Linux Kernel  3.7.1
 All Data Structures Namespaces Files Functions Variables Typedefs Enumerations Enumerator Macros Groups Pages
psargs.c
Go to the documentation of this file.
1 /******************************************************************************
2  *
3  * Module Name: psargs - Parse AML opcode arguments
4  *
5  *****************************************************************************/
6 
7 /*
8  * Copyright (C) 2000 - 2012, Intel Corp.
9  * All rights reserved.
10  *
11  * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
12  * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions
13  * are met:
14  * 1. Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
15  * notice, this list of conditions, and the following disclaimer,
16  * without modification.
17  * 2. Redistributions in binary form must reproduce at minimum a disclaimer
18  * substantially similar to the "NO WARRANTY" disclaimer below
19  * ("Disclaimer") and any redistribution must be conditioned upon
20  * including a substantially similar Disclaimer requirement for further
21  * binary redistribution.
22  * 3. Neither the names of the above-listed copyright holders nor the names
23  * of any contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived
24  * from this software without specific prior written permission.
25  *
26  * Alternatively, this software may be distributed under the terms of the
27  * GNU General Public License ("GPL") version 2 as published by the Free
28  * Software Foundation.
29  *
30  * NO WARRANTY
31  * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
32  * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
33  * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTIBILITY AND FITNESS FOR
34  * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
35  * HOLDERS OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL
36  * DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS
37  * OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE, DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION)
38  * HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT,
39  * STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING
40  * IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE
41  * POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.
42  */
43 
44 #include <acpi/acpi.h>
45 #include "accommon.h"
46 #include "acparser.h"
47 #include "amlcode.h"
48 #include "acnamesp.h"
49 #include "acdispat.h"
50 
51 #define _COMPONENT ACPI_PARSER
52 ACPI_MODULE_NAME("psargs")
53 
54 /* Local prototypes */
55 static u32
56 acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(struct acpi_parse_state *parser_state);
57 
58 static union acpi_parse_object *acpi_ps_get_next_field(struct acpi_parse_state
59  *parser_state);
60 
61 /*******************************************************************************
62  *
63  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_package_length
64  *
65  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
66  *
67  * RETURN: Decoded package length. On completion, the AML pointer points
68  * past the length byte or bytes.
69  *
70  * DESCRIPTION: Decode and return a package length field.
71  * Note: Largest package length is 28 bits, from ACPI specification
72  *
73  ******************************************************************************/
74 
75 static u32
76 acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(struct acpi_parse_state *parser_state)
77 {
78  u8 *aml = parser_state->aml;
79  u32 package_length = 0;
80  u32 byte_count;
81  u8 byte_zero_mask = 0x3F; /* Default [0:5] */
82 
83  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE(ps_get_next_package_length);
84 
85  /*
86  * Byte 0 bits [6:7] contain the number of additional bytes
87  * used to encode the package length, either 0,1,2, or 3
88  */
89  byte_count = (aml[0] >> 6);
90  parser_state->aml += ((acpi_size) byte_count + 1);
91 
92  /* Get bytes 3, 2, 1 as needed */
93 
94  while (byte_count) {
95  /*
96  * Final bit positions for the package length bytes:
97  * Byte3->[20:27]
98  * Byte2->[12:19]
99  * Byte1->[04:11]
100  * Byte0->[00:03]
101  */
102  package_length |= (aml[byte_count] << ((byte_count << 3) - 4));
103 
104  byte_zero_mask = 0x0F; /* Use bits [0:3] of byte 0 */
105  byte_count--;
106  }
107 
108  /* Byte 0 is a special case, either bits [0:3] or [0:5] are used */
109 
110  package_length |= (aml[0] & byte_zero_mask);
111  return_UINT32(package_length);
112 }
113 
114 /*******************************************************************************
115  *
116  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_package_end
117  *
118  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
119  *
120  * RETURN: Pointer to end-of-package +1
121  *
122  * DESCRIPTION: Get next package length and return a pointer past the end of
123  * the package. Consumes the package length field
124  *
125  ******************************************************************************/
126 
128 {
129  u8 *start = parser_state->aml;
130  u32 package_length;
131 
132  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE(ps_get_next_package_end);
133 
134  /* Function below updates parser_state->Aml */
135 
136  package_length = acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(parser_state);
137 
138  return_PTR(start + package_length); /* end of package */
139 }
140 
141 /*******************************************************************************
142  *
143  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_namestring
144  *
145  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
146  *
147  * RETURN: Pointer to the start of the name string (pointer points into
148  * the AML.
