mm.h

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#ifndef _LINUX_MM_H
#define _LINUX_MM_H

#include <linux/errno.h>

#ifdef __KERNEL__

#include <linux/gfp.h>
#include <linux/bug.h>
#include <linux/list.h>
#include <linux/mmzone.h>
#include <linux/rbtree.h>
#include <linux/atomic.h>
#include <linux/debug_locks.h>
#include <linux/mm_types.h>
#include <linux/range.h>
#include <linux/pfn.h>
#include <linux/bit_spinlock.h>
#include <linux/shrinker.h>

struct mempolicy;
struct anon_vma;
struct anon_vma_chain;
struct file_ra_state;
struct user_struct;
struct writeback_control;

#ifndef CONFIG_DISCONTIGMEM          /* Don't use mapnrs, do it properly */
extern unsigned long max_mapnr;
#endif

extern unsigned long num_physpages;
extern unsigned long totalram_pages;
extern void * high_memory;
extern int page_cluster;

#ifdef CONFIG_SYSCTL
extern int sysctl_legacy_va_layout;
#else
#define sysctl_legacy_va_layout 0
#endif

#include <asm/page.h>
#include <asm/pgtable.h>
#include <asm/processor.h>

#define nth_page(page,n) pfn_to_page(page_to_pfn((page)) + (n))

/* to align the pointer to the (next) page boundary */
#define PAGE_ALIGN(addr) ALIGN(addr, PAGE_SIZE)

/*
 * Linux kernel virtual memory manager primitives.
 * The idea being to have a "virtual" mm in the same way
 * we have a virtual fs - giving a cleaner interface to the
 * mm details, and allowing different kinds of memory mappings
 * (from shared memory to executable loading to arbitrary
 * mmap() functions).
 */

extern struct kmem_cache *vm_area_cachep;

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
extern struct rb_root nommu_region_tree;
extern struct rw_semaphore nommu_region_sem;

extern unsigned int kobjsize(const void *objp);
#endif

/*
 * vm_flags in vm_area_struct, see mm_types.h.
 */
#define VM_NONE     0x00000000

#define VM_READ     0x00000001  /* currently active flags */
#define VM_WRITE    0x00000002
#define VM_EXEC     0x00000004
#define VM_SHARED   0x00000008

/* mprotect() hardcodes VM_MAYREAD >> 4 == VM_READ, and so for r/w/x bits. */
#define VM_MAYREAD  0x00000010  /* limits for mprotect() etc */
#define VM_MAYWRITE 0x00000020
#define VM_MAYEXEC  0x00000040
#define VM_MAYSHARE 0x00000080

#define VM_GROWSDOWN    0x00000100  /* general info on the segment */
#define VM_PFNMAP   0x00000400  /* Page-ranges managed without "struct page", just pure PFN */
#define VM_DENYWRITE    0x00000800  /* ETXTBSY on write attempts.. */

#define VM_LOCKED   0x00002000
#define VM_IO           0x00004000  /* Memory mapped I/O or similar */

                    /* Used by sys_madvise() */
#define VM_SEQ_READ 0x00008000  /* App will access data sequentially */
#define VM_RAND_READ    0x00010000  /* App will not benefit from clustered reads */

#define VM_DONTCOPY 0x00020000      /* Do not copy this vma on fork */
#define VM_DONTEXPAND   0x00040000  /* Cannot expand with mremap() */
#define VM_ACCOUNT  0x00100000  /* Is a VM accounted object */
#define VM_NORESERVE    0x00200000  /* should the VM suppress accounting */
#define VM_HUGETLB  0x00400000  /* Huge TLB Page VM */
#define VM_NONLINEAR    0x00800000  /* Is non-linear (remap_file_pages) */
#define VM_ARCH_1   0x01000000  /* Architecture-specific flag */
#define VM_DONTDUMP 0x04000000  /* Do not include in the core dump */

#define VM_MIXEDMAP 0x10000000  /* Can contain "struct page" and pure PFN pages */
#define VM_HUGEPAGE 0x20000000  /* MADV_HUGEPAGE marked this vma */
#define VM_NOHUGEPAGE   0x40000000  /* MADV_NOHUGEPAGE marked this vma */
#define VM_MERGEABLE    0x80000000  /* KSM may merge identical pages */

#if defined(CONFIG_X86)
# define VM_PAT     VM_ARCH_1   /* PAT reserves whole VMA at once (x86) */
#elif defined(CONFIG_PPC)
# define VM_SAO     VM_ARCH_1   /* Strong Access Ordering (powerpc) */
#elif defined(CONFIG_PARISC)
# define VM_GROWSUP VM_ARCH_1
#elif defined(CONFIG_IA64)
# define VM_GROWSUP VM_ARCH_1
#elif !defined(CONFIG_MMU)
# define VM_MAPPED_COPY VM_ARCH_1   /* T if mapped copy of data (nommu mmap) */
#endif

#ifndef VM_GROWSUP
# define VM_GROWSUP VM_NONE
#endif

/* Bits set in the VMA until the stack is in its final location */
#define VM_STACK_INCOMPLETE_SETUP   (VM_RAND_READ | VM_SEQ_READ)

#ifndef VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS      /* arch can override this */
#define VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS VM_DATA_DEFAULT_FLAGS
#endif

#ifdef CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP
#define VM_STACK_FLAGS  (VM_GROWSUP | VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS | VM_ACCOUNT)
#else
#define VM_STACK_FLAGS  (VM_GROWSDOWN | VM_STACK_DEFAULT_FLAGS | VM_ACCOUNT)
#endif

#define VM_READHINTMASK         (VM_SEQ_READ | VM_RAND_READ)
#define VM_ClearReadHint(v)     (v)->vm_flags &= ~VM_READHINTMASK
#define VM_NormalReadHint(v)        (!((v)->vm_flags & VM_READHINTMASK))
#define VM_SequentialReadHint(v)    ((v)->vm_flags & VM_SEQ_READ)
#define VM_RandomReadHint(v)        ((v)->vm_flags & VM_RAND_READ)

/*
 * Special vmas that are non-mergable, non-mlock()able.
 * Note: mm/huge_memory.c VM_NO_THP depends on this definition.
 */
#define VM_SPECIAL (VM_IO | VM_DONTEXPAND | VM_PFNMAP)

/*
 * mapping from the currently active vm_flags protection bits (the
 * low four bits) to a page protection mask..
 */
extern pgprot_t protection_map[16];

#define FAULT_FLAG_WRITE    0x01    /* Fault was a write access */
#define FAULT_FLAG_NONLINEAR    0x02    /* Fault was via a nonlinear mapping */
#define FAULT_FLAG_MKWRITE  0x04    /* Fault was mkwrite of existing pte */
#define FAULT_FLAG_ALLOW_RETRY  0x08    /* Retry fault if blocking */
#define FAULT_FLAG_RETRY_NOWAIT 0x10    /* Don't drop mmap_sem and wait when retrying */
#define FAULT_FLAG_KILLABLE 0x20    /* The fault task is in SIGKILL killable region */
#define FAULT_FLAG_TRIED    0x40    /* second try */

