API: States¶

/**
 * A contract state (or just "state") contains opaque data used by a contract program. It can be thought of as a disk
 * file that the program can use to persist data across transactions. States are immutable: once created they are never
 * updated, instead, any changes must generate a new successor state. States can be updated (consumed) only once: the
 * notary is responsible for ensuring there is no "double spending" by only signing a transaction if the input states
 * are all free.
 */
@CordaSerializable
interface ContractState {
    /**
     * A _participant_ is any party that is able to consume this state in a valid transaction.
     *
     * The list of participants is required for certain types of transactions. For example, when changing the notary
     * for this state, every participant has to be involved and approve the transaction
     * so that they receive the updated state, and don't end up in a situation where they can no longer use a state
     * they possess, since someone consumed that state during the notary change process.
     *
     * The participants list should normally be derived from the contents of the state.
     */
    val participants: List<AbstractParty>
}

    /** A state representing a cash claim against some party. */
    data class State(
            override val amount: Amount<Issued<Currency>>,

            /** There must be a MoveCommand signed by this key to claim the amount. */
            override val owner: AbstractParty
    ) : FungibleAsset<Currency>, QueryableState {
        constructor(deposit: PartyAndReference, amount: Amount<Currency>, owner: AbstractParty)
                : this(Amount(amount.quantity, Issued(deposit, amount.token)), owner)

        override val exitKeys = setOf(owner.owningKey, amount.token.issuer.party.owningKey)
        override val participants = listOf(owner)

        override fun withNewOwnerAndAmount(newAmount: Amount<Issued<Currency>>, newOwner: AbstractParty): FungibleAsset<Currency>
                = copy(amount = amount.copy(newAmount.quantity), owner = newOwner)

        override fun toString() = "${Emoji.bagOfCash}Cash($amount at ${amount.token.issuer} owned by $owner)"

        override fun withNewOwner(newOwner: AbstractParty) = CommandAndState(Commands.Move(), copy(owner = newOwner))
        fun ownedBy(owner: AbstractParty) = copy(owner = owner)
        fun issuedBy(party: AbstractParty) = copy(amount = Amount(amount.quantity, amount.token.copy(issuer = amount.token.issuer.copy(party = party))))
        fun issuedBy(deposit: PartyAndReference) = copy(amount = Amount(amount.quantity, amount.token.copy(issuer = deposit)))
        fun withDeposit(deposit: PartyAndReference): Cash.State = copy(amount = amount.copy(token = amount.token.copy(issuer = deposit)))

        /** Object Relational Mapping support. */
        override fun generateMappedObject(schema: MappedSchema): PersistentState {
            return when (schema) {
                is CashSchemaV1 -> CashSchemaV1.PersistentCashState(
                        owner = this.owner,
                        pennies = this.amount.quantity,
                        currency = this.amount.token.product.currencyCode,
                        issuerParty = this.amount.token.issuer.party.owningKey.toBase58String(),
                        issuerRef = this.amount.token.issuer.reference.bytes
                )
            /** Additional schema mappings would be added here (eg. CashSchemaV2, CashSchemaV3, ...) */
                else -> throw IllegalArgumentException("Unrecognised schema $schema")
            }
        }

        /** Object Relational Mapping support. */
        override fun supportedSchemas(): Iterable<MappedSchema> = listOf(CashSchemaV1)
        /** Additional used schemas would be added here (eg. CashSchemaV2, CashSchemaV3, ...) */
    }

typealias ContractClassName = String

/**
 * A wrapper for [ContractState] containing additional platform-level state information and contract information.
 * This is the definitive state that is stored on the ledger and used in transaction outputs.
 */
@CordaSerializable
data class TransactionState<out T : ContractState> @JvmOverloads constructor(
        /** The custom contract state */
        val data: T,
        /**
         * The contract class name that will verify this state that will be created via reflection.
         * The attachment containing this class will be automatically added to the transaction at transaction creation
         * time.
         *
         * Currently these are loaded from the classpath of the node which includes the cordapp directory - at some
         * point these will also be loaded and run from the attachment store directly, allowing contracts to be
         * sent across, and run, from the network from within a sandbox environment.
         *
         * TODO: Implement the contract sandbox loading of the contract attachments
         * */
        val contract: ContractClassName,
        /** Identity of the notary that ensures the state is not used as an input to a transaction more than once */
        val notary: Party,
        /**
         * All contract states may be _encumbered_ by up to one other state.
         *
         * The encumbrance state, if present, forces additional controls over the encumbered state, since the platform checks
         * that the encumbrance state is present as an input in the same transaction that consumes the encumbered state, and
         * the contract code and rules of the encumbrance state will also be verified during the execution of the transaction.
         * For example, a cash contract state could be encumbered with a time-lock contract state; the cash state is then only
         * processable in a transaction that verifies that the time specified in the encumbrance time-lock has passed.
         *
         * The encumbered state refers to another by index, and the referred encumbrance state
         * is an output state in a particular position on the same transaction that created the encumbered state. An alternative
         * implementation would be encumbering by reference to a [StateRef], which would allow the specification of encumbrance
         * by a state created in a prior transaction.
         *
         * Note that an encumbered state that is being consumed must have its encumbrance consumed in the same transaction,
         * otherwise the transaction is not valid.
         */
        val encumbrance: Int? = null,
        /**
         * A validator for the contract attachments on the transaction.
         */
        val constraint: AttachmentConstraint = AutomaticHashConstraint)