Pools

When you first deploy a cluster without creating a pool, Ceph uses the default pools for storing data. A pool provides you with:

• Resilience: You can set how many OSD are allowed to fail without losing data. For replicated pools, it is the desired number of copies/replicas of an object. A typical configuration stores an object and one additional copy (i.e., size = 2), but you can determine the number of copies/replicas. For erasure coded pools, it is the number of coding chunks (i.e. m=2 in the erasure code profile)
• Placement Groups: You can set the number of placement groups for the pool. A typical configuration uses approximately 100 placement groups per OSD to provide optimal balancing without using up too many computing resources. When setting up multiple pools, be careful to ensure you set a reasonable number of placement groups for both the pool and the cluster as a whole.
• CRUSH Rules: When you store data in a pool, a CRUSH ruleset mapped to the pool enables CRUSH to identify a rule for the placement of the object and its replicas (or chunks for erasure coded pools) in your cluster. You can create a custom CRUSH rule for your pool.
• Snapshots: When you create snapshots with ceph osd pool mksnap, you effectively take a snapshot of a particular pool.
• Set Ownership: You can set a user ID as the owner of a pool.

To organize data into pools, you can list, create, and remove pools. You can also view the utilization statistics for each pool.

List Pools

To list your cluster’s pools, execute:

ceph osd lspools

The default pools include:

• data
• metadata
• rbd

Create a Pool

Before creating pools, refer to the Pool, PG and CRUSH Config Reference. Ideally, you should override the default value for the number of placement groups in your Ceph configuration file, as the default is NOT ideal. For example:

osd pool default pg num = 100
osd pool default pgp num = 100

To create a pool, execute:

ceph osd pool create {pool-name} {pg-num} [{pgp-num}] [replicated] \
     [crush-ruleset-name]
ceph osd pool create {pool-name} {pg-num}  {pgp-num}   erasure \
     [erasure-code-profile] [crush-ruleset-name]

Where:

{pool-name}

Description:The name of the pool. It must be unique. Type:String Required:Yes. Picks up default or Ceph configuration value if not specified.

{pg-num}

Description:The total number of placement groups for the pool. See Placement Groups for details on calculating a suitable number. The default value 8 is NOT suitable for most systems. Type:Integer Required:Yes Default:8

{pgp-num}

Description:The total number of placement groups for placement purposes. This should be equal to the total number of placement groups, except for placement group splitting scenarios. Type:Integer Required:Yes. Picks up default or Ceph configuration value if not specified. Default:8

{replicated|erasure}

Description:The pool type which may either be replicated to recover from lost OSDs by keeping multiple copies of the objects or erasure to get a kind of generalized RAID5 capability. The replicated pools require more raw storage but implement all Ceph operations. The erasure pools require less raw storage but only implement a subset of the available operations. Type:String Required:No. Default:replicated

[crush-ruleset-name]

Description:The name of the crush ruleset for this pool. If specified ruleset doesn’t exist, the creation of replicated pool will fail with -ENOENT. But replicated pool will create a new erasure ruleset with specified name. Type:String Required:No. Default:“erasure-code” for erasure pool. Pick up Ceph configuraion variable osd_pool_default_crush_replicated_ruleset for replicated pool.

[erasure-code-profile=profile]

Description:For erasure pools only. Use the erasure code profile. It must be an existing profile as defined by osd erasure-code-profile set. Type:String Required:No.

When you create a pool, set the number of placement groups to a reasonable value (e.g., 100). Consider the total number of placement groups per OSD too. Placement groups are computationally expensive, so performance will degrade when you have many pools with many placement groups (e.g., 50 pools with 100 placement groups each). The point of diminishing returns depends upon the power of the OSD host.

See Placement Groups for details on calculating an appropriate number of placement groups for your pool.

Set Pool Quotas

You can set pool quotas for the maximum number of bytes and/or the maximum number of objects per pool.

ceph osd pool set-quota {pool-name} [max_objects {obj-count}] [max_bytes {bytes}]

For example:

ceph osd pool set-quota data max_objects 10000

To remove a quota, set its value to 0.

Delete a Pool

To delete a pool, execute:

ceph osd pool delete {pool-name} [{pool-name} --yes-i-really-really-mean-it]

If you created your own rulesets and rules for a pool you created, you should consider removing them when you no longer need your pool. If you created users with permissions strictly for a pool that no longer exists, you should consider deleting those users too.

Rename a Pool

To rename a pool, execute:

ceph osd pool rename {current-pool-name} {new-pool-name}

If you rename a pool and you have per-pool capabilities for an authenticated user, you must update the user’s capabilities (i.e., caps) with the new pool name.

Note

Version 0.48 Argonaut and above.

Show Pool Statistics

To show a pool’s utilization statistics, execute:

rados df

Make a Snapshot of a Pool

To make a snapshot of a pool, execute:

ceph osd pool mksnap {pool-name} {snap-name}

Note

Version 0.48 Argonaut and above.

Remove a Snapshot of a Pool

To remove a snapshot of a pool, execute:

ceph osd pool rmsnap {pool-name} {snap-name}

Note

Version 0.48 Argonaut and above.