/*
 * vm_fault is filled by the the pagefault handler and passed to the vma's
 * ->fault function. The vma's ->fault is responsible for returning a bitmask
 * of VM_FAULT_xxx flags that give details about how the fault was handled.
 *
 * pgoff should be used in favour of virtual_address, if possible. If pgoff
 * is used, one may implement ->remap_pages to get nonlinear mapping support.
 */
struct vm_fault {
    unsigned int flags;     /* FAULT_FLAG_xxx flags */
    pgoff_t pgoff;          /* Logical page offset based on vma */
    void __user *virtual_address;   /* Faulting virtual address */

    struct page *page;      /* ->fault handlers should return a
                     * page here, unless VM_FAULT_NOPAGE
                     * is set (which is also implied by
                     * VM_FAULT_ERROR).
                     */
};

/*
 * These are the virtual MM functions - opening of an area, closing and
 * unmapping it (needed to keep files on disk up-to-date etc), pointer
 * to the functions called when a no-page or a wp-page exception occurs. 
 */
struct vm_operations_struct {
    void (*open)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
    void (*close)(struct vm_area_struct * area);
    int (*fault)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

    /* notification that a previously read-only page is about to become
     * writable, if an error is returned it will cause a SIGBUS */
    int (*page_mkwrite)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

    /* called by access_process_vm when get_user_pages() fails, typically
     * for use by special VMAs that can switch between memory and hardware
     */
    int (*access)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
              void *buf, int len, int write);
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
    /*
     * set_policy() op must add a reference to any non-NULL @new mempolicy
     * to hold the policy upon return.  Caller should pass NULL @new to
     * remove a policy and fall back to surrounding context--i.e. do not
     * install a MPOL_DEFAULT policy, nor the task or system default
     * mempolicy.
     */
    int (*set_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct mempolicy *new);

    /*
     * get_policy() op must add reference [mpol_get()] to any policy at
     * (vma,addr) marked as MPOL_SHARED.  The shared policy infrastructure
     * in mm/mempolicy.c will do this automatically.
     * get_policy() must NOT add a ref if the policy at (vma,addr) is not
     * marked as MPOL_SHARED. vma policies are protected by the mmap_sem.
     * If no [shared/vma] mempolicy exists at the addr, get_policy() op
     * must return NULL--i.e., do not "fallback" to task or system default
     * policy.
     */
    struct mempolicy *(*get_policy)(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                    unsigned long addr);
    int (*migrate)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, const nodemask_t *from,
        const nodemask_t *to, unsigned long flags);
#endif
    /* called by sys_remap_file_pages() to populate non-linear mapping */
    int (*remap_pages)(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
               unsigned long size, pgoff_t pgoff);
};

struct mmu_gather;
struct inode;

#define page_private(page)      ((page)->private)
#define set_page_private(page, v)   ((page)->private = (v))

/* It's valid only if the page is free path or free_list */
static inline void set_freepage_migratetype(struct page *page, int migratetype)
{
    page->index = migratetype;
}

/* It's valid only if the page is free path or free_list */
static inline int get_freepage_migratetype(struct page *page)
{
    return page->index;
}

/*
 * FIXME: take this include out, include page-flags.h in
 * files which need it (119 of them)
 */
#include <linux/page-flags.h>
#include <linux/huge_mm.h>

/*
 * Methods to modify the page usage count.
 *
 * What counts for a page usage:
 * - cache mapping   (page->mapping)
 * - private data    (page->private)
 * - page mapped in a task's page tables, each mapping
 *   is counted separately
 *
 * Also, many kernel routines increase the page count before a critical
 * routine so they can be sure the page doesn't go away from under them.
 */

/*
 * Drop a ref, return true if the refcount fell to zero (the page has no users)
 */
static inline int put_page_testzero(struct page *page)
{
    VM_BUG_ON(atomic_read(&page->_count) == 0);
    return atomic_dec_and_test(&page->_count);
}

/*
 * Try to grab a ref unless the page has a refcount of zero, return false if
 * that is the case.
 */
static inline int get_page_unless_zero(struct page *page)
{
    return atomic_inc_not_zero(&page->_count);
}

extern int page_is_ram(unsigned long pfn);

/* Support for virtually mapped pages */
struct page *vmalloc_to_page(const void *addr);
unsigned long vmalloc_to_pfn(const void *addr);

/*
 * Determine if an address is within the vmalloc range
 *
 * On nommu, vmalloc/vfree wrap through kmalloc/kfree directly, so there
 * is no special casing required.
 */
static inline int is_vmalloc_addr(const void *x)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
    unsigned long addr = (unsigned long)x;

    return addr >= VMALLOC_START && addr < VMALLOC_END;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}
#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x);
#else
static inline int is_vmalloc_or_module_addr(const void *x)
{
    return 0;
}
#endif

static inline void compound_lock(struct page *page)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
    VM_BUG_ON(PageSlab(page));
    bit_spin_lock(PG_compound_lock, &page->flags);
#endif
}

static inline void compound_unlock(struct page *page)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
    VM_BUG_ON(PageSlab(page));
    bit_spin_unlock(PG_compound_lock, &page->flags);
#endif
}

static inline unsigned long compound_lock_irqsave(struct page *page)
{
    unsigned long uninitialized_var(flags);
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
    local_irq_save(flags);
    compound_lock(page);
#endif
    return flags;
}

static inline void compound_unlock_irqrestore(struct page *page,
                          unsigned long flags)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE
    compound_unlock(page);
    local_irq_restore(flags);
#endif
}

static inline struct page *compound_head(struct page *page)
{
    if (unlikely(PageTail(page)))
        return page->first_page;
    return page;
}

/*
 * The atomic page->_mapcount, starts from -1: so that transitions
 * both from it and to it can be tracked, using atomic_inc_and_test
 * and atomic_add_negative(-1).
 */
static inline void reset_page_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
    atomic_set(&(page)->_mapcount, -1);
}

static inline int page_mapcount(struct page *page)
{
    return atomic_read(&(page)->_mapcount) + 1;
}

static inline int page_count(struct page *page)
{
    return atomic_read(&compound_head(page)->_count);
}

static inline void get_huge_page_tail(struct page *page)
{
    /*
     * __split_huge_page_refcount() cannot run
     * from under us.
     */
    VM_BUG_ON(page_mapcount(page) < 0);
    VM_BUG_ON(atomic_read(&page->_count) != 0);
    atomic_inc(&page->_mapcount);
}

extern bool __get_page_tail(struct page *page);

static inline void get_page(struct page *page)
{
    if (unlikely(PageTail(page)))
        if (likely(__get_page_tail(page)))
            return;
    /*
     * Getting a normal page or the head of a compound page
     * requires to already have an elevated page->_count.
     */
    VM_BUG_ON(atomic_read(&page->_count) <= 0);
    atomic_inc(&page->_count);
}

static inline struct page *virt_to_head_page(const void *x)
{
    struct page *page = virt_to_page(x);
    return compound_head(page);
}

/*
 * Setup the page count before being freed into the page allocator for
 * the first time (boot or memory hotplug)
 */
static inline void init_page_count(struct page *page)
{
    atomic_set(&page->_count, 1);
}

