Request-Level Client-Side API
The request-level API is the recommended and most convenient way of using Akka HTTP’s client-side functionality. It internally builds upon the Host-Level Client-Side API to provide you with a simple and easy-to-use way of retrieving HTTP responses from remote servers. Depending on your preference you can pick the flow-based or the future-based variant.
The request-level API is implemented on top of a connection pool that is shared inside the ActorSystem. A consequence of using a pool is that long-running requests block a connection while running and starve other requests. Make sure not to use the request-level API for long-running requests like long-polling GET requests. Use the Connection-Level Client-Side API or an extra pool just for the long-running connection instead.
Future-Based Variant
Most often your HTTP client needs are very basic. You simply need the HTTP response for a certain request and don’t want to bother with setting up a full-blown streaming infrastructure.
For these cases Akka HTTP offers the Http().singleRequest(...)
method, which simply turns an HttpRequest
instance into CompletionStage<HttpResponse>
. Internally the request is dispatched across the (cached) host connection pool for the request’s effective URI.
Just like in the case of the super-pool flow described above the request must have either an absolute URI or a valid Host
header, otherwise the returned future will be completed with an error.
final ActorSystem system = ActorSystem.create();
final Materializer materializer = ActorMaterializer.create(system);
final CompletionStage<HttpResponse> responseFuture =
Http.get(system)
.singleRequest(HttpRequest.create("http://akka.io"), materializer);
Using the Future-Based API in Actors
When using the CompletionStage
based API from inside an Actor
, all the usual caveats apply to how one should deal with the futures completion. For example you should not access the Actors state from within the CompletionStage’s callbacks (such as map
, onComplete
, …) and instead you should use the pipe
pattern to pipe the result back to the Actor as a message:
class Myself extends AbstractActor {
final Http http = Http.get(context().system());
final ExecutionContextExecutor dispatcher = context().dispatcher();
final Materializer materializer = ActorMaterializer.create(context());
public Myself() { // syntax changes slightly in Akka 2.5, see the migration guide
receive(ReceiveBuilder
.match(String.class, url -> {
pipe(fetch (url), dispatcher).to(self());
}).build());
}
CompletionStage<HttpResponse> fetch(String url) {
return http.singleRequest(HttpRequest.create(url), materializer);
}
}
Be sure to consume the response entities dataBytes:Source[ByteString,Unit]
by for example connecting it to a Sink
(for example response.discardEntityBytes(Materializer)
if you don’t care about the response entity), since otherwise Akka HTTP (and the underlying Streams infrastructure) will understand the lack of entity consumption as a back-pressure signal and stop reading from the underlying TCP connection!
This is a feature of Akka HTTP that allows consuming entities (and pulling them through the network) in a streaming fashion, and only on demand when the client is ready to consume the bytes - it may be a bit surprising at first though.
There are tickets open about automatically dropping entities if not consumed (#183 and #117), so these may be implemented in the near future.
Flow-Based Variant
The flow-based variant of the request-level client-side API is presented by the Http().superPool(...)
method. It creates a new “super connection pool flow”, which routes incoming requests to a (cached) host connection pool depending on their respective effective URIs.
The Flow
returned by Http().superPool(...)
is very similar to the one from the Host-Level Client-Side API, so the Using a Host Connection Pool section also applies here.
However, there is one notable difference between a “host connection pool client flow” for the host-level API and a “super-pool flow”: Since in the former case the flow has an implicit target host context the requests it takes don’t need to have absolute URIs or a valid Host
header. The host connection pool will automatically add a Host
header if required.
For a super-pool flow this is not the case. All requests to a super-pool must either have an absolute URI or a valid Host
header, because otherwise it’d be impossible to find out which target endpoint to direct the request to.