JBI is a simple API to a Normalized Message Service and Router along with a component and management model for deploying integration services such as routing engines, BPEL engines, rule systems, scripting engines, transformation engines etc.

Here's an overview of a typical JBI enabled SOA from Sun

JBI provides a logical XML messaging network which maps well to HTTP, email and JMS/MOM while easily adapting to legacy systems, binary transports and RPC systems like EJB and CORBA. Think of it as the next logical abstraction above JMS, with support for different message exchanges (one way, request response etc).

The binding components deal with all the plumbing and protocol stuff, then service engine components work on a logical XML layer, providing content based routing, orchestration, rules, scripting, transformations and custom enrichment etc.

A JBI container can handle plugin JBI components; so for example components developed in the Celtix project will all hot deploy right inside ServiceMix.

Steve Vinoski has written a good overview

If you need more help, try these links