149  *
150  * DESCRIPTION: Get next raw namestring within the AML stream. Handles all name
151  * prefix characters. Set parser state to point past the string.
152  * (Name is consumed from the AML.)
153  *
154  ******************************************************************************/
155 
157 {
158  u8 *start = parser_state->aml;
159  u8 *end = parser_state->aml;
160 
161  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE(ps_get_next_namestring);
162 
163  /* Point past any namestring prefix characters (backslash or carat) */
164 
165  while (acpi_ps_is_prefix_char(*end)) {
166  end++;
167  }
168 
169  /* Decode the path prefix character */
170 
171  switch (*end) {
172  case 0:
173 
174  /* null_name */
175 
176  if (end == start) {
177  start = NULL;
178  }
179  end++;
180  break;
181 
183 
184  /* Two name segments */
185 
186  end += 1 + (2 * ACPI_NAME_SIZE);
187  break;
188 
190 
191  /* Multiple name segments, 4 chars each, count in next byte */
192 
193  end += 2 + (*(end + 1) * ACPI_NAME_SIZE);
194  break;
195 
196  default:
197 
198  /* Single name segment */
199 
200  end += ACPI_NAME_SIZE;
201  break;
202  }
203 
204  parser_state->aml = end;
205  return_PTR((char *)start);
206 }
207 
208 /*******************************************************************************
209  *
210  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_namepath
211  *
212  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
213  * arg - Where the namepath will be stored
214  * arg_count - If the namepath points to a control method
215  * the method's argument is returned here.
216  * possible_method_call - Whether the namepath can possibly be the
217  * start of a method call
218  *
219  * RETURN: Status
220  *
221  * DESCRIPTION: Get next name (if method call, return # of required args).
222  * Names are looked up in the internal namespace to determine
223  * if the name represents a control method. If a method
224  * is found, the number of arguments to the method is returned.
225  * This information is critical for parsing to continue correctly.
226  *
227  ******************************************************************************/
228 
231  struct acpi_parse_state *parser_state,
232  union acpi_parse_object *arg, u8 possible_method_call)
233 {
235  char *path;
236  union acpi_parse_object *name_op;
237  union acpi_operand_object *method_desc;
238  struct acpi_namespace_node *node;
239  u8 *start = parser_state->aml;
240 
241  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE(ps_get_next_namepath);
242 
243  path = acpi_ps_get_next_namestring(parser_state);
245 
246  /* Null path case is allowed, just exit */
247 
248  if (!path) {
249  arg->common.value.name = path;
251  }
252 
253  /*
254  * Lookup the name in the internal namespace, starting with the current
255  * scope. We don't want to add anything new to the namespace here,
256  * however, so we use MODE_EXECUTE.
257  * Allow searching of the parent tree, but don't open a new scope -
258  * we just want to lookup the object (must be mode EXECUTE to perform
259  * the upsearch)
260  */
261  status = acpi_ns_lookup(walk_state->scope_info, path,
264  NULL, &node);
265 
266  /*
267  * If this name is a control method invocation, we must
268  * setup the method call
269  */
270  if (ACPI_SUCCESS(status) &&
271  possible_method_call && (node->type == ACPI_TYPE_METHOD)) {
272  if (walk_state->opcode == AML_UNLOAD_OP) {
273  /*
274  * acpi_ps_get_next_namestring has increased the AML pointer,
275  * so we need to restore the saved AML pointer for method call.
