Champ de saisie

VII.II.I. Utilisation simple

Les éléments graphiques Entry permettent à l'utilisateur de saisir du texte. Vous pouvez en modifier le contenu avec la fonction membre set_text() et en lire le contenu actuel avec la fonction membre get_text().

Parfois, vous voudrez que le contenu d'un élément graphique Entry soit en lecture seule. Vous obtenez ce résultat en passant le paramètre false à la fonction membre set_editable().

Pour la saisie de mots de passe, phrases de passe et autres informations que vous ne souhaitez pas voir reprises à l'affichage, l'appel de la fonction membre set_visibility() avec false comme paramètre provoque le masquage du texte.

You might want to be notified whenever the user types in a text entry widget. Gtk::Entry provides two signals, activate and changed, for this purpose. activate is emitted when the user presses the Enter key in a text-entry widget; changed is emitted when the text in the widget changes. You can use these, for instance, to validate or filter the text the user types. Moving the keyboard focus to another widget may also signal that the user has finished entering text. The focus_out_event signal that Gtk::Entry inherits from Gtk::Widget can notify you when that happens. The ComboBox with an Entry section contains example programs that use these signals.

If you pass true to the set_activates_default() method, pressing Enter in the Gtk::Entry will activate the default widget for the window containing the Gtk::Entry. This is especially useful in dialog boxes. The default widget is usually one of the dialog buttons, which e.g. will close the dialog box. To set a widget as the default widget, use Gtk::Widget::set_can_default() and Gtk::Widget::grab_default().

Référence

VII.II.I.I. Exemple simple de saisie

Cet exemple utilise la classe Gtk::Entry. Deux cases à cocher de la classe CheckButton vous permettent d'inverser les marqueurs « editable » et « visible ».

Figure VII.2 Champ de saisie

Code source

File: examplewindow.h (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

#include <gtkmm.h>

class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
{
public:
  ExampleWindow();
  virtual ~ExampleWindow();

protected:
  //Signal handlers:
  void on_checkbox_editable_toggled();
  void on_checkbox_visibility_toggled();
  void on_button_close();

  //Child widgets:
  Gtk::Box m_HBox;
  Gtk::Box m_VBox;
  Gtk::Entry m_Entry;
  Gtk::Button m_Button_Close;
  Gtk::CheckButton m_CheckButton_Editable, m_CheckButton_Visible;
};

#endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: examplewindow.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <iostream>

ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
: m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
  m_Button_Close("Close"),
  m_CheckButton_Editable("Editable"),
  m_CheckButton_Visible("Visible")
{
  set_size_request(200, 100);
  set_title("Gtk::Entry");

  add(m_VBox);

  m_Entry.set_max_length(50);
  m_Entry.set_text("hello");
  m_Entry.set_text(m_Entry.get_text() + " world");
  m_Entry.select_region(0, m_Entry.get_text_length());
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Entry);

  // Note that add() can also be used instead of pack_xxx()
  m_VBox.add(m_HBox);

  m_HBox.pack_start(m_CheckButton_Editable);
  m_CheckButton_Editable.signal_toggled().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_checkbox_editable_toggled) );
  m_CheckButton_Editable.set_active(true);

  m_HBox.pack_start(m_CheckButton_Visible);
  m_CheckButton_Visible.signal_toggled().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_checkbox_visibility_toggled) );
  m_CheckButton_Visible.set_active(true);

  m_Button_Close.signal_clicked().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_button_close) );
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Button_Close);
  m_Button_Close.set_can_default();
  m_Button_Close.grab_default();

  show_all_children();
}

ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
{
}

void ExampleWindow::on_checkbox_editable_toggled()
{
  m_Entry.set_editable(m_CheckButton_Editable.get_active());
}

void ExampleWindow::on_checkbox_visibility_toggled()
{
  m_Entry.set_visibility(m_CheckButton_Visible.get_active());
}

void ExampleWindow::on_button_close()
{
  hide();
}

File: main.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <gtkmm/application.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example");

  ExampleWindow window;

  //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
  return app->run(window);
}

VII.II.II. Complétion de saisie

Un élément graphique Entry peut offrir une liste déroulante de choix préétablis à partir des premiers caractères saisis par l'utilisateur. Par exemple, une boîte de dialogue de recherche peut suggérer un texte en fonction des recherches antérieures.

Pour activer cette fonctionnalité, vous devez créer un objet EntryCompletion et le mettre à disposition de l'élément graphique Entry par l'intermédiaire de la fonction membre set_completion().

L'objet EntryCompletion peut utiliser une classe TreeModel contenant les entrées possibles définies à l'aide de set_model(). Faites ensuite appel à set_text_column() pour définir quelles colonnes de votre modèle doivent être utilisées pour chercher une possible concordance avec le texte saisi.

Alternatively, if a complete list of possible entries would be too large or too inconvenient to generate, a callback slot may instead be specified with set_match_func(). This is also useful if you wish to match on a part of the string other than the start.