Set Pool Values

To set a value to a pool, execute the following:

ceph osd pool set {pool-name} {key} {value}

You may set values for the following keys:

size

Description:Sets the number of replicas for objects in the pool. See Set the Number of Object Replicas for further details. Replicated pools only. Type:Integer

min_size

Description:Sets the minimum number of replicas required for I/O. See Set the Number of Object Replicas for further details. Replicated pools only. Type:Integer Version:0.54 and above

crash_replay_interval

Description:The number of seconds to allow clients to replay acknowledged, but uncommitted requests. Type:Integer

pgp_num

Description:The effective number of placement groups to use when calculating data placement. Type:Integer Valid Range:Equal to or less than pg_num.

crush_ruleset

Description:The ruleset to use for mapping object placement in the cluster. Type:Integer

hashpspool

Description:Set/Unset HASHPSPOOL flag on a given pool. Type:Integer Valid Range:1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag Version:Version 0.48 Argonaut and above.

nodelete

Description:Set/Unset NODELETE flag on a given pool. Type:Integer Valid Range:1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag Version:Version FIXME

nopgchange

Description:Set/Unset NOPGCHANGE flag on a given pool. Type:Integer Valid Range:1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag Version:Version FIXME

nosizechange

Description:Set/Unset NOSIZECHANGE flag on a given pool. Type:Integer Valid Range:1 sets flag, 0 unsets flag Version:Version FIXME

hit_set_type

Description:Enables hit set tracking for cache pools. See Bloom Filter for additional information. Type:String Valid Settings:bloom, explicit_hash, explicit_object Default:bloom. Other values are for testing.

hit_set_count

Description:The number of hit sets to store for cache pools. The higher the number, the more RAM consumed by the ceph-osd daemon. Type:Integer Valid Range:1. Agent doesn’t handle > 1 yet.

hit_set_period

Description:The duration of a hit set period in seconds for cache pools. The higher the number, the more RAM consumed by the ceph-osd daemon. Type:Integer Example:3600 1hr

hit_set_fpp

Description:The false positive probability for the bloom hit set type. See Bloom Filter for additional information. Type:Double Valid Range:0.0 - 1.0 Default:0.05

cache_target_dirty_ratio

Description:The percentage of the cache pool containing modified (dirty) objects before the cache tiering agent will flush them to the backing storage pool. Type:Double Default:.4

cache_target_full_ratio

Description:The percentage of the cache pool containing unmodified (clean) objects before the cache tiering agent will evict them from the cache pool. Type:Double Default:.8

target_max_bytes

Description:Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the max_bytes threshold is triggered. Type:Integer Example:1000000000000 #1-TB

target_max_objects

Description:Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the max_objects threshold is triggered. Type:Integer Example:1000000 #1M objects

cache_min_flush_age

Description:The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will flush an object from the cache pool to the storage pool. Type:Integer Example:600 10min

cache_min_evict_age

Description:The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will evict an object from the cache pool. Type:Integer Example:1800 30min

Get Pool Values

To get a value from a pool, execute the following:

ceph osd pool get {pool-name} {key}

You may get values for the following keys:

size

Description:Gets the number of replicas for objects in the pool. See Set the Number of Object Replicas for further details. Replicated pools only. Type:Integer

min_size

Description:Gets the minimum number of replicas required for I/O. See Set the Number of Object Replicas for further details. Replicated pools only. Type:Integer Version:0.54 and above

crash_replay_interval

Description:The number of seconds to allow clients to replay acknowledged, but uncommitted requests. Type:Integer

pgp_num

Description:The effective number of placement groups to use when calculating data placement. Type:Integer Valid Range:Equal to or less than pg_num.

crush_ruleset

Description:The ruleset to use for mapping object placement in the cluster. Type:Integer

hit_set_type

Description:Enables hit set tracking for cache pools. See Bloom Filter for additional information. Type:String Valid Settings:bloom, explicit_hash, explicit_object

hit_set_count

Description:The number of hit sets to store for cache pools. The higher the number, the more RAM consumed by the ceph-osd daemon. Type:Integer

hit_set_period

Description:The duration of a hit set period in seconds for cache pools. The higher the number, the more RAM consumed by the ceph-osd daemon. Type:Integer

hit_set_fpp

Description:The false positive probability for the bloom hit set type. See Bloom Filter for additional information. Type:Double

cache_target_dirty_ratio

Description:The percentage of the cache pool containing modified (dirty) objects before the cache tiering agent will flush them to the backing storage pool. Type:Double

cache_target_full_ratio

Description:The percentage of the cache pool containing unmodified (clean) objects before the cache tiering agent will evict them from the cache pool. Type:Double

target_max_bytes

Description:Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the max_bytes threshold is triggered. Type:Integer

target_max_objects

Description:Ceph will begin flushing or evicting objects when the max_objects threshold is triggered. Type:Integer

cache_min_flush_age

Description:The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will flush an object from the cache pool to the storage pool. Type:Integer

cache_min_evict_age

Description:The time (in seconds) before the cache tiering agent will evict an object from the cache pool. Type:Integer

Set the Number of Object Replicas

To set the number of object replicas on a replicated pool, execute the following:

ceph osd pool set {poolname} size {num-replicas}

Important

The {num-replicas} includes the object itself. If you want the object and two copies of the object for a total of three instances of the object, specify 3.

For example:

ceph osd pool set data size 3

You may execute this command for each pool. Note: An object might accept I/Os in degraded mode with fewer than pool size replicas. To set a minimum number of required replicas for I/O, you should use the min_size setting. For example:

ceph osd pool set data min_size 2

This ensures that no object in the data pool will receive I/O with fewer than min_size replicas.

Get the Number of Object Replicas

To get the number of object replicas, execute the following:

ceph osd dump | grep 'replicated size'

Ceph will list the pools, with the replicated size attribute highlighted. By default, ceph Creates two replicas of an object (a total of three copies, or a size of 3).