276  */
277  walk_state->parser_state.aml = start;
278  walk_state->arg_count = 1;
281  }
282 
283  /* This name is actually a control method invocation */
284 
285  method_desc = acpi_ns_get_attached_object(node);
287  "Control Method - %p Desc %p Path=%p\n", node,
288  method_desc, path));
289 
291  if (!name_op) {
293  }
294 
295  /* Change Arg into a METHOD CALL and attach name to it */
296 
298  name_op->common.value.name = path;
299 
300  /* Point METHODCALL/NAME to the METHOD Node */
301 
302  name_op->common.node = node;
303  acpi_ps_append_arg(arg, name_op);
304 
305  if (!method_desc) {
307  "Control Method %p has no attached object",
308  node));
310  }
311 
313  "Control Method - %p Args %X\n",
314  node, method_desc->method.param_count));
315 
316  /* Get the number of arguments to expect */
317 
318  walk_state->arg_count = method_desc->method.param_count;
320  }
321 
322  /*
323  * Special handling if the name was not found during the lookup -
324  * some not_found cases are allowed
325  */
326  if (status == AE_NOT_FOUND) {
327 
328  /* 1) not_found is ok during load pass 1/2 (allow forward references) */
329 
330  if ((walk_state->parse_flags & ACPI_PARSE_MODE_MASK) !=
332  status = AE_OK;
333  }
334 
335  /* 2) not_found during a cond_ref_of(x) is ok by definition */
336 
337  else if (walk_state->op->common.aml_opcode ==
339  status = AE_OK;
340  }
341 
342  /*
343  * 3) not_found while building a Package is ok at this point, we
344  * may flag as an error later if slack mode is not enabled.
345  * (Some ASL code depends on allowing this behavior)
346  */
347  else if ((arg->common.parent) &&
348  ((arg->common.parent->common.aml_opcode ==
350  || (arg->common.parent->common.aml_opcode ==
351  AML_VAR_PACKAGE_OP))) {
352  status = AE_OK;
353  }
354  }
355 
356  /* Final exception check (may have been changed from code above) */
357 
358  if (ACPI_FAILURE(status)) {
359  ACPI_ERROR_NAMESPACE(path, status);
360 
361  if ((walk_state->parse_flags & ACPI_PARSE_MODE_MASK) ==
363 
364  /* Report a control method execution error */
365 
366  status = acpi_ds_method_error(status, walk_state);
367  }
368  }
369 
370  /* Save the namepath */
371 
372  arg->common.value.name = path;
373  return_ACPI_STATUS(status);
374 }
375 
376 /*******************************************************************************
377  *
378  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_simple_arg
379  *
380  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
381  * arg_type - The argument type (AML_*_ARG)
382  * arg - Where the argument is returned
383  *
384  * RETURN: None
385  *
386  * DESCRIPTION: Get the next simple argument (constant, string, or namestring)
387  *
388  ******************************************************************************/
389 
390 void
393 {
394  u32 length;
395  u16 opcode;
396  u8 *aml = parser_state->aml;
397 
398  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_U32(ps_get_next_simple_arg, arg_type);
399 
400  switch (arg_type) {
401  case ARGP_BYTEDATA:
402 
403  /* Get 1 byte from the AML stream */
404 
405  opcode = AML_BYTE_OP;
406  arg->common.value.integer = (u64) *aml;
407  length = 1;
408  break;
409 
410  case ARGP_WORDDATA:
411 
412  /* Get 2 bytes from the AML stream */
413 
414  opcode = AML_WORD_OP;
415  ACPI_MOVE_16_TO_64(&arg->common.value.integer, aml);
416  length = 2;
417  break;
418 
419  case ARGP_DWORDDATA:
420 
421  /* Get 4 bytes from the AML stream */
422 
423  opcode = AML_DWORD_OP;
424  ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_64(&arg->common.value.integer, aml);
