$ oc autoscale dc/frontend --min 1 --max 10 --cpu-percent=80 deploymentconfig "frontend" autoscaled
A horizontal pod autoscaler, defined by a HorizontalPodAutoscaler object,
specifies how the system should automatically increase or decrease the scale of
a replication controller or deployment configuration, based on metrics collected
from the pods that belong to that replication controller or deployment
configuration.
In order to use horizontal pod autoscalers, your cluster administrator must have properly configured cluster metrics.
The following metrics are supported by horizontal pod autoscalers:
| Metric | Description |
|---|---|
CPU utilization |
Percentage of the requested CPU |
Memory utilization |
Percentage of the requested memory. |
You can create a horizontal pod autoscaler with the oc autoscale command and
specify the minimum and maximum number of pods you want to run, as well as the
CPU utilization your pods should target.
After a horizontal pod autoscaler is created, it begins attempting to query Heapster for metrics on the pods. It may take one to two minutes before Heapster obtains the initial metrics.
After metrics are available in Heapster, the horizontal pod autoscaler computes the ratio of the current metric utilization with the desired metric utilization, and scales up or down accordingly. The scaling will occur at a regular interval, but it may take one to two minutes before metrics make their way into Heapster.
For replication controllers, this scaling corresponds directly to the replicas
of the replication controller. For deployment configurations, scaling corresponds
directly to the replica count of the deployment configuration. Note that autoscaling
applies only to the latest deployment in the Complete phase.
OpenShift Origin automatically accounts for resources and prevents unnecessary autoscaling
during resource spikes, such as during start up. Pods in the unready state
have 0 CPU usage when scaling up and the autoscaler ignores the pods when scaling down.
Pods without known metrics have 0% CPU usage when scaling up and 100% CPU when scaling down.
This allows for more stability during the HPA decision. To use this feature, you must configure
readiness
checks to determine if a new pod is ready for use.
Use the oc autoscale command and specify at least the maximum number of pods
you want to run at any given time. You can optionally specify the minimum number
of pods and the average CPU utilization your pods should target, otherwise those
are given default values from the OpenShift Origin server.
For example:
$ oc autoscale dc/frontend --min 1 --max 10 --cpu-percent=80 deploymentconfig "frontend" autoscaled
The above example creates a horizontal pod autoscaler with the following definition when using version one of the horizontal pod autoscaler:
apiVersion: extensions/v1beta1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: frontend (1)
spec:
scaleRef:
kind: DeploymentConfig (2)
name: frontend (3)
apiVersion: v1 (4)
subresource: scale
minReplicas: 1 (5)
maxReplicas: 10 (6)
cpuUtilization:
targetPercentage: 80 (7)| 1 | The name of this horizontal pod autoscaler object |
| 2 | The kind of object to scale |
| 3 | The name of the object to scale |
| 4 | The API version of the object to scale |
| 5 | The minimum number of replicas to which to scale down |
| 6 | The maximum number of replicas to which to scale up |
| 7 | The percentage of the requested CPU that each pod should ideally be using |
Alternatively, the oc autoscale command creates a horizontal pod autoscaler
with the following definition when using version two of the horizontal pod
autoscaler:
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2alpha1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: hpa-resource-metrics-cpu (1)
spec:
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 (2)
kind: ReplicationController (3)
name: hello-hpa-cpu (4)
minReplicas: 1 (5)
maxReplicas: 10 (6)
metrics:
- type: Resource
resource:
name: cpu
targetAverageUtilization: 50 (7)| 1 | The name of this horizontal pod autoscaler object |
| 2 | The API version of the object to scale |
| 3 | The kind of object to scale |
| 4 | The name of the object to scale |
| 5 | The minimum number of replicas to which to scale down |
| 6 | The maximum number of replicas to which to scale up |
| 7 | The average percentage of the requested memory that each pod should be using |
Unlike CPU-based autoscaling, memory-based autoscaling requires specifying the
autoscaler using YAML instead of using the oc autoscale command. Optionally,
you can specify the minimum number of pods and the average memory utilization
your pods should target as well, otherwise those are given default values from
the OpenShift Origin server.
Memory-based autoscaling is only available with the v2alpha1 version of the
autoscaling API. Enable memory-based autoscaling by adding the following to your
cluster’s master-config.yaml file:
...
apiServerArguments:
runtime-config:
- apis/autoscaling/v2alpha1=true
...Place the following in a file, such as hpa.yaml:
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2alpha1
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: hpa-resource-metrics-memory (1)
spec:
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps/v1beta1 (2)
kind: ReplicationController (3)
name: hello-hpa-memory (4)
minReplicas: 1 (5)
maxReplicas: 10 (6)
metrics:
- type: Resource
resource:
name: memory
targetAverageUtilization: 50 (7)| 1 | The name of this horizontal pod autoscaler object |
| 2 | The API version of the object to scale |
| 3 | The kind of object to scale |
| 4 | The name of the object to scale |
| 5 | The minimum number of replicas to which to scale down |
| 6 | The maximum number of replicas to which to scale up |
| 7 | The average percentage of the requested memory that each pod should be using |
Then, create the autoscaler from the above file:
$ oc create -f hpa.yaml
To view the status of a horizontal pod autoscaler:
Use the oc get command to view information on the CPU utilization and pod limits:
$ oc get hpa/hpa-resource-metrics-cpu NAME REFERENCE TARGET CURRENT MINPODS MAXPODS AGE hpa-resource-metrics-cpu DeploymentConfig/default/frontend/scale 80% 79% 1 10 8d
The output includes the following:
Target. The targeted average CPU utilization across all pods controlled by the deployment configuration.
Current. The current CPU utilization across all pods controlled by the deployment configuration.
Minpods/Maxpods. The minimum and maximum number of replicas that can be set by the autoscaler.
Use the oc describe command for detailed information on the horizontal pod autoscaler object.
$ oc describe hpa/hpa-resource-metrics-cpu Name: hpa-resource-metrics-cpu Namespace: default Labels: <none> CreationTimestamp: Mon, 26 Oct 2015 21:13:47 -0400 Reference: DeploymentConfig/default/frontend/scale Target CPU utilization: 80% (1) Current CPU utilization: 79% (2) Min replicas: 1 (3) Max replicas: 4 (4) ReplicationController pods: 1 current / 1 desired Conditions: (4) Type Status Reason Message ---- ------ ------ ------- AbleToScale True ReadyForNewScale the last scale time was sufficiently old as to warrant a new scale ScalingActive True ValidMetricFound the HPA was able to successfully calculate a replica count from pods metric http_requests ScalingLimited False DesiredWithinRange the desired replica count is within the acceptable range Events:
| 1 | The average percentage of the requested memory that each pod should be using. |
| 2 | The current CPU utilization across all pods controlled by the deployment configuration. |
| 3 | The minimum number of replicas to scale down to. |
| 4 | The maximum number of replicas to scale up to. |
| 5 | If the object used the v2alpha1 API, status conditions are displayed. |
You can use the status conditions set to determine whether or not the horizontal pod autoscaler is able to scale and whether or not it is currently restricted in any way.
The following status conditions are set:
AbleToScale indicates whether the horizontal pod autoscaler is able to fetch and update scales, and
whether any backoff conditions are preventing scaling.
A True condition indicates scaling is allowed.
A False condition indicates scaling is not allowed for the reason specified.
