explains how to use the WiFi connectivity options of the dladm command to connect a laptop or home computer to a local WiFi network.
Note - The Solaris OS does not contain features for configuring WiFi servers or access points.
Finding a WiFi Network
WiFi networks typically come in three varieties:
Commercially available WiFi networks
Municipal WiFi networks
Private WiFi networks
A location that is served by WiFi is referred to as a hot spot. Each hot spot includes an access point. The access point is a router with a "wired" connection to the Internet, for example, Ethernet or DSL. The Internet connection is usually through a wireless Internet service provider (WISP) or traditional ISP.
Commercial WiFi Networks
Many hotels and cafes offer wireless Internet connections as a service to their customers with laptop computers. These commercial hot spots have access points within their facilities. The access points are routers with wired connections to a WISP that serves commercial locations. Typical WISPs include independent providers and cellular phone companies.
You can use a laptop that runs the Solaris OS to connect to a WiFi network that is offered by a hotel or other commercial hot spot. Ask for instructions at the hot spot for connecting to the WiFi network. Typically, the connection process involves supplying a key to a browser that you launch upon login. You might have to pay a fee to the hotel or WISP in order to use the network.
Commercial locations that are Internet hot spots usually advertise this capability to their patrons. You can also find lists of wireless hot spots from various web sites, for example, Wi-FiHotSpotList.com.
Municipal WiFi Networks
Cities throughout the world, cities have constructed free municipal WiFi networks, which their citizens can access from systems in their homes. Municipal WiFi uses radio transmitters on telephone poles or other outdoor locations to form a "mesh" over the area that the network serves. These transmitters are the access points to the municipal WiFi network. If your area is served by a municipal WiFi network, your home might be included in the network's mesh.
Access to municipal WiFi is usually free. You can access the municipal network from a properly equipped laptop or personal computer that runs the Solaris OS. You do not need a home router to access the municipal network from your system. However, configuring a home router is recommended for areas where the signal from the municipal network is weak. Home routers are also recommended if you require secure connections over the WiFi network. For more information, see WiFi Networks and Security.
Private WiFi Networks
Because WiFi networks are relatively easy to configure, companies and universities use private WiFi networks with access limited to employees or students. Private WiFi networks typically require you to supply a key when you connect or run a secure VPN after you connect. You need a properly equipped laptop or PC that runs the Solaris OS and permission to use the security features in order to connect to the private network.
Planning for WiFi Communications
Before you can connect your system to a WiFi network, complete the following instructions.
How to Prepare a System for WiFi Communications
Before You Begin
The following preparations assumes that your system is a laptop or personal computer that runs the Solaris Express, Developer Edition 2/07 release.
Equip your system with a supported WiFi interface.
Your system must have a WiFi card that is supported by Solaris. For the Solaris Express, Developer Edition 2/07, you can use WiFi cards that support most Atheros chip sets. For a list of currently supported drivers and chip sets, , refer to Wireless Networking for OpenSolaris.
If the interface is not already present on the system, follow the manufacturer's instructions for installing the interface card. You configure the interface software during the procedure How to Connect to a WiFi Network.
Locate your system in a place that is served by a WiFi network, either commercial, municipal, or private.
Your system must be near the access point for the network, which is normally not a consideration for a commercial or private network hot spot. However, if you plan to use a free municipal network, your location must be near the transmitter access point.
(Optional) Set up a wireless router to serve as an additional access point.
Set up your own router if no WiFi network is available at your location. For example, if you have a DSL line, connect the wireless router to the DSL router. Then the wireless router becomes the access point for your wireless devices.
How to Connect to a WiFi Network
Before You Begin
The following procedure assumes that you have followed the instructions in How to Prepare a System for WiFi Communications.
Assume the Primary Administrator role, or become superuser.
The Primary Administrator role includes the Primary Administrator profile. To create the role and assign the role to a user, see Chapter 2, "Working With the Solaris Management Console (Tasks)," in System Administration Guide: Basic Administration.
Check for available links.
# dladm show-link ath0 type: non-vlan mtu: 1500 device: ath0 e1000g type: non-vlan mtu: 1500 device: e1000g
In this example, the output indicates that two links are available. The ath0 link supports WiFi communications using the Solaris Express, Developer Edition 2/07 software. The e1000g link is for attaching the system to a wired network.
Configure the WiFi interface.
Use the following steps to configure the interface:
Plumb the link that supports WiFi:
# ifconfig ath0 plumb
Verify that the link has been plumbed:
# ifconfig -a lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1 inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000 e1000g: flags=2001004802<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 2 inet 0.0.0.0 netmask 0 ether 0:e:6:4:8:1 ath0: flags=201000803<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3 inet 0.0.0.0 netmask ff000000 ether 0:b:6:e:f:18
# dladm scan-wifi LINK ESSID BSSID/IBSSID SEC STRENGTH MODE SPEED ath0 net1 00:0e:38:49:01:d0 none good g 54Mb ath0 net2 00:0e:38:49:02:f0 none very weak g 54Mb ath0 net3 00:0d:ed:a5:47:e0 none very good g 54Mb
The example output of the scan-wifi command displays information about the available WiFi networks at the current location. The information in the output includes:
LINK
Link name to be used in the WiFi connection.
ESSID
Extended Service Set ID. The ESSID is the name of the WiFi network, such as net1, net2, and net3 in the example output.