/*
 * PageBuddy() indicate that the page is free and in the buddy system
 * (see mm/page_alloc.c).
 *
 * PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE must be <= -2 but better not too close to
 * -2 so that an underflow of the page_mapcount() won't be mistaken
 * for a genuine PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE. -128 can be created very
 * efficiently by most CPU architectures.
 */
#define PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE (-128)

static inline int PageBuddy(struct page *page)
{
    return atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) == PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE;
}

static inline void __SetPageBuddy(struct page *page)
{
    VM_BUG_ON(atomic_read(&page->_mapcount) != -1);
    atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, PAGE_BUDDY_MAPCOUNT_VALUE);
}

static inline void __ClearPageBuddy(struct page *page)
{
    VM_BUG_ON(!PageBuddy(page));
    atomic_set(&page->_mapcount, -1);
}

void put_page(struct page *page);
void put_pages_list(struct list_head *pages);

void split_page(struct page *page, unsigned int order);
int split_free_page(struct page *page);
int capture_free_page(struct page *page, int alloc_order, int migratetype);

/*
 * Compound pages have a destructor function.  Provide a
 * prototype for that function and accessor functions.
 * These are _only_ valid on the head of a PG_compound page.
 */
typedef void compound_page_dtor(struct page *);

static inline void set_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page,
                        compound_page_dtor *dtor)
{
    page[1].lru.next = (void *)dtor;
}

static inline compound_page_dtor *get_compound_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
    return (compound_page_dtor *)page[1].lru.next;
}

static inline int compound_order(struct page *page)
{
    if (!PageHead(page))
        return 0;
    return (unsigned long)page[1].lru.prev;
}

static inline int compound_trans_order(struct page *page)
{
    int order;
    unsigned long flags;

    if (!PageHead(page))
        return 0;

    flags = compound_lock_irqsave(page);
    order = compound_order(page);
    compound_unlock_irqrestore(page, flags);
    return order;
}

static inline void set_compound_order(struct page *page, unsigned long order)
{
    page[1].lru.prev = (void *)order;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
/*
 * Do pte_mkwrite, but only if the vma says VM_WRITE.  We do this when
 * servicing faults for write access.  In the normal case, do always want
 * pte_mkwrite.  But get_user_pages can cause write faults for mappings
 * that do not have writing enabled, when used by access_process_vm.
 */
static inline pte_t maybe_mkwrite(pte_t pte, struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
    if (likely(vma->vm_flags & VM_WRITE))
        pte = pte_mkwrite(pte);
    return pte;
}
#endif

/*
 * Multiple processes may "see" the same page. E.g. for untouched
 * mappings of /dev/null, all processes see the same page full of
 * zeroes, and text pages of executables and shared libraries have
 * only one copy in memory, at most, normally.
 *
 * For the non-reserved pages, page_count(page) denotes a reference count.
 *   page_count() == 0 means the page is free. page->lru is then used for
 *   freelist management in the buddy allocator.
 *   page_count() > 0  means the page has been allocated.
 *
 * Pages are allocated by the slab allocator in order to provide memory
 * to kmalloc and kmem_cache_alloc. In this case, the management of the
 * page, and the fields in 'struct page' are the responsibility of mm/slab.c
 * unless a particular usage is carefully commented. (the responsibility of
 * freeing the kmalloc memory is the caller's, of course).
 *
 * A page may be used by anyone else who does a __get_free_page().
 * In this case, page_count still tracks the references, and should only
 * be used through the normal accessor functions. The top bits of page->flags
 * and page->virtual store page management information, but all other fields
 * are unused and could be used privately, carefully. The management of this
 * page is the responsibility of the one who allocated it, and those who have
 * subsequently been given references to it.
 *
 * The other pages (we may call them "pagecache pages") are completely
 * managed by the Linux memory manager: I/O, buffers, swapping etc.
 * The following discussion applies only to them.
 *
 * A pagecache page contains an opaque `private' member, which belongs to the
 * page's address_space. Usually, this is the address of a circular list of
 * the page's disk buffers. PG_private must be set to tell the VM to call
 * into the filesystem to release these pages.
 *
 * A page may belong to an inode's memory mapping. In this case, page->mapping
 * is the pointer to the inode, and page->index is the file offset of the page,
 * in units of PAGE_CACHE_SIZE.
 *
 * If pagecache pages are not associated with an inode, they are said to be
 * anonymous pages. These may become associated with the swapcache, and in that
 * case PG_swapcache is set, and page->private is an offset into the swapcache.
 *
 * In either case (swapcache or inode backed), the pagecache itself holds one
 * reference to the page. Setting PG_private should also increment the
 * refcount. The each user mapping also has a reference to the page.
 *
 * The pagecache pages are stored in a per-mapping radix tree, which is
 * rooted at mapping->page_tree, and indexed by offset.
 * Where 2.4 and early 2.6 kernels kept dirty/clean pages in per-address_space
 * lists, we instead now tag pages as dirty/writeback in the radix tree.
 *
 * All pagecache pages may be subject to I/O:
 * - inode pages may need to be read from disk,
 * - inode pages which have been modified and are MAP_SHARED may need
 *   to be written back to the inode on disk,
 * - anonymous pages (including MAP_PRIVATE file mappings) which have been
 *   modified may need to be swapped out to swap space and (later) to be read
 *   back into memory.
 */

/*
 * The zone field is never updated after free_area_init_core()
 * sets it, so none of the operations on it need to be atomic.
 */


/*
 * page->flags layout:
 *
 * There are three possibilities for how page->flags get
 * laid out.  The first is for the normal case, without
 * sparsemem.  The second is for sparsemem when there is
 * plenty of space for node and section.  The last is when
 * we have run out of space and have to fall back to an
 * alternate (slower) way of determining the node.
 *
 * No sparsemem or sparsemem vmemmap: |       NODE     | ZONE | ... | FLAGS |
 * classic sparse with space for node:| SECTION | NODE | ZONE | ... | FLAGS |
 * classic sparse no space for node:  | SECTION |     ZONE    | ... | FLAGS |
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) && !defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)
#define SECTIONS_WIDTH      SECTIONS_SHIFT
#else
#define SECTIONS_WIDTH      0
#endif

#define ZONES_WIDTH     ZONES_SHIFT

#if SECTIONS_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH+NODES_SHIFT <= BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#define NODES_WIDTH     NODES_SHIFT
#else
#ifdef CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP
#error "Vmemmap: No space for nodes field in page flags"
#endif
#define NODES_WIDTH     0
#endif

/* Page flags: | [SECTION] | [NODE] | ZONE | ... | FLAGS | */
#define SECTIONS_PGOFF      ((sizeof(unsigned long)*8) - SECTIONS_WIDTH)
#define NODES_PGOFF     (SECTIONS_PGOFF - NODES_WIDTH)
#define ZONES_PGOFF     (NODES_PGOFF - ZONES_WIDTH)

/*
 * We are going to use the flags for the page to node mapping if its in
 * there.  This includes the case where there is no node, so it is implicit.
 */
#if !(NODES_WIDTH > 0 || NODES_SHIFT == 0)
#define NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#endif

/*
 * Define the bit shifts to access each section.  For non-existent
 * sections we define the shift as 0; that plus a 0 mask ensures
 * the compiler will optimise away reference to them.
 */
#define SECTIONS_PGSHIFT    (SECTIONS_PGOFF * (SECTIONS_WIDTH != 0))
#define NODES_PGSHIFT       (NODES_PGOFF * (NODES_WIDTH != 0))
#define ZONES_PGSHIFT       (ZONES_PGOFF * (ZONES_WIDTH != 0))

