clock.c

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/*
 * sched_clock for unstable cpu clocks
 *
 *  Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc., Peter Zijlstra <[email protected]>
 *
 *  Updates and enhancements:
 *    Copyright (C) 2008 Red Hat, Inc. Steven Rostedt <[email protected]>
 *
 * Based on code by:
 *   Ingo Molnar <[email protected]>
 *   Guillaume Chazarain <[email protected]>
 *
 *
 * What:
 *
 * cpu_clock(i) provides a fast (execution time) high resolution
 * clock with bounded drift between CPUs. The value of cpu_clock(i)
 * is monotonic for constant i. The timestamp returned is in nanoseconds.
 *
 * ######################### BIG FAT WARNING ##########################
 * # when comparing cpu_clock(i) to cpu_clock(j) for i != j, time can #
 * # go backwards !!                                                  #
 * ####################################################################
 *
 * There is no strict promise about the base, although it tends to start
 * at 0 on boot (but people really shouldn't rely on that).
 *
 * cpu_clock(i)       -- can be used from any context, including NMI.
 * sched_clock_cpu(i) -- must be used with local IRQs disabled (implied by NMI)
 * local_clock()      -- is cpu_clock() on the current cpu.
 *
 * How:
 *
 * The implementation either uses sched_clock() when
 * !CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK, which means in that case the
 * sched_clock() is assumed to provide these properties (mostly it means
 * the architecture provides a globally synchronized highres time source).
 *
 * Otherwise it tries to create a semi stable clock from a mixture of other
 * clocks, including:
 *
 *  - GTOD (clock monotomic)
 *  - sched_clock()
 *  - explicit idle events
 *
 * We use GTOD as base and use sched_clock() deltas to improve resolution. The
 * deltas are filtered to provide monotonicity and keeping it within an
 * expected window.
 *
 * Furthermore, explicit sleep and wakeup hooks allow us to account for time
 * that is otherwise invisible (TSC gets stopped).
 *
 *
 * Notes:
 *
 * The !IRQ-safetly of sched_clock() and sched_clock_cpu() comes from things
 * like cpufreq interrupts that can change the base clock (TSC) multiplier
 * and cause funny jumps in time -- although the filtering provided by
 * sched_clock_cpu() should mitigate serious artifacts we cannot rely on it
 * in general since for !CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK we fully rely on
 * sched_clock().
 */
#include <linux/spinlock.h>
#include <linux/hardirq.h>
#include <linux/export.h>
#include <linux/percpu.h>
#include <linux/ktime.h>
#include <linux/sched.h>

/*
 * Scheduler clock - returns current time in nanosec units.
 * This is default implementation.
 * Architectures and sub-architectures can override this.
 */
unsigned long long __attribute__((weak)) sched_clock(void)
{
    return (unsigned long long)(jiffies - INITIAL_JIFFIES)
                    * (NSEC_PER_SEC / HZ);
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sched_clock);

__read_mostly int sched_clock_running;

#ifdef CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK
__read_mostly int sched_clock_stable;

struct sched_clock_data {
    u64         tick_raw;
    u64         tick_gtod;
    u64         clock;
};

static DEFINE_PER_CPU_SHARED_ALIGNED(struct sched_clock_data, sched_clock_data);

static inline struct sched_clock_data *this_scd(void)
{
    return &__get_cpu_var(sched_clock_data);
}

static inline struct sched_clock_data *cpu_sdc(int cpu)
{
    return &per_cpu(sched_clock_data, cpu);
}

void sched_clock_init(void)
{
    u64 ktime_now = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get());
    int cpu;

    for_each_possible_cpu(cpu) {
        struct sched_clock_data *scd = cpu_sdc(cpu);

        scd->tick_raw = 0;
        scd->tick_gtod = ktime_now;
        scd->clock = ktime_now;
    }

    sched_clock_running = 1;
}

/*
 * min, max except they take wrapping into account
 */

static inline u64 wrap_min(u64 x, u64 y)
{
    return (s64)(x - y) < 0 ? x : y;
}

static inline u64 wrap_max(u64 x, u64 y)
{
    return (s64)(x - y) > 0 ? x : y;
}

/*
 * update the percpu scd from the raw @now value
 *
 *  - filter out backward motion
 *  - use the GTOD tick value to create a window to filter crazy TSC values
 */
static u64 sched_clock_local(struct sched_clock_data *scd)
{
    u64 now, clock, old_clock, min_clock, max_clock;
    s64 delta;

again:
    now = sched_clock();
    delta = now - scd->tick_raw;
    if (unlikely(delta < 0))
        delta = 0;

    old_clock = scd->clock;