425  length = 4;
426  break;
427 
428  case ARGP_QWORDDATA:
429 
430  /* Get 8 bytes from the AML stream */
431 
432  opcode = AML_QWORD_OP;
433  ACPI_MOVE_64_TO_64(&arg->common.value.integer, aml);
434  length = 8;
435  break;
436 
437  case ARGP_CHARLIST:
438 
439  /* Get a pointer to the string, point past the string */
440 
441  opcode = AML_STRING_OP;
442  arg->common.value.string = ACPI_CAST_PTR(char, aml);
443 
444  /* Find the null terminator */
445 
446  length = 0;
447  while (aml[length]) {
448  length++;
449  }
450  length++;
451  break;
452 
453  case ARGP_NAME:
454  case ARGP_NAMESTRING:
455 
457  arg->common.value.name =
458  acpi_ps_get_next_namestring(parser_state);
459  return_VOID;
460 
461  default:
462 
463  ACPI_ERROR((AE_INFO, "Invalid ArgType 0x%X", arg_type));
464  return_VOID;
465  }
466 
467  acpi_ps_init_op(arg, opcode);
468  parser_state->aml += length;
469  return_VOID;
470 }
471 
472 /*******************************************************************************
473  *
474  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_field
475  *
476  * PARAMETERS: parser_state - Current parser state object
477  *
478  * RETURN: A newly allocated FIELD op
479  *
480  * DESCRIPTION: Get next field (named_field, reserved_field, or access_field)
481  *
482  ******************************************************************************/
483 
484 static union acpi_parse_object *acpi_ps_get_next_field(struct acpi_parse_state
485  *parser_state)
486 {
487  u32 aml_offset;
488  union acpi_parse_object *field;
489  union acpi_parse_object *arg = NULL;
490  u16 opcode;
491  u32 name;
492  u8 access_type;
493  u8 access_attribute;
494  u8 access_length;
495  u32 pkg_length;
496  u8 *pkg_end;
498 
499  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE(ps_get_next_field);
500 
501  aml_offset =
502  (u32)ACPI_PTR_DIFF(parser_state->aml, parser_state->aml_start);
503 
504  /* Determine field type */
505 
506  switch (ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml)) {
507  case AML_FIELD_OFFSET_OP:
508 
509  opcode = AML_INT_RESERVEDFIELD_OP;
510  parser_state->aml++;
511  break;
512 
513  case AML_FIELD_ACCESS_OP:
514 
515  opcode = AML_INT_ACCESSFIELD_OP;
516  parser_state->aml++;
517  break;
518 
520 
521  opcode = AML_INT_CONNECTION_OP;
522  parser_state->aml++;
523  break;
524 
526 
527  opcode = AML_INT_EXTACCESSFIELD_OP;
528  parser_state->aml++;
529  break;
530 
531  default:
532 
533  opcode = AML_INT_NAMEDFIELD_OP;
534  break;
535  }
536 
537  /* Allocate a new field op */
538 
539  field = acpi_ps_alloc_op(opcode);
540  if (!field) {
541  return_PTR(NULL);
542  }
543 
544  field->common.aml_offset = aml_offset;
545 
546  /* Decode the field type */
547 
548  switch (opcode) {
550 
551  /* Get the 4-character name */
552 
553  ACPI_MOVE_32_TO_32(&name, parser_state->aml);
554  acpi_ps_set_name(field, name);
555  parser_state->aml += ACPI_NAME_SIZE;
556 
557  /* Get the length which is encoded as a package length */
558 
559  field->common.value.size =
560  acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(parser_state);
561  break;
562 
564 
565  /* Get the length which is encoded as a package length */
566 
567  field->common.value.size =
568  acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(parser_state);
569  break;
570 
573 
574  /*
575  * Get access_type and access_attrib and merge into the field Op
576  * access_type is first operand, access_attribute is second. stuff
577  * these bytes into the node integer value for convenience.