Référence

VII.II.II.I. Exemple de complétion de saisie

Dans cet exemple, nous créons un objet Gtk::EntryCompletion et nous l'associons à un élément graphique Gtk::Entry. La complétion fait appel à un objet Gtk::TreeModel pour les diverses saisies possibles et quelques actions supplémentaires.

Figure VII.3 Complétion de saisie

Code source

File: examplewindow.h (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

#include <gtkmm.h>

class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
{
public:
  ExampleWindow();
  virtual ~ExampleWindow();

protected:
  //Signal handlers:
  void on_button_close();

  void on_completion_action_activated(int index);

  //See the comment in the implementation:
  //bool on_completion_match(const Glib::ustring& key, const Gtk::TreeModel::const_iterator& iter);


  //Tree model columns, for the EntryCompletion's filter model:
  class ModelColumns : public Gtk::TreeModel::ColumnRecord
  {
  public:

    ModelColumns()
    { add(m_col_id); add(m_col_name); }

    Gtk::TreeModelColumn<unsigned int> m_col_id;
    Gtk::TreeModelColumn<Glib::ustring> m_col_name;
  };

  ModelColumns m_Columns;

  typedef std::map<int, Glib::ustring> type_actions_map;
  type_actions_map m_CompletionActions;
  
  //Child widgets:
  Gtk::Box m_HBox;
  Gtk::Box m_VBox;
  Gtk::Entry m_Entry;
  Gtk::Label m_Label;
  Gtk::Button m_Button_Close;
};

#endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: examplewindow.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <iostream>

ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
: m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
  m_Label("Press a or b to see a list of possible completions and actions."),
  m_Button_Close("Close")
{
  //set_size_request(200, 100);
  set_title("Gtk::EntryCompletion");

  add(m_VBox);
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Entry, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);

  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Label, Gtk::PACK_EXPAND_WIDGET);

  m_Button_Close.signal_clicked().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_button_close) );
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Button_Close, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
  m_Button_Close.set_can_default();
  m_Button_Close.grab_default();

  //Add an EntryCompletion:
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::EntryCompletion> completion =
      Gtk::EntryCompletion::create();
  m_Entry.set_completion(completion);

  //Create and fill the completion's filter model
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::ListStore> refCompletionModel =
      Gtk::ListStore::create(m_Columns);
  completion->set_model(refCompletionModel);

  // For more complex comparisons, use a filter match callback, like this.
  // See the comment below for more details:
  //completion->set_match_func( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              //&ExampleWindow::on_completion_match) );

  //Fill the TreeView's model
  Gtk::TreeModel::Row row = *(refCompletionModel->append());
  row[m_Columns.m_col_id] = 1;
  row[m_Columns.m_col_name] = "Alan Zebedee";

  row = *(refCompletionModel->append());
  row[m_Columns.m_col_id] = 2;
  row[m_Columns.m_col_name] = "Adrian Boo";

  row = *(refCompletionModel->append());
  row[m_Columns.m_col_id] = 3;
  row[m_Columns.m_col_name] = "Bob McRoberts";

  row = *(refCompletionModel->append());
  row[m_Columns.m_col_id] = 4;
  row[m_Columns.m_col_name] = "Bob McBob";

  //Tell the completion what model column to use to
  //- look for a match (when we use the default matching, instead of
  //  set_match_func().
  //- display text in the entry when a match is found.
  completion->set_text_column(m_Columns.m_col_name);

  //Add actions to the completion:
  //These are just extra items shown at the bottom of the list of possible
  //completions.

  //Remember them for later.
  m_CompletionActions[0] = "Use Wizard";
  m_CompletionActions[1] = "Browse for Filename";

  for(type_actions_map::iterator iter = m_CompletionActions.begin();
          iter != m_CompletionActions.end(); ++iter)
  {
    int position = iter->first;
    Glib::ustring title = iter->second;
    completion->insert_action_text(title, position);
  }

  completion->signal_action_activated().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_completion_action_activated) );

  show_all_children();
}

ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
{
}

void ExampleWindow::on_button_close()
{
  hide();
}

/* You can do more complex matching with a handler like this.
 * For instance, you could check for substrings inside the string instead of the start,
 * or you could look for the key in extra model columns as well as the model column that will be displayed.
 * The code here is not actually more complex - it's a reimplementation of the default behaviour.
 *
bool ExampleWindow::on_completion_match(const Glib::ustring& key, const
        Gtk::TreeModel::const_iterator& iter)
{
  if(iter)
  {
    Gtk::TreeModel::Row row = *iter;

    Glib::ustring::size_type key_length = key.size();
    Glib::ustring filter_string = row[m_Columns.m_col_name];

    Glib::ustring filter_string_start = filter_string.substr(0, key_length);
    //The key is lower-case, even if the user input is not.
    filter_string_start = filter_string_start.lowercase();

    if(key == filter_string_start)
      return true; //A match was found.
  }

  return false; //No match.
}
*/

void ExampleWindow::on_completion_action_activated(int index)
{
  type_actions_map::iterator iter = m_CompletionActions.find(index);
  if(iter != m_CompletionActions.end()) //If it's in the map
  {
    Glib::ustring title = iter->second;
    std::cout << "Action selected: " << title << std::endl;
  }
}

File: main.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <gtkmm/application.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example");

  ExampleWindow window;

  //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
  return app->run(window);
}

VII.II.III. Icône dans un champ de saisie

Un élément graphique Entry peut afficher une icône au début ou à la fin de la zone de texte. L'icône est définie par des fonctions membres telles que set_icon_from_pixbuf() ou set_icon_from_stock(). Une application peut répondre à un utilisateur qui clique sur l'icône en prenant en charge le signal signal_icon_press.

