SQL - Filtering
The Where condition is shared among many SQL commands.
Syntax
[<item>] <operator> <item>
Items
And item can be:
| What | Description | Example | Available since |
|---|---|---|---|
| field | Document field | where price > 1000000 | 0.9.1 |
| field<indexes> | Document field part. To know more about field part look at the full syntax: Document_Field_Part | where tags[name='Hi'] or tags[0-3] IN ('Hello') and employees IS NOT NULL | 1.0rc5 |
| record attribute | Record attribute name with @ as prefix | where @class = 'Profile' | 0.9.21 |
| column | The number of the column. Useful in Column Database | where column(1) > 300 | 0.9.1 |
| any() | Represents any field of the Document. The condition is true if ANY of the fields matches the condition | where any() like 'L%' | 0.9.10 |
| all() | Represents all the fields of the Document. The condition is true if ALL the fields match the condition | where all() is null | 0.9.10 |
| functions | Any function between the defined ones | where distance(x, y, 52.20472, 0.14056 ) <= 30 | 0.9.25 |
| $variable | Context variable prefixed with $ | where $depth <= 3 | 1.2.0 |
Record attributes
| Name | Description | Example | Available since |
|---|---|---|---|
| @this | returns the record it self | select @this.toJSON() from Account | 0.9.25 |
| @rid | returns the RecordID in the form <cluster:position>. It's null for embedded records. NOTE: using @rid in where condition slow down queries. Much better to use the RecordID as target. Example: change this: select from Profile where @rid = #10:44 with this: select from #10:44 | @rid = #11:0 | 0.9.21 |
| @class | returns Class name only for record of type Schema Aware. It's null for the others | @class = 'Profile' | 0.9.21 |
| @version | returns the record version as integer. Version starts from 0. Can't be null | @version > 0 | 0.9.21 |
| @size | returns the record size in bytes | @size > 1024 | 0.9.21 |
| @fields | returns the number of fields in document | select @fields from V | - |
| @type | returns the record type between: 'document', 'column', 'flat', 'bytes' | @type = 'flat' | 0.9.21 |
Operators
Conditional Operators
| Apply to | Operator | Description | Example | Available since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| any | = | Equals to | name = 'Luke' | 0.9.1 |
| string | like | Similar to equals, but allow the wildcard '%' that means 'any' | name like 'Luk%' | 0.9.1 |
| any | < | Less than | age < 40 | 0.9.1 |
| any | <= | Less than or equal to | age <= 40 | 0.9.1 |
| any | > | Greater than | age > 40 | 0.9.1 |
| any | >= | Greater than or equal to | age >= 40 | 0.9.1 |
| any | <> | Not equals (same of !=) | age <> 40 | 0.9.1 |
| any | BETWEEN | The value is between a range. It's equivalent to <field> >= <from-value> AND <field> <= <to-value> | price BETWEEN 10 and 30 | 1.0rc2 |
| any | IS | Used to test if a value is NULL | children is null | 0.9.6 |
| record, string (as class name) | INSTANCEOF | Used to check if the record extends a class | @this instanceof 'Customer' or @class instanceof 'Provider' | 1.0rc8 |
| collection | IN | contains any of the elements listed | name in ['European','Asiatic'] | |
| collection | CONTAINS | true if the collection contains at least one element that satisfy the next condition. Condition can be a single item: in this case the behaviour is like the IN operator | children contains (name = 'Luke') - map.values() contains (name = 'Luke') | 0.9.7 |
| collection | CONTAINSALL | true if all the elements of the collection satisfy the next condition | children containsAll (name = 'Luke') | 0.9.7 |
| map | CONTAINSKEY | true if the map contains at least one key equals to the requested. You can also use map.keys() CONTAINS in place of it | connections containsKey 'Luke' | 0.9.22 |
| map | CONTAINSVALUE | true if the map contains at least one value equals to the requested. You can also use map.values() CONTAINS in place of it | connections containsValue 10:3 | 0.9.22 |
| string | CONTAINSTEXT | used with 89cd72a14eb5493801e99a43c5034685. Current limitation is that it must be the unique condition of a query. When used against an indexed field, a lookup in the index will be performed with the text specified as key. When there is no index a simple Java indexOf will be performed. So the result set could be different if you have an index or not on that field | text containsText 'jay' | 0.9.22 |
| string | MATCHES | Matches the string using a [http://www.regular-expressions.info/ Regular Expression] | text matches '\b[A-Z0-9.%+-]+@[A-Z0-9.-]+.[A-Z]{2,4}\b' | 0.9.6 |
| any | TRAVERSE[(<minDepth> [,<maxDepth> [,<fields>]] | This function was born before the SQL Traverse statement and today it's pretty limited. Look at Traversing graphs to know more about traversing in better ways. true if traversing the declared field(s) at the level from <minDepth> to <maxDepth> matches the condition. A minDepth = 0 means the root node, maxDepth = -1 means no limit: traverse all the graph recursively. If <minDepth> and <maxDepth> are not used, then (0, -1) will be taken. If <fields> is not passed, than any() will be used. |
select from profile where any() traverse(0,7,'followers,followings') ( address.city.name = 'Rome' ) | 0.9.10 and 0.9.24 for <fields> parameter |
Logical Operators
| Operator | Description | Example | Available since |
|---|---|---|---|
| AND | true if both the conditions are true | name = 'Luke' and surname like 'Sky%' | 0.9.1 |
| OR | true if at least one of the condition is true | name = 'Luke' or surname like 'Sky%' | 0.9.1 |
| NOT | true if the condition is false. NOT needs parenthesis on the right with the condition to negate | not ( name = 'Luke') | 1.2 |
Mathematics Operators
| Apply to | Operator | Description | Example | Available since |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Numbers | + | Plus | age + 34 | 1.0rc7 |
| Numbers | - | Minus | salary - 34 | 1.0rc7 |
| Numbers | * | Multiply | factor * 1.3 | 1.0rc7 |
| Numbers | / | Divide | total / 12 | 1.0rc7 |
| Numbers | % | Mod | total % 3 | 1.0rc7 |
Starting from v1.4 OrientDB supports the eval() function to execute complex operations. Example:
select eval( "amount * 120 / 100 - discount" ) as finalPrice from Order
Methods
Also called "Field Operators", are are treated on a separate page.
Functions
All the SQL functions are treated on a separate page.
Variables
OrientDB supports variables managed in the context of the command/query. By default some variables are created. Below the table with the available variables:
| Name | Description | Command(s) | Since |
|---|---|---|---|
| $parent | Get the parent context from a sub-query. Example: select from V let $type = ( traverse * from $parent.$current.children ) | SELECT and TRAVERSE | 1.2.0 |
| $root | Get the root context from a sub-query. Example: select from V let $type = ( traverse * from $root.$current.children ) | SELECT and TRAVERSE | 1.2.0 |
| $current | Current record to use in sub-queries to refer from the parent's variable | SELECT and TRAVERSE | 1.2.0 |
| $depth | The current depth of nesting | TRAVERSE | 1.1.0 |
| $path | The string representation of the current path. Example: #6:0.in.#5:0#.out. You can also display it with -> select $path from (traverse * from V) | TRAVERSE | 1.1.0 |
| $stack | The List of operation in the stack. Use it to access to the history of the traversal | TRAVERSE | 1.1.0 |
| $history | The set of all the records traversed as a Set<ORID> | TRAVERSE | 1.1.0 |
To set custom variable use the LET keyword.