/* NODE:ZONE or SECTION:ZONE is used to ID a zone for the buddy allocator */
#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
#define ZONEID_SHIFT        (SECTIONS_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)
#define ZONEID_PGOFF        ((SECTIONS_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
                        SECTIONS_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#else
#define ZONEID_SHIFT        (NODES_SHIFT + ZONES_SHIFT)
#define ZONEID_PGOFF        ((NODES_PGOFF < ZONES_PGOFF)? \
                        NODES_PGOFF : ZONES_PGOFF)
#endif

#define ZONEID_PGSHIFT      (ZONEID_PGOFF * (ZONEID_SHIFT != 0))

#if SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#error SECTIONS_WIDTH+NODES_WIDTH+ZONES_WIDTH > BITS_PER_LONG - NR_PAGEFLAGS
#endif

#define ZONES_MASK      ((1UL << ZONES_WIDTH) - 1)
#define NODES_MASK      ((1UL << NODES_WIDTH) - 1)
#define SECTIONS_MASK       ((1UL << SECTIONS_WIDTH) - 1)
#define ZONEID_MASK     ((1UL << ZONEID_SHIFT) - 1)

static inline enum zone_type page_zonenum(const struct page *page)
{
    return (page->flags >> ZONES_PGSHIFT) & ZONES_MASK;
}

/*
 * The identification function is only used by the buddy allocator for
 * determining if two pages could be buddies. We are not really
 * identifying a zone since we could be using a the section number
 * id if we have not node id available in page flags.
 * We guarantee only that it will return the same value for two
 * combinable pages in a zone.
 */
static inline int page_zone_id(struct page *page)
{
    return (page->flags >> ZONEID_PGSHIFT) & ZONEID_MASK;
}

static inline int zone_to_nid(struct zone *zone)
{
#ifdef CONFIG_NUMA
    return zone->node;
#else
    return 0;
#endif
}

#ifdef NODE_NOT_IN_PAGE_FLAGS
extern int page_to_nid(const struct page *page);
#else
static inline int page_to_nid(const struct page *page)
{
    return (page->flags >> NODES_PGSHIFT) & NODES_MASK;
}
#endif

static inline struct zone *page_zone(const struct page *page)
{
    return &NODE_DATA(page_to_nid(page))->node_zones[page_zonenum(page)];
}

#if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) && !defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)
static inline void set_page_section(struct page *page, unsigned long section)
{
    page->flags &= ~(SECTIONS_MASK << SECTIONS_PGSHIFT);
    page->flags |= (section & SECTIONS_MASK) << SECTIONS_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline unsigned long page_to_section(const struct page *page)
{
    return (page->flags >> SECTIONS_PGSHIFT) & SECTIONS_MASK;
}
#endif

static inline void set_page_zone(struct page *page, enum zone_type zone)
{
    page->flags &= ~(ZONES_MASK << ZONES_PGSHIFT);
    page->flags |= (zone & ZONES_MASK) << ZONES_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline void set_page_node(struct page *page, unsigned long node)
{
    page->flags &= ~(NODES_MASK << NODES_PGSHIFT);
    page->flags |= (node & NODES_MASK) << NODES_PGSHIFT;
}

static inline void set_page_links(struct page *page, enum zone_type zone,
    unsigned long node, unsigned long pfn)
{
    set_page_zone(page, zone);
    set_page_node(page, node);
#if defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM) && !defined(CONFIG_SPARSEMEM_VMEMMAP)
    set_page_section(page, pfn_to_section_nr(pfn));
#endif
}

/*
 * Some inline functions in vmstat.h depend on page_zone()
 */
#include <linux/vmstat.h>

static __always_inline void *lowmem_page_address(const struct page *page)
{
    return __va(PFN_PHYS(page_to_pfn(page)));
}

#if defined(CONFIG_HIGHMEM) && !defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
#define HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL
#endif

#if defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
#define page_address(page) ((page)->virtual)
#define set_page_address(page, address)         \
    do {                        \
        (page)->virtual = (address);        \
    } while(0)
#define page_address_init()  do { } while(0)
#endif

#if defined(HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
void *page_address(const struct page *page);
void set_page_address(struct page *page, void *virtual);
void page_address_init(void);
#endif

#if !defined(HASHED_PAGE_VIRTUAL) && !defined(WANT_PAGE_VIRTUAL)
#define page_address(page) lowmem_page_address(page)
#define set_page_address(page, address)  do { } while(0)
#define page_address_init()  do { } while(0)
#endif

/*
 * On an anonymous page mapped into a user virtual memory area,
 * page->mapping points to its anon_vma, not to a struct address_space;
 * with the PAGE_MAPPING_ANON bit set to distinguish it.  See rmap.h.
 *
 * On an anonymous page in a VM_MERGEABLE area, if CONFIG_KSM is enabled,
 * the PAGE_MAPPING_KSM bit may be set along with the PAGE_MAPPING_ANON bit;
 * and then page->mapping points, not to an anon_vma, but to a private
 * structure which KSM associates with that merged page.  See ksm.h.
 *
 * PAGE_MAPPING_KSM without PAGE_MAPPING_ANON is currently never used.
 *
 * Please note that, confusingly, "page_mapping" refers to the inode
 * address_space which maps the page from disk; whereas "page_mapped"
 * refers to user virtual address space into which the page is mapped.
 */
#define PAGE_MAPPING_ANON   1
#define PAGE_MAPPING_KSM    2
#define PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS  (PAGE_MAPPING_ANON | PAGE_MAPPING_KSM)

extern struct address_space swapper_space;
static inline struct address_space *page_mapping(struct page *page)
{
    struct address_space *mapping = page->mapping;

    VM_BUG_ON(PageSlab(page));
    if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
        mapping = &swapper_space;
    else if ((unsigned long)mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_ANON)
        mapping = NULL;
    return mapping;
}

/* Neutral page->mapping pointer to address_space or anon_vma or other */
static inline void *page_rmapping(struct page *page)
{
    return (void *)((unsigned long)page->mapping & ~PAGE_MAPPING_FLAGS);
}

extern struct address_space *__page_file_mapping(struct page *);

static inline
struct address_space *page_file_mapping(struct page *page)
{
    if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
        return __page_file_mapping(page);

    return page->mapping;
}

static inline int PageAnon(struct page *page)
{
    return ((unsigned long)page->mapping & PAGE_MAPPING_ANON) != 0;
}

/*
 * Return the pagecache index of the passed page.  Regular pagecache pages
 * use ->index whereas swapcache pages use ->private
 */
static inline pgoff_t page_index(struct page *page)
{
    if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
        return page_private(page);
    return page->index;
}

extern pgoff_t __page_file_index(struct page *page);

/*
 * Return the file index of the page. Regular pagecache pages use ->index
 * whereas swapcache pages use swp_offset(->private)
 */
static inline pgoff_t page_file_index(struct page *page)
{
    if (unlikely(PageSwapCache(page)))
        return __page_file_index(page);

    return page->index;
}

/*
 * Return true if this page is mapped into pagetables.
 */
static inline int page_mapped(struct page *page)
{
    return atomic_read(&(page)->_mapcount) >= 0;
}

/*
 * Different kinds of faults, as returned by handle_mm_fault().
 * Used to decide whether a process gets delivered SIGBUS or
 * just gets major/minor fault counters bumped up.
 */

