There are several tools that are designed to automate image creation.
Oz is a command-line tool that automates the process of creating a virtual machine image file. Oz is a Python app that interacts with KVM to step through the process of installing a virtual machine. It uses a predefined set of kickstart (Red Hat-based systems) and preseed files (Debian-based systems) for operating systems that it supports, and it can also be used to create Microsoft Windows images. On Fedora, install Oz with yum:
# yum install oz
Note | |
---|---|
As of this writing, there are no Oz packages for Ubuntu, so you will need to either install from source or build your own .deb file. |
A full treatment of Oz is beyond the scope of this document, but we will provide an example. You can find additional examples of Oz template files on github at rackerjoe/oz-image-build/templates. Here's how you would create a CentOS 6.4 image with Oz.
Create a template file (we'll call it
centos64.tdl
) with the following
contents. The only entry you will need to change is the
<rootpw>
contents.
<template> <name>centos64</name> <os> <name>CentOS-6</name> <version>4</version> <arch>x86_64</arch> <install type='iso'> <iso>http://mirror.rackspace.com/CentOS/6/isos/x86_64/CentOS-6.4-x86_64-bin-DVD1.iso</iso> </install> <rootpw>CHANGE THIS TO YOUR ROOT PASSWORD</rootpw> </os> <description>CentOS 6.4 x86_64</description> <repositories> <repository name='epel-6'> <url>http://download.fedoraproject.org/pub/epel/6/$basearch</url> <signed>no</signed> </repository> </repositories> <packages> <package name='epel-release'/> <package name='cloud-utils'/> <package name='cloud-init'/> </packages> <commands> <command name='update'> yum update yum clean all sed -i '/^HWADDR/d' /etc/sysconfig/network-scripts/ifcfg-eth0 echo -n > /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules echo -n > /lib/udev/rules.d/75-persistent-net-generator.rules </command> </commands> </template>
This Oz template specifies where to download the Centos
6.4 install ISO. Oz will use the version information to
identify which kickstart file to use. In this case, it
will be RHEL6.auto. It adds EPEL as a repository and
install the epel-release
,
cloud-utils
, and
cloud-init
packages, as specified
in the packages
section of the
file.
After Oz does the initial OS install using the kickstart
file, it customizes the image by doing an update. It also
removes any reference to the eth0 device that libvirt
creates while Oz does the customizing, as specified
in the command
section of the XML
file.
To run this, do, as root:
# oz-install -d3 -u centos64.tdl -x centos64-libvirt.xml
The
-d3
flag tells Oz to show status information as it runs.The
-u
tells Oz to do the customization (install extra packages, run the commands) once it does the initial install.The
-x <filename>
flag tells Oz what filename to use to write out a libvirt XML file (otherwise it will default to something likecentos64Apr_03_2013-12:39:42
.
If you leave out the -u
flag, or you want to edit the file to do additional
customizations, you can use the
oz-customize command, using the
libvirt XML file that oz-install
creates. For example:
# oz-customize -d3 centos64.tdl centos64-libvirt.xml
Oz will invoke libvirt to boot the image inside of KVM, then Oz will ssh into the instance and perform the customizations.
VMBuilder (Virtual Machine Builder) is a command-line tool that creates virtual machine images for different hypervisors. The version of VMBuilder that ships with Ubuntu can only create Ubuntu virtual machine guests. The version of VMBuilder that ships with Debian can create Ubuntu and Debian virtual machine guests.
The Ubuntu Server Guide has documentation on how to use VMBuilder to create an Ubuntu image.
BoxGrinder is another tool for creating virtual machine images, which it calls appliances. BoxGrinder can create Fedora, Red Hat Enterprise Linux, or CentOS images. BoxGrinder is currently only supported on Fedora.
imagefactory is a newer tool designed to automate the building, converting, and uploading images to different cloud providers. It uses Oz as its back-end and includes support for OpenStack-based clouds.
SUSE Studio is a web application for building and testing software applications in a web browser. It supports the creation of physical, virtual or cloud-based applications and includes support for building images for OpenStack based clouds using SUSE Linux Enterprise and openSUSE as distributions.