VII.II.III.I. Exemple d'icône dans un champ de saisie

Cet exemple montre un élément graphique Gtk::Entry avec une icône « rechercher » prise dans le catalogue. Le texte dans le champ de saisie est reproduit dans la fenêtre du terminal quand l'icône est cliquée.

Figure VII.4 Saisie avec icône

Code source

File: examplewindow.h (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

#include <gtkmm.h>

class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
{
public:
  ExampleWindow();
  virtual ~ExampleWindow();

protected:
  //Signal handlers:
  void on_icon_pressed(Gtk::EntryIconPosition icon_pos, const GdkEventButton* event);
  void on_button_close();

  //Child widgets:
  Gtk::Box m_VBox;
  Gtk::Entry m_Entry;
  Gtk::Button m_Button_Close;
};

#endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: examplewindow.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <iostream>

ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
: m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
  m_Button_Close("Close")
{
  set_title("Gtk::Entry");

  add(m_VBox);

  m_Entry.set_max_length(50);
  m_Entry.set_text("Hello world");
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Entry, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);

  m_Entry.set_icon_from_stock(Gtk::Stock::FIND);
  m_Entry.signal_icon_press().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ExampleWindow::on_icon_pressed) );
 

  m_Button_Close.signal_clicked().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_button_close) );
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Button_Close, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
  m_Button_Close.set_can_default();
  m_Button_Close.grab_default();

  show_all_children();
}

ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
{
}

void ExampleWindow::on_icon_pressed(Gtk::EntryIconPosition /* icon_pos */, const GdkEventButton* /* event */)
{
  std::cout << "Icon pressed." << std::endl;
}

void ExampleWindow::on_button_close()
{
  hide();
}

File: main.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <gtkmm/application.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example");

  ExampleWindow window;

  //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
  return app->run(window);
}

VII.II.IV. Saisie avec barre de progression

Un élément graphique Entry peut afficher une barre de progression dans la zone de saisie du texte, en arrière plan du texte. La barre de progression est affichée en faisant appel aux fonctions membres set_progress_fraction() ou set_progress_pulse_step().

VII.II.IV.I. Exemple de saisie avec barre de progression

Cet exemple montre un élément graphique Gtk::Entry avec barre de progression.

Figure VII.5 Saisie avec barre de progression

Code source

File: examplewindow.h (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#ifndef GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H
#define GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

#include <gtkmm.h>

class ExampleWindow : public Gtk::Window
{
public:
  ExampleWindow();
  virtual ~ExampleWindow();

protected:
  //Signal handlers:
  bool on_timeout();
  void on_button_close();

  //Child widgets:
  Gtk::Box m_VBox;
  Gtk::Entry m_Entry;
  Gtk::Button m_Button_Close;
};

#endif //GTKMM_EXAMPLEWINDOW_H

File: examplewindow.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <iostream>

ExampleWindow::ExampleWindow()
: m_VBox(Gtk::ORIENTATION_VERTICAL),
  m_Button_Close("Close")
{
  set_title("Gtk::Entry");

  add(m_VBox);

  m_Entry.set_max_length(50);
  m_Entry.set_text("Hello world");
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Entry, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);

  //Change the progress fraction every 0.1 second:
  Glib::signal_timeout().connect(
    sigc::mem_fun(*this, &ExampleWindow::on_timeout), 
    100
  );

  m_Button_Close.signal_clicked().connect( sigc::mem_fun(*this,
              &ExampleWindow::on_button_close) );
  m_VBox.pack_start(m_Button_Close, Gtk::PACK_SHRINK);
  m_Button_Close.set_can_default();
  m_Button_Close.grab_default();

  show_all_children();
}

ExampleWindow::~ExampleWindow()
{
}

bool ExampleWindow::on_timeout()
{
  static double fraction = 0;
  m_Entry.set_progress_fraction(fraction);

  fraction += 0.01;
  if(fraction > 1)
    fraction = 0;

  return true;
}

void ExampleWindow::on_button_close()
{
  hide();
}

File: main.cc (For use with gtkmm 3, not gtkmm 2) 

#include "examplewindow.h"
#include <gtkmm/application.h>

int main(int argc, char *argv[])
{
  Glib::RefPtr<Gtk::Application> app = Gtk::Application::create(argc, argv, "org.gtkmm.example");

  ExampleWindow window;

  //Shows the window and returns when it is closed.
  return app->run(window);
}
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