578  */
579 
580  /* Get the two bytes (Type/Attribute) */
581 
582  access_type = ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml);
583  parser_state->aml++;
584  access_attribute = ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml);
585  parser_state->aml++;
586 
587  field->common.value.integer = (u8)access_type;
588  field->common.value.integer |= (u16)(access_attribute << 8);
589 
590  /* This opcode has a third byte, access_length */
591 
592  if (opcode == AML_INT_EXTACCESSFIELD_OP) {
593  access_length = ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml);
594  parser_state->aml++;
595 
596  field->common.value.integer |=
597  (u32)(access_length << 16);
598  }
599  break;
600 
602 
603  /*
604  * Argument for Connection operator can be either a Buffer
605  * (resource descriptor), or a name_string.
606  */
607  if (ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml) == AML_BUFFER_OP) {
608  parser_state->aml++;
609 
610  pkg_end = parser_state->aml;
611  pkg_length =
612  acpi_ps_get_next_package_length(parser_state);
613  pkg_end += pkg_length;
614 
615  if (parser_state->aml < pkg_end) {
616 
617  /* Non-empty list */
618 
620  if (!arg) {
621  acpi_ps_free_op(field);
622  return_PTR(NULL);
623  }
624 
625  /* Get the actual buffer length argument */
626 
627  opcode = ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml);
628  parser_state->aml++;
629 
630  switch (opcode) {
631  case AML_BYTE_OP: /* AML_BYTEDATA_ARG */
632  buffer_length =
633  ACPI_GET8(parser_state->aml);
634  parser_state->aml += 1;
635  break;
636 
637  case AML_WORD_OP: /* AML_WORDDATA_ARG */
638  buffer_length =
639  ACPI_GET16(parser_state->aml);
640  parser_state->aml += 2;
641  break;
642 
643  case AML_DWORD_OP: /* AML_DWORDATA_ARG */
644  buffer_length =
645  ACPI_GET32(parser_state->aml);
646  parser_state->aml += 4;
647  break;
648 
649  default:
650  buffer_length = 0;
651  break;
652  }
653 
654  /* Fill in bytelist data */
655 
656  arg->named.value.size = buffer_length;
657  arg->named.data = parser_state->aml;
658  }
659 
660  /* Skip to End of byte data */
661 
662  parser_state->aml = pkg_end;
663  } else {
665  if (!arg) {
666  acpi_ps_free_op(field);
667  return_PTR(NULL);
668  }
669 
670  /* Get the Namestring argument */
671 
672  arg->common.value.name =
673  acpi_ps_get_next_namestring(parser_state);
674  }
675 
676  /* Link the buffer/namestring to parent (CONNECTION_OP) */
677 
678  acpi_ps_append_arg(field, arg);
679  break;
680 
681  default:
682 
683  /* Opcode was set in previous switch */
684  break;
685  }
686 
687  return_PTR(field);
688 }
689 
690 /*******************************************************************************
691  *
692  * FUNCTION: acpi_ps_get_next_arg
693  *
694  * PARAMETERS: walk_state - Current state
695  * parser_state - Current parser state object
696  * arg_type - The argument type (AML_*_ARG)
697  * return_arg - Where the next arg is returned
698  *
699  * RETURN: Status, and an op object containing the next argument.
