Module math

This module is always available. It provides access to the mathematical functions defined by the C standard.

Functions

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acos(x)
Return the arc cosine (measured in radians) of x.

asin(x)
Return the arc sine (measured in radians) of x.

atan(x)
Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of x.

atan2(y, x)
Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x.

ceil(x)
Return the ceiling of x as a float.

cos(x)
Return the cosine of x (measured in radians).

cosh(x)
Return the hyperbolic cosine of x.

converts angle x from radians to degrees

degrees(x)

exp(x)
Return e raised to the power of x.

fabs(x)
Return the absolute value of the float x.

floor(x)
Return the floor of x as a float.

fmod(x, y)
Return fmod(x, y), according to platform C.

frexp(x)
Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e).

hypot(x, y)
Return the Euclidean distance, sqrt(x*x + y*y).

x * (2**i)

ldexp(x, i)

the logarithm of x to the given base

log(x, base=...)
If the base not specified, returns the natural logarithm (base e) of x.

the base 10 logarithm of x.

log10(x)

modf(x)
Return the fractional and integer parts of x.

pow(x, y)
Return x**y (x to the power of y).

converts angle x from degrees to radians

radians(x)

sin(x)
Return the sine of x (measured in radians).

sinh(x)
Return the hyperbolic sine of x.

sqrt(x)
Return the square root of x.

tan(x)
Return the tangent of x (measured in radians).

tanh(x)
Return the hyperbolic tangent of x.

Variables

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e = 2.71828182846

pi = 3.14159265359

Function Details

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atan2(y, x)

Return the arc tangent (measured in radians) of y/x. Unlike atan(y/x), the signs of both x and y are considered.

ceil(x)

Return the ceiling of x as a float. This is the smallest integral value >= x.

floor(x)

Return the floor of x as a float. This is the largest integral value <= x.

fmod(x, y)

Return fmod(x, y), according to platform C. x % y may differ.

frexp(x)

Return the mantissa and exponent of x, as pair (m, e). m is a float and e is an int, such that x = m * 2.**e. If x is 0, m and e are both 0. Else 0.5 <= abs(m) < 1.0.

modf(x)

Return the fractional and integer parts of x. Both results carry the sign of x. The integer part is returned as a real.