Trees

Unity's Terrain Engine has special support for Trees. You can put thousands of trees onto a Terrain, and render them in-game with a practical frame rate. This works by rendering trees near the camera in full 3D, and transitioning far-away trees to 2D billboards. Billboards in the distance will automatically update to orient themselves correctly as they are viewed from different angles. This transition system makes a detailed tree environment very simple for performance. You have complete control over tweaking the parameters of the mesh-to-billboard transition so you can get the best performance you need.

Adding Trees

Select the Place Trees button in the Inspector.

Before you can place trees on your terrain, you have to add them to the library of available trees. To do this, click the Edit Trees button->Add Tree. You'll see the Add Tree dialog appear.

Select the tree from your Project View and drag it to the Tree variable. You can also edit the Bend Factor if you want to add an additional bit of animated "bending in the wind" effect to the trees. When you're ready, click Add. The tree will now appear selected in the Inspector.

You can add as many trees as you like. Each one will be selectable in the Inspector for you to place on your Terrain.

Painting Trees

While still using the Place Trees tool, click anywhere on the Terrain to place your trees. To erase trees, hold the Shift button and click on the Terrain.

There are a number of options at your disposal when placing trees.

Brush Size	Radius in meters of the tree placing brush.
Tree Spacing	Percentage of tree width between trees.
Color Variation	Allowed amount of color difference between each tree.
Tree Height	Height adjustment of each tree compared to the asset.
Height Variation	Allowed amount of difference in height between each tree.
Tree Width	Width adjustment of each tree compared to the asset.
Width Variation	Allowed amount of difference in width between each tree.

Tree Painting Tips

Editing Trees

To change any import parameters for an added tree, select the detail and choose Edit Trees button->Edit Detail. Or double-click the tree you want to edit. You will then see the Edit Tree dialog, and you can change any of the settings.

Mass Placement

If you don't want to paint your trees and you just want a whole forest created, click on the Mass Place Trees button. Here, you will see the Mass Place Trees dialog. You can set the number of trees you want placed, and they'll be instantly positioned. All the trees added to your Terrain will be used in this mass placement.

Refreshing Source Assets

If you make any updates to your tree asset source file, it must be manually re-imported into the Terrain. To do this, use Terrain->Refresh Tree and Detail Prototypes. This is done after you've changed your source asset and saved it, and will refresh the trees in your Terrain immediately.

Creating Trees

Trees can be created in two ways to the terrain engine:

The first one is by using the Tree creator that Unity comes with, and the second one is by using a 3rd party modeling program compatible with Unity, in this case every tree should consist of a single mesh with two Materials. One for the trunk and one for the leaves.

For performance reasons, triangle count should be kept below 2000 for an average tree. The fewer triangles the better. The pivot point of the tree mesh must be exactly at the root of the tree, that is at the point where the tree should meet the surface it is placed on. This makes it the easiest to import into Unity and other modelling applications.

Trees must use the Nature/Soft Occlusion Leaves and Nature/Soft Occlusion Bark shader. In order to use those shaders you also have to place the tree in a special folder that contains the name "Ambient-Occlusion". When you place a model in that folder and reimport it, Unity will calculate soft ambient occlusion specialized for trees. The "Nature/Soft Occlusion" shaders need this information. If you don't follow the naming conventions the tree will look weird with completely black parts.

Unity also ships with several high quality trees in the "Terrain Demo.unitypackage". You can use those trees readily in your game.

Using Low Poly Trees

One branch with leaves is done with only six triangles and shows quite a bit of curvature. You can add more triangles for even more curvature. But the main point is: When making trees, work with triangles not with quads. If you use quads you basically need twice as many triangles to get the same curvature on branches.

The tree itself wastes a lot of fillrate by having large polygons but almost everything is invisible due to the alpha. This should be avoided for performance reasons and of course because the goal is to make dense trees. This is one of the things that makes Oblivion's trees look great. They are so dense you can't even see through the leaves.

Setting up Tree Collisions

If you'd like your trees to make use of colliders, it's very easy. When you've imported your Tree asset file, all you need to do is instantiate it in the Scene View, add a Capsule Collider and tweak it, and make the GameObject into a new Prefab. Then when you're adding trees to your Terrain, you add the tree Prefab with the Capsule Collider attached. You can only use Capsule Colliders when adding collisions with trees.

Making your Trees Collide.

If you want to make your trees collide with rigid bodies, make sure you you check the Create Tree Colliders box. else your objects will go trough the trees you create. Note that the PhysX engine used by Unity only handles a maximum of 65536 colliders in a scene. If you use more trees then that (minus the other colliders already in the scene), then enabling tree colliders will fail with an error.

Page last updated: 2013-07-15