700  *
701  * DESCRIPTION: Get next argument (including complex list arguments that require
702  * pushing the parser stack)
703  *
704  ******************************************************************************/
705 
708  struct acpi_parse_state *parser_state,
709  u32 arg_type, union acpi_parse_object **return_arg)
710 {
711  union acpi_parse_object *arg = NULL;
712  union acpi_parse_object *prev = NULL;
713  union acpi_parse_object *field;
714  u32 subop;
716 
717  ACPI_FUNCTION_TRACE_PTR(ps_get_next_arg, parser_state);
718 
719  switch (arg_type) {
720  case ARGP_BYTEDATA:
721  case ARGP_WORDDATA:
722  case ARGP_DWORDDATA:
723  case ARGP_CHARLIST:
724  case ARGP_NAME:
725  case ARGP_NAMESTRING:
726 
727  /* Constants, strings, and namestrings are all the same size */
728 
730  if (!arg) {
732  }
733  acpi_ps_get_next_simple_arg(parser_state, arg_type, arg);
734  break;
735 
736  case ARGP_PKGLENGTH:
737 
738  /* Package length, nothing returned */
739 
740  parser_state->pkg_end =
741  acpi_ps_get_next_package_end(parser_state);
742  break;
743 
744  case ARGP_FIELDLIST:
745 
746  if (parser_state->aml < parser_state->pkg_end) {
747 
748  /* Non-empty list */
749 
750  while (parser_state->aml < parser_state->pkg_end) {
751  field = acpi_ps_get_next_field(parser_state);
752  if (!field) {
754  }
755 
756  if (prev) {
757  prev->common.next = field;
758  } else {
759  arg = field;
760  }
761  prev = field;
762  }
763 
764  /* Skip to End of byte data */
765 
766  parser_state->aml = parser_state->pkg_end;
767  }
768  break;
769 
770  case ARGP_BYTELIST:
771 
772  if (parser_state->aml < parser_state->pkg_end) {
773 
774  /* Non-empty list */
775 
777  if (!arg) {
779  }
780 
781  /* Fill in bytelist data */
782 
783  arg->common.value.size = (u32)
784  ACPI_PTR_DIFF(parser_state->pkg_end,
785  parser_state->aml);
786  arg->named.data = parser_state->aml;
787 
788  /* Skip to End of byte data */
789 
790  parser_state->aml = parser_state->pkg_end;
791  }
792  break;
793 
794  case ARGP_TARGET:
795  case ARGP_SUPERNAME:
796  case ARGP_SIMPLENAME:
797 
798  subop = acpi_ps_peek_opcode(parser_state);
799  if (subop == 0 ||
800  acpi_ps_is_leading_char(subop) ||
801  acpi_ps_is_prefix_char(subop)) {
802 
803  /* null_name or name_string */
804 
806  if (!arg) {
808  }
809 
810  /* To support super_name arg of Unload */
811 
812  if (walk_state->opcode == AML_UNLOAD_OP) {
813  status =
814  acpi_ps_get_next_namepath(walk_state,
815  parser_state, arg,
816  1);
817 
818  /*
819  * If the super_name arg of Unload is a method call,
820  * we have restored the AML pointer, just free this Arg
821  */
822  if (arg->common.aml_opcode ==
824  acpi_ps_free_op(arg);
825  arg = NULL;
826  }
827  } else {
828  status =
829  acpi_ps_get_next_namepath(walk_state,
830  parser_state, arg,
831  0);
832  }
833  } else {
834  /* Single complex argument, nothing returned */
835 
836  walk_state->arg_count = 1;
837  }
838  break;
839 
840  case ARGP_DATAOBJ:
841  case ARGP_TERMARG:
842 
843  /* Single complex argument, nothing returned */
844 
845  walk_state->arg_count = 1;
846  break;
847 
848  case ARGP_DATAOBJLIST:
849  case ARGP_TERMLIST:
850  case ARGP_OBJLIST:
851 
852  if (parser_state->aml < parser_state->pkg_end) {
853 
854  /* Non-empty list of variable arguments, nothing returned */
855 
856  walk_state->arg_count = ACPI_VAR_ARGS;
857  }
858  break;
859 
860  default:
861 
862  ACPI_ERROR((AE_INFO, "Invalid ArgType: 0x%X", arg_type));
863  status = AE_AML_OPERAND_TYPE;
864  break;
865  }
866 
867  *return_arg = arg;
868  return_ACPI_STATUS(status);
869 }