#define VM_FAULT_MINOR  0 /* For backwards compat. Remove me quickly. */

#define VM_FAULT_OOM    0x0001
#define VM_FAULT_SIGBUS 0x0002
#define VM_FAULT_MAJOR  0x0004
#define VM_FAULT_WRITE  0x0008  /* Special case for get_user_pages */
#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON 0x0010    /* Hit poisoned small page */
#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE 0x0020  /* Hit poisoned large page. Index encoded in upper bits */

#define VM_FAULT_NOPAGE 0x0100  /* ->fault installed the pte, not return page */
#define VM_FAULT_LOCKED 0x0200  /* ->fault locked the returned page */
#define VM_FAULT_RETRY  0x0400  /* ->fault blocked, must retry */

#define VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE_MASK 0xf000 /* encodes hpage index for large hwpoison */

#define VM_FAULT_ERROR  (VM_FAULT_OOM | VM_FAULT_SIGBUS | VM_FAULT_HWPOISON | \
             VM_FAULT_HWPOISON_LARGE)

/* Encode hstate index for a hwpoisoned large page */
#define VM_FAULT_SET_HINDEX(x) ((x) << 12)
#define VM_FAULT_GET_HINDEX(x) (((x) >> 12) & 0xf)

/*
 * Can be called by the pagefault handler when it gets a VM_FAULT_OOM.
 */
extern void pagefault_out_of_memory(void);

#define offset_in_page(p)   ((unsigned long)(p) & ~PAGE_MASK)

/*
 * Flags passed to show_mem() and show_free_areas() to suppress output in
 * various contexts.
 */
#define SHOW_MEM_FILTER_NODES   (0x0001u)   /* filter disallowed nodes */

extern void show_free_areas(unsigned int flags);
extern bool skip_free_areas_node(unsigned int flags, int nid);

int shmem_zero_setup(struct vm_area_struct *);

extern int can_do_mlock(void);
extern int user_shm_lock(size_t, struct user_struct *);
extern void user_shm_unlock(size_t, struct user_struct *);

/*
 * Parameter block passed down to zap_pte_range in exceptional cases.
 */
struct zap_details {
    struct vm_area_struct *nonlinear_vma;   /* Check page->index if set */
    struct address_space *check_mapping;    /* Check page->mapping if set */
    pgoff_t first_index;            /* Lowest page->index to unmap */
    pgoff_t last_index;         /* Highest page->index to unmap */
};

struct page *vm_normal_page(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
        pte_t pte);

int zap_vma_ptes(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
        unsigned long size);
void zap_page_range(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
        unsigned long size, struct zap_details *);
void unmap_vmas(struct mmu_gather *tlb, struct vm_area_struct *start_vma,
        unsigned long start, unsigned long end);

struct mm_walk {
    int (*pgd_entry)(pgd_t *, unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    int (*pud_entry)(pud_t *, unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    int (*pmd_entry)(pmd_t *, unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    int (*pte_entry)(pte_t *, unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    int (*pte_hole)(unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    int (*hugetlb_entry)(pte_t *, unsigned long,
                 unsigned long, unsigned long, struct mm_walk *);
    struct mm_struct *mm;
    void *private;
};

int walk_page_range(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
        struct mm_walk *walk);
void free_pgd_range(struct mmu_gather *tlb, unsigned long addr,
        unsigned long end, unsigned long floor, unsigned long ceiling);
int copy_page_range(struct mm_struct *dst, struct mm_struct *src,
            struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void unmap_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
        loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen, int even_cows);
int follow_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
    unsigned long *pfn);
int follow_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
        unsigned int flags, unsigned long *prot, resource_size_t *phys);
int generic_access_phys(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
            void *buf, int len, int write);

static inline void unmap_shared_mapping_range(struct address_space *mapping,
        loff_t const holebegin, loff_t const holelen)
{
    unmap_mapping_range(mapping, holebegin, holelen, 0);
}

extern void truncate_pagecache(struct inode *inode, loff_t old, loff_t new);
extern void truncate_setsize(struct inode *inode, loff_t newsize);
extern int vmtruncate(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset);
void truncate_pagecache_range(struct inode *inode, loff_t offset, loff_t end);
int truncate_inode_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
int generic_error_remove_page(struct address_space *mapping, struct page *page);
int invalidate_inode_page(struct page *page);

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
extern int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
            unsigned long address, unsigned int flags);
extern int fixup_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
                unsigned long address, unsigned int fault_flags);
#else
static inline int handle_mm_fault(struct mm_struct *mm,
            struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address,
            unsigned int flags)
{
    /* should never happen if there's no MMU */
    BUG();
    return VM_FAULT_SIGBUS;
}
static inline int fixup_user_fault(struct task_struct *tsk,
        struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
        unsigned int fault_flags)
{
    /* should never happen if there's no MMU */
    BUG();
    return -EFAULT;
}
#endif

extern int make_pages_present(unsigned long addr, unsigned long end);
extern int access_process_vm(struct task_struct *tsk, unsigned long addr, void *buf, int len, int write);
extern int access_remote_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
        void *buf, int len, int write);

int __get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
             unsigned long start, int len, unsigned int foll_flags,
             struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas,
             int *nonblocking);
int get_user_pages(struct task_struct *tsk, struct mm_struct *mm,
            unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write, int force,
            struct page **pages, struct vm_area_struct **vmas);
int get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
            struct page **pages);
struct kvec;
int get_kernel_pages(const struct kvec *iov, int nr_pages, int write,
            struct page **pages);
int get_kernel_page(unsigned long start, int write, struct page **pages);
struct page *get_dump_page(unsigned long addr);

extern int try_to_release_page(struct page * page, gfp_t gfp_mask);
extern void do_invalidatepage(struct page *page, unsigned long offset);

int __set_page_dirty_nobuffers(struct page *page);
int __set_page_dirty_no_writeback(struct page *page);
int redirty_page_for_writepage(struct writeback_control *wbc,
                struct page *page);
void account_page_dirtied(struct page *page, struct address_space *mapping);
void account_page_writeback(struct page *page);
int set_page_dirty(struct page *page);
int set_page_dirty_lock(struct page *page);
int clear_page_dirty_for_io(struct page *page);

/* Is the vma a continuation of the stack vma above it? */
static inline int vma_growsdown(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
    return vma && (vma->vm_end == addr) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN);
}

static inline int stack_guard_page_start(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                         unsigned long addr)
{
    return (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSDOWN) &&
        (vma->vm_start == addr) &&
        !vma_growsdown(vma->vm_prev, addr);
}

/* Is the vma a continuation of the stack vma below it? */
static inline int vma_growsup(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr)
{
    return vma && (vma->vm_start == addr) && (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP);
}

static inline int stack_guard_page_end(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                       unsigned long addr)
{
    return (vma->vm_flags & VM_GROWSUP) &&
        (vma->vm_end == addr) &&
        !vma_growsup(vma->vm_next, addr);
}

extern pid_t
vm_is_stack(struct task_struct *task, struct vm_area_struct *vma, int in_group);

extern unsigned long move_page_tables(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
        unsigned long old_addr, struct vm_area_struct *new_vma,
        unsigned long new_addr, unsigned long len,
        bool need_rmap_locks);
extern unsigned long do_mremap(unsigned long addr,
                   unsigned long old_len, unsigned long new_len,
                   unsigned long flags, unsigned long new_addr);
extern int mprotect_fixup(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
              struct vm_area_struct **pprev, unsigned long start,
              unsigned long end, unsigned long newflags);

/*
 * doesn't attempt to fault and will return short.
 */
int __get_user_pages_fast(unsigned long start, int nr_pages, int write,
              struct page **pages);
/*
 * per-process(per-mm_struct) statistics.
 */
static inline unsigned long get_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
    long val = atomic_long_read(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);

#ifdef SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING
    /*
     * counter is updated in asynchronous manner and may go to minus.
     * But it's never be expected number for users.
     */
    if (val < 0)
        val = 0;
#endif
    return (unsigned long)val;
}

static inline void add_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member, long value)
{
    atomic_long_add(value, &mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

static inline void inc_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
    atomic_long_inc(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

static inline void dec_mm_counter(struct mm_struct *mm, int member)
{
    atomic_long_dec(&mm->rss_stat.count[member]);
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    return get_mm_counter(mm, MM_FILEPAGES) +
        get_mm_counter(mm, MM_ANONPAGES);
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    return max(mm->hiwater_rss, get_mm_rss(mm));
}

static inline unsigned long get_mm_hiwater_vm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    return max(mm->hiwater_vm, mm->total_vm);
}

static inline void update_hiwater_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    unsigned long _rss = get_mm_rss(mm);

    if ((mm)->hiwater_rss < _rss)
        (mm)->hiwater_rss = _rss;
}

static inline void update_hiwater_vm(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    if (mm->hiwater_vm < mm->total_vm)
        mm->hiwater_vm = mm->total_vm;
}

static inline void setmax_mm_hiwater_rss(unsigned long *maxrss,
                     struct mm_struct *mm)
{
    unsigned long hiwater_rss = get_mm_hiwater_rss(mm);

    if (*maxrss < hiwater_rss)
        *maxrss = hiwater_rss;
}

#if defined(SPLIT_RSS_COUNTING)
void sync_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm);
#else
static inline void sync_mm_rss(struct mm_struct *mm)
{
}
#endif

int vma_wants_writenotify(struct vm_area_struct *vma);

extern pte_t *__get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                   spinlock_t **ptl);
static inline pte_t *get_locked_pte(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr,
                    spinlock_t **ptl)
{
    pte_t *ptep;
    __cond_lock(*ptl, ptep = __get_locked_pte(mm, addr, ptl));
    return ptep;
}

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_PUD_FOLDED
static inline int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd,
                        unsigned long address)
{
    return 0;
}
#else
int __pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address);
#endif

#ifdef __PAGETABLE_PMD_FOLDED
static inline int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud,
                        unsigned long address)
{
    return 0;
}
#else
int __pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address);
#endif

int __pte_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
        pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address);
int __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long address);

/*
 * The following ifdef needed to get the 4level-fixup.h header to work.
 * Remove it when 4level-fixup.h has been removed.
 */
#if defined(CONFIG_MMU) && !defined(__ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK)
static inline pud_t *pud_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long address)
{
    return (unlikely(pgd_none(*pgd)) && __pud_alloc(mm, pgd, address))?
        NULL: pud_offset(pgd, address);
}

static inline pmd_t *pmd_alloc(struct mm_struct *mm, pud_t *pud, unsigned long address)
{
    return (unlikely(pud_none(*pud)) && __pmd_alloc(mm, pud, address))?
        NULL: pmd_offset(pud, address);
}
#endif /* CONFIG_MMU && !__ARCH_HAS_4LEVEL_HACK */

#if USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS
/*
 * We tuck a spinlock to guard each pagetable page into its struct page,
 * at page->private, with BUILD_BUG_ON to make sure that this will not
 * overflow into the next struct page (as it might with DEBUG_SPINLOCK).
 * When freeing, reset page->mapping so free_pages_check won't complain.
 */
#define __pte_lockptr(page) &((page)->ptl)
#define pte_lock_init(_page)    do {                    \
    spin_lock_init(__pte_lockptr(_page));               \
} while (0)
#define pte_lock_deinit(page)   ((page)->mapping = NULL)
#define pte_lockptr(mm, pmd)    ({(void)(mm); __pte_lockptr(pmd_page(*(pmd)));})
#else   /* !USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS */
/*
 * We use mm->page_table_lock to guard all pagetable pages of the mm.
 */
#define pte_lock_init(page) do {} while (0)
#define pte_lock_deinit(page)   do {} while (0)
#define pte_lockptr(mm, pmd)    ({(void)(pmd); &(mm)->page_table_lock;})
#endif /* USE_SPLIT_PTLOCKS */

static inline void pgtable_page_ctor(struct page *page)
{
    pte_lock_init(page);
    inc_zone_page_state(page, NR_PAGETABLE);
}

static inline void pgtable_page_dtor(struct page *page)
{
    pte_lock_deinit(page);
    dec_zone_page_state(page, NR_PAGETABLE);
}

#define pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp) \
({                          \
    spinlock_t *__ptl = pte_lockptr(mm, pmd);   \
    pte_t *__pte = pte_offset_map(pmd, address);    \
    *(ptlp) = __ptl;                \
    spin_lock(__ptl);               \
    __pte;                      \
})

#define pte_unmap_unlock(pte, ptl)  do {        \
    spin_unlock(ptl);               \
    pte_unmap(pte);                 \
} while (0)

#define pte_alloc_map(mm, vma, pmd, address)                \
    ((unlikely(pmd_none(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc(mm, vma,    \
                            pmd, address))? \
     NULL: pte_offset_map(pmd, address))

#define pte_alloc_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp)  \
    ((unlikely(pmd_none(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc(mm, NULL,   \
                            pmd, address))? \
        NULL: pte_offset_map_lock(mm, pmd, address, ptlp))

#define pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, address)          \
    ((unlikely(pmd_none(*(pmd))) && __pte_alloc_kernel(pmd, address))? \
        NULL: pte_offset_kernel(pmd, address))

extern void free_area_init(unsigned long * zones_size);
extern void free_area_init_node(int nid, unsigned long * zones_size,
        unsigned long zone_start_pfn, unsigned long *zholes_size);
extern void free_initmem(void);

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP
/*
 * With CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP set, an architecture may initialise its
 * zones, allocate the backing mem_map and account for memory holes in a more
 * architecture independent manner. This is a substitute for creating the
 * zone_sizes[] and zholes_size[] arrays and passing them to
 * free_area_init_node()
 *
 * An architecture is expected to register range of page frames backed by
 * physical memory with memblock_add[_node]() before calling
 * free_area_init_nodes() passing in the PFN each zone ends at. At a basic
 * usage, an architecture is expected to do something like
 *
 * unsigned long max_zone_pfns[MAX_NR_ZONES] = {max_dma, max_normal_pfn,
 *                           max_highmem_pfn};
 * for_each_valid_physical_page_range()
 *  memblock_add_node(base, size, nid)
 * free_area_init_nodes(max_zone_pfns);
 *
 * free_bootmem_with_active_regions() calls free_bootmem_node() for each
 * registered physical page range.  Similarly
 * sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions() calls memory_present() for
 * each range when SPARSEMEM is enabled.
 *
 * See mm/page_alloc.c for more information on each function exposed by
 * CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP.
 */
extern void free_area_init_nodes(unsigned long *max_zone_pfn);
unsigned long node_map_pfn_alignment(void);
unsigned long __absent_pages_in_range(int nid, unsigned long start_pfn,
                        unsigned long end_pfn);
extern unsigned long absent_pages_in_range(unsigned long start_pfn,
                        unsigned long end_pfn);
extern void get_pfn_range_for_nid(unsigned int nid,
            unsigned long *start_pfn, unsigned long *end_pfn);
extern unsigned long find_min_pfn_with_active_regions(void);
extern void free_bootmem_with_active_regions(int nid,
                        unsigned long max_low_pfn);
extern void sparse_memory_present_with_active_regions(int nid);

#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP */

#if !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_MEMBLOCK_NODE_MAP) && \
    !defined(CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID)
static inline int __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn)
{
    return 0;
}
#else
/* please see mm/page_alloc.c */
extern int __meminit early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn);
#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID
/* there is a per-arch backend function. */
extern int __meminit __early_pfn_to_nid(unsigned long pfn);
#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_ARCH_EARLY_PFN_TO_NID */
#endif

extern void set_dma_reserve(unsigned long new_dma_reserve);
extern void memmap_init_zone(unsigned long, int, unsigned long,
                unsigned long, enum memmap_context);
extern void setup_per_zone_wmarks(void);
extern int __meminit init_per_zone_wmark_min(void);
extern void mem_init(void);
extern void __init mmap_init(void);
extern void show_mem(unsigned int flags);
extern void si_meminfo(struct sysinfo * val);
extern void si_meminfo_node(struct sysinfo *val, int nid);
extern int after_bootmem;

extern __printf(3, 4)
void warn_alloc_failed(gfp_t gfp_mask, int order, const char *fmt, ...);

extern void setup_per_cpu_pageset(void);

extern void zone_pcp_update(struct zone *zone);
extern void zone_pcp_reset(struct zone *zone);

/* nommu.c */
extern atomic_long_t mmap_pages_allocated;
extern int nommu_shrink_inode_mappings(struct inode *, size_t, size_t);

/* interval_tree.c */
void vma_interval_tree_insert(struct vm_area_struct *node,
                  struct rb_root *root);
void vma_interval_tree_insert_after(struct vm_area_struct *node,
                    struct vm_area_struct *prev,
                    struct rb_root *root);
void vma_interval_tree_remove(struct vm_area_struct *node,
                  struct rb_root *root);
struct vm_area_struct *vma_interval_tree_iter_first(struct rb_root *root,
                unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
struct vm_area_struct *vma_interval_tree_iter_next(struct vm_area_struct *node,
                unsigned long start, unsigned long last);

#define vma_interval_tree_foreach(vma, root, start, last)       \
    for (vma = vma_interval_tree_iter_first(root, start, last); \
         vma; vma = vma_interval_tree_iter_next(vma, start, last))

static inline void vma_nonlinear_insert(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                    struct list_head *list)
{
    list_add_tail(&vma->shared.nonlinear, list);
}

void anon_vma_interval_tree_insert(struct anon_vma_chain *node,
                   struct rb_root *root);
void anon_vma_interval_tree_remove(struct anon_vma_chain *node,
                   struct rb_root *root);
struct anon_vma_chain *anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first(
    struct rb_root *root, unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
struct anon_vma_chain *anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_next(
    struct anon_vma_chain *node, unsigned long start, unsigned long last);
#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_VM_RB
void anon_vma_interval_tree_verify(struct anon_vma_chain *node);
#endif

#define anon_vma_interval_tree_foreach(avc, root, start, last)       \
    for (avc = anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_first(root, start, last); \
         avc; avc = anon_vma_interval_tree_iter_next(avc, start, last))

/* mmap.c */
extern int __vm_enough_memory(struct mm_struct *mm, long pages, int cap_sys_admin);
extern int vma_adjust(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long start,
    unsigned long end, pgoff_t pgoff, struct vm_area_struct *insert);
extern struct vm_area_struct *vma_merge(struct mm_struct *,
    struct vm_area_struct *prev, unsigned long addr, unsigned long end,
    unsigned long vm_flags, struct anon_vma *, struct file *, pgoff_t,
    struct mempolicy *);
extern struct anon_vma *find_mergeable_anon_vma(struct vm_area_struct *);
extern int split_vma(struct mm_struct *,
    struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr, int new_below);
extern int insert_vm_struct(struct mm_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *);
extern void __vma_link_rb(struct mm_struct *, struct vm_area_struct *,
    struct rb_node **, struct rb_node *);
extern void unlink_file_vma(struct vm_area_struct *);
extern struct vm_area_struct *copy_vma(struct vm_area_struct **,
    unsigned long addr, unsigned long len, pgoff_t pgoff,
    bool *need_rmap_locks);
extern void exit_mmap(struct mm_struct *);

extern int mm_take_all_locks(struct mm_struct *mm);
extern void mm_drop_all_locks(struct mm_struct *mm);

extern void set_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm, struct file *new_exe_file);
extern struct file *get_mm_exe_file(struct mm_struct *mm);

extern int may_expand_vm(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long npages);
extern int install_special_mapping(struct mm_struct *mm,
                   unsigned long addr, unsigned long len,
                   unsigned long flags, struct page **pages);

extern unsigned long get_unmapped_area(struct file *, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long, unsigned long);

extern unsigned long mmap_region(struct file *file, unsigned long addr,
    unsigned long len, unsigned long flags,
    vm_flags_t vm_flags, unsigned long pgoff);
extern unsigned long do_mmap_pgoff(struct file *, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long);
extern int do_munmap(struct mm_struct *, unsigned long, size_t);

/* These take the mm semaphore themselves */
extern unsigned long vm_brk(unsigned long, unsigned long);
extern int vm_munmap(unsigned long, size_t);
extern unsigned long vm_mmap(struct file *, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long,
        unsigned long, unsigned long);

/* truncate.c */
extern void truncate_inode_pages(struct address_space *, loff_t);
extern void truncate_inode_pages_range(struct address_space *,
                       loff_t lstart, loff_t lend);

/* generic vm_area_ops exported for stackable file systems */
extern int filemap_fault(struct vm_area_struct *, struct vm_fault *);
extern int filemap_page_mkwrite(struct vm_area_struct *vma, struct vm_fault *vmf);

/* mm/page-writeback.c */
int write_one_page(struct page *page, int wait);
void task_dirty_inc(struct task_struct *tsk);

/* readahead.c */
#define VM_MAX_READAHEAD    128 /* kbytes */
#define VM_MIN_READAHEAD    16  /* kbytes (includes current page) */

int force_page_cache_readahead(struct address_space *mapping, struct file *filp,
            pgoff_t offset, unsigned long nr_to_read);

void page_cache_sync_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
                   struct file_ra_state *ra,
                   struct file *filp,
                   pgoff_t offset,
                   unsigned long size);

void page_cache_async_readahead(struct address_space *mapping,
                struct file_ra_state *ra,
                struct file *filp,
                struct page *pg,
                pgoff_t offset,
                unsigned long size);

unsigned long max_sane_readahead(unsigned long nr);
unsigned long ra_submit(struct file_ra_state *ra,
            struct address_space *mapping,
            struct file *filp);

/* Generic expand stack which grows the stack according to GROWS{UP,DOWN} */
extern int expand_stack(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address);

/* CONFIG_STACK_GROWSUP still needs to to grow downwards at some places */
extern int expand_downwards(struct vm_area_struct *vma,
        unsigned long address);
#if VM_GROWSUP
extern int expand_upwards(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long address);
#else
  #define expand_upwards(vma, address) do { } while (0)
#endif

/* Look up the first VMA which satisfies  addr < vm_end,  NULL if none. */
extern struct vm_area_struct * find_vma(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long addr);
extern struct vm_area_struct * find_vma_prev(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long addr,
                         struct vm_area_struct **pprev);

/* Look up the first VMA which intersects the interval start_addr..end_addr-1,
   NULL if none.  Assume start_addr < end_addr. */
static inline struct vm_area_struct * find_vma_intersection(struct mm_struct * mm, unsigned long start_addr, unsigned long end_addr)
{
    struct vm_area_struct * vma = find_vma(mm,start_addr);

    if (vma && end_addr <= vma->vm_start)
        vma = NULL;
    return vma;
}

static inline unsigned long vma_pages(struct vm_area_struct *vma)
{
    return (vma->vm_end - vma->vm_start) >> PAGE_SHIFT;
}

/* Look up the first VMA which exactly match the interval vm_start ... vm_end */
static inline struct vm_area_struct *find_exact_vma(struct mm_struct *mm,
                unsigned long vm_start, unsigned long vm_end)
{
    struct vm_area_struct *vma = find_vma(mm, vm_start);

    if (vma && (vma->vm_start != vm_start || vma->vm_end != vm_end))
        vma = NULL;

    return vma;
}

#ifdef CONFIG_MMU
pgprot_t vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags);
#else
static inline pgprot_t vm_get_page_prot(unsigned long vm_flags)
{
    return __pgprot(0);
}
#endif

struct vm_area_struct *find_extend_vma(struct mm_struct *, unsigned long addr);
int remap_pfn_range(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr,
            unsigned long pfn, unsigned long size, pgprot_t);
int vm_insert_page(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long addr, struct page *);
int vm_insert_pfn(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
            unsigned long pfn);
int vm_insert_mixed(struct vm_area_struct *vma, unsigned long addr,
            unsigned long pfn);

struct page *follow_page(struct vm_area_struct *, unsigned long address,
            unsigned int foll_flags);
#define FOLL_WRITE  0x01    /* check pte is writable */
#define FOLL_TOUCH  0x02    /* mark page accessed */
#define FOLL_GET    0x04    /* do get_page on page */
#define FOLL_DUMP   0x08    /* give error on hole if it would be zero */
#define FOLL_FORCE  0x10    /* get_user_pages read/write w/o permission */
#define FOLL_NOWAIT 0x20    /* if a disk transfer is needed, start the IO
                 * and return without waiting upon it */
#define FOLL_MLOCK  0x40    /* mark page as mlocked */
#define FOLL_SPLIT  0x80    /* don't return transhuge pages, split them */
#define FOLL_HWPOISON   0x100   /* check page is hwpoisoned */

typedef int (*pte_fn_t)(pte_t *pte, pgtable_t token, unsigned long addr,
            void *data);
extern int apply_to_page_range(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long address,
                   unsigned long size, pte_fn_t fn, void *data);

#ifdef CONFIG_PROC_FS
void vm_stat_account(struct mm_struct *, unsigned long, struct file *, long);
#else
static inline void vm_stat_account(struct mm_struct *mm,
            unsigned long flags, struct file *file, long pages)
{
    mm->total_vm += pages;
}
#endif /* CONFIG_PROC_FS */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
extern void kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable);
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
extern bool kernel_page_present(struct page *page);
#endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
#else
static inline void
kernel_map_pages(struct page *page, int numpages, int enable) {}
#ifdef CONFIG_HIBERNATION
static inline bool kernel_page_present(struct page *page) { return true; }
#endif /* CONFIG_HIBERNATION */
#endif

extern struct vm_area_struct *get_gate_vma(struct mm_struct *mm);
#ifdef  __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA
int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr);
int in_gate_area(struct mm_struct *mm, unsigned long addr);
#else
int in_gate_area_no_mm(unsigned long addr);
#define in_gate_area(mm, addr) ({(void)mm; in_gate_area_no_mm(addr);})
#endif  /* __HAVE_ARCH_GATE_AREA */

int drop_caches_sysctl_handler(struct ctl_table *, int,
                    void __user *, size_t *, loff_t *);
unsigned long shrink_slab(struct shrink_control *shrink,
              unsigned long nr_pages_scanned,
              unsigned long lru_pages);

#ifndef CONFIG_MMU
#define randomize_va_space 0
#else
extern int randomize_va_space;
#endif

const char * arch_vma_name(struct vm_area_struct *vma);
void print_vma_addr(char *prefix, unsigned long rip);

void sparse_mem_maps_populate_node(struct page **map_map,
                   unsigned long pnum_begin,
                   unsigned long pnum_end,
                   unsigned long map_count,
                   int nodeid);

struct page *sparse_mem_map_populate(unsigned long pnum, int nid);
pgd_t *vmemmap_pgd_populate(unsigned long addr, int node);
pud_t *vmemmap_pud_populate(pgd_t *pgd, unsigned long addr, int node);
pmd_t *vmemmap_pmd_populate(pud_t *pud, unsigned long addr, int node);
pte_t *vmemmap_pte_populate(pmd_t *pmd, unsigned long addr, int node);
void *vmemmap_alloc_block(unsigned long size, int node);
void *vmemmap_alloc_block_buf(unsigned long size, int node);
void vmemmap_verify(pte_t *, int, unsigned long, unsigned long);
int vmemmap_populate_basepages(struct page *start_page,
                        unsigned long pages, int node);
int vmemmap_populate(struct page *start_page, unsigned long pages, int node);
void vmemmap_populate_print_last(void);


enum mf_flags {
    MF_COUNT_INCREASED = 1 << 0,
    MF_ACTION_REQUIRED = 1 << 1,
    MF_MUST_KILL = 1 << 2,
};
extern int memory_failure(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags);
extern void memory_failure_queue(unsigned long pfn, int trapno, int flags);
extern int unpoison_memory(unsigned long pfn);
extern int sysctl_memory_failure_early_kill;
extern int sysctl_memory_failure_recovery;
extern void shake_page(struct page *p, int access);
extern atomic_long_t mce_bad_pages;
extern int soft_offline_page(struct page *page, int flags);

extern void dump_page(struct page *page);

#if defined(CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE) || defined(CONFIG_HUGETLBFS)
extern void clear_huge_page(struct page *page,
                unsigned long addr,
                unsigned int pages_per_huge_page);
extern void copy_user_huge_page(struct page *dst, struct page *src,
                unsigned long addr, struct vm_area_struct *vma,
                unsigned int pages_per_huge_page);
#endif /* CONFIG_TRANSPARENT_HUGEPAGE || CONFIG_HUGETLBFS */

#ifdef CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC
extern unsigned int _debug_guardpage_minorder;

static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void)
{
    return _debug_guardpage_minorder;
}

static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page)
{
    return test_bit(PAGE_DEBUG_FLAG_GUARD, &page->debug_flags);
}
#else
static inline unsigned int debug_guardpage_minorder(void) { return 0; }
static inline bool page_is_guard(struct page *page) { return false; }
#endif /* CONFIG_DEBUG_PAGEALLOC */

#endif /* __KERNEL__ */
#endif /* _LINUX_MM_H */