BSSID/IBSSID
Basic Service Set ID, the unique identifier for a particular ESSID. The BSSID is the 48-bit MAC address of the nearby access point that serves the network with a particular ESSID.
SEC
Type of security that is needed to access the network. The values are none or WEP. For information about WEP, refer to WiFi Networks and Security.
STRENGTH
Strength of the radio signals from the WiFi networks that are available at your location.
MODE
Version of the 802 .11 protocol that is run by the network. The modes are a, b, or g, or these modes in combination.
SPEED
Speed in megabits per second of the particular network.
Connect to a WiFi network.
Connect to the unsecured WiFi network with the strongest signal.
# dladm connect-wifi
Connect to an unsecured network by specifying its ESSID.
# dladm connect-wifi -e ESSID
The connect-wifi subcommand of dladm has several more options for connecting to a WiFi network. For complete details, refer to the dladm(1M) man page.
Configure an IP address for the interface.
Do either of the following:
Obtain an IP address from a DHCP server.
# ifconfig interface dhcp start
If the WiFi network does not support DHCP, you receive the following message:
ifconfig: interface: interface does not exist or cannot be managed using DHCP
Configure a static IP address:
Use this option if you have a dedicated IP address for the system.
# ifconfig interface IP-address/CIDR-mask | netmask
Check the status of the WiFi network to which the system is connected.
# dladm show-wifi LINK STATUS ESSID SEC STRENGTH MODE SPEED ath0 connected net3 none very good g 36Mb
In this example, the output indicates that the system is now connected to the net3 network. The earlier scan-wifi output indicated that net3 had the strongest signal among the available networks. The dladm show-wifi command automatically chooses the WiFi network with strongest signal, unless you directly specify a different network.
Access the Internet through the WiFi network.
Do either of the following, depending on the network to which the system is connected:
If the access point offers free service, you can now run a browser or an application of your choice.
If the access point is in a commercial hot spot that requires a fee, follow the instructions provided at the current location. Typically, you run a browser, supply a key, and give credit card information to the network provider.
Conclude the session.
Terminate the WiFi session but leave the system running.
# dladm disconnect-wifi
Terminate a particular WiFi session when more than one session is currently running.
# dladm disconnect-wifi link
where link represents the interface that was used for the session.
Cleanly shut down the system while the WiFi session is running.
# shutdown -g0 -i5
You do not need to explicitly disconnect the WiFi session prior to turning off the system through the shutdown command.
Example 6-8 Connecting to a Specific WiFi Network
The following example shows a typical scenario that you might encounter when using a laptop that runs the Solaris Express, Developer Edition 2/07 release in an Internet coffee house.
Learn whether a WiFi link is available.
# dladm show-wifi ath0 type: non-vlan mtu: 1500 device: ath0 |
The ath0 link is installed on the laptop. Configure the ath0 interface, and verify that it is up.
# ifconfig ath0 plumb
# ifconfig -a
lo0: flags=2001000849<LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
ath0: flags=201000803<BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3
inet 0.0.0.0 netmask ff000000
ether 0:b:6b:4e:8f:18
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Display the available WiFi links at your location.
# dladm scan-wifi LINK ESSID BSSID/IBSSID SEC STRENGTH MODE SPEED ath0 net1 00:0e:38:49:01:d0 none weak g 54Mb ath0 net2 00:0e:38:49:02:f0 none very weak g 54Mb ath0 net3 00:0d:ed:a5:47:e0 wep very good g 54Mb ath0 citinet 00:40:96:2a:56:b5 none good b 11Mb |
The output indicates that net3 has the best signal. net3 requires a key, for which the provider for the coffee house charges a fee. citinet is a free network provided by the local town.
Connect to the citinet network.
# dladm connect-wifi -e citinet |
The -e option of connect-wifi takes the ESSID of the preferred WiFi network as its argument. The argument in this command is citinet, the ESSID of the free local network. The dladm connect-wifi command offers several options for connecting to the WiFi network. For more information, refer to the dladm(1M) man page.
Configure an IP address for the WiFi interface.
# ifconfig ath0 10.192.16.3/24 up
# ifconfig -a
lo0: flags=2001000849<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING,MULTICAST,IPv4,VIRTUAL> mtu 8232 index 1
inet 127.0.0.1 netmask ff000000
e1000g0: flags=201004843<UP,,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 3
inet 129.146.69.34 netmask fffffe00 broadcast 129.146.69.255
ether 0:e:7b:b5:64:a4
ath0: flags=201004843<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST,DHCP,IPv4,CoS> mtu 1500 index 4
inet 10.192.16.3 netmask ffffff00 broadcast 10.255.255.255
ether 0:b:6b:4e:8f:18
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This example assumes that you have the static IP address 10.192.16.3/24 configured on your laptop.
# dladm show-wifi LINK STATUS ESSID SEC STRENGTH MODE SPEED ath0 connected citinet none good g 11Mb |
The output indicates that the laptop is now connected to network citinet.
# firefox |
The home page for the Firefox browser displays.
Run a browser or other application to commence your work over the WiFi network.
# dladm disconnect-wifi # dladm show-wifi LINK STATUS ESSID SEC STRENGTH MODE SPEED ath0 disconnected -- -- -- -- -- |
The output of show-wifi verifies that you have disconnected the ath0 link from the WiFi network.