    /*
     * scd->clock = clamp(scd->tick_gtod + delta,
     *            max(scd->tick_gtod, scd->clock),
     *            scd->tick_gtod + TICK_NSEC);
     */

    clock = scd->tick_gtod + delta;
    min_clock = wrap_max(scd->tick_gtod, old_clock);
    max_clock = wrap_max(old_clock, scd->tick_gtod + TICK_NSEC);

    clock = wrap_max(clock, min_clock);
    clock = wrap_min(clock, max_clock);

    if (cmpxchg64(&scd->clock, old_clock, clock) != old_clock)
        goto again;

    return clock;
}

static u64 sched_clock_remote(struct sched_clock_data *scd)
{
    struct sched_clock_data *my_scd = this_scd();
    u64 this_clock, remote_clock;
    u64 *ptr, old_val, val;

    sched_clock_local(my_scd);
again:
    this_clock = my_scd->clock;
    remote_clock = scd->clock;

    /*
     * Use the opportunity that we have both locks
     * taken to couple the two clocks: we take the
     * larger time as the latest time for both
     * runqueues. (this creates monotonic movement)
     */
    if (likely((s64)(remote_clock - this_clock) < 0)) {
        ptr = &scd->clock;
        old_val = remote_clock;
        val = this_clock;
    } else {
        /*
         * Should be rare, but possible:
         */
        ptr = &my_scd->clock;
        old_val = this_clock;
        val = remote_clock;
    }

    if (cmpxchg64(ptr, old_val, val) != old_val)
        goto again;

    return val;
}

/*
 * Similar to cpu_clock(), but requires local IRQs to be disabled.
 *
 * See cpu_clock().
 */
u64 sched_clock_cpu(int cpu)
{
    struct sched_clock_data *scd;
    u64 clock;

    WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());

    if (sched_clock_stable)
        return sched_clock();

    if (unlikely(!sched_clock_running))
        return 0ull;

    scd = cpu_sdc(cpu);

    if (cpu != smp_processor_id())
        clock = sched_clock_remote(scd);
    else
        clock = sched_clock_local(scd);

    return clock;
}

void sched_clock_tick(void)
{
    struct sched_clock_data *scd;
    u64 now, now_gtod;

    if (sched_clock_stable)
        return;

    if (unlikely(!sched_clock_running))
        return;

    WARN_ON_ONCE(!irqs_disabled());

    scd = this_scd();
    now_gtod = ktime_to_ns(ktime_get());
    now = sched_clock();

    scd->tick_raw = now;
    scd->tick_gtod = now_gtod;
    sched_clock_local(scd);
}

/*
 * We are going deep-idle (irqs are disabled):
 */
void sched_clock_idle_sleep_event(void)
{
    sched_clock_cpu(smp_processor_id());
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sched_clock_idle_sleep_event);

/*
 * We just idled delta nanoseconds (called with irqs disabled):
 */
void sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event(u64 delta_ns)
{
    if (timekeeping_suspended)
        return;

    sched_clock_tick();
    touch_softlockup_watchdog();
}
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(sched_clock_idle_wakeup_event);

/*
 * As outlined at the top, provides a fast, high resolution, nanosecond
 * time source that is monotonic per cpu argument and has bounded drift
 * between cpus.
 *
 * ######################### BIG FAT WARNING ##########################
 * # when comparing cpu_clock(i) to cpu_clock(j) for i != j, time can #
 * # go backwards !!                                                  #
 * ####################################################################
 */
u64 cpu_clock(int cpu)
{
    u64 clock;
    unsigned long flags;

    local_irq_save(flags);
    clock = sched_clock_cpu(cpu);
    local_irq_restore(flags);

    return clock;
}

/*
 * Similar to cpu_clock() for the current cpu. Time will only be observed
 * to be monotonic if care is taken to only compare timestampt taken on the
 * same CPU.
 *
 * See cpu_clock().
 */
u64 local_clock(void)
{
    u64 clock;
    unsigned long flags;

    local_irq_save(flags);
    clock = sched_clock_cpu(smp_processor_id());
    local_irq_restore(flags);

    return clock;
}

#else /* CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK */

void sched_clock_init(void)
{
    sched_clock_running = 1;
}

u64 sched_clock_cpu(int cpu)
{
    if (unlikely(!sched_clock_running))
        return 0;

    return sched_clock();
}

u64 cpu_clock(int cpu)
{
    return sched_clock_cpu(cpu);
}

u64 local_clock(void)
{
    return sched_clock_cpu(0);
}

#endif /* CONFIG_HAVE_UNSTABLE_SCHED_CLOCK */

EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(cpu_clock);
EXPORT_SYMBOL_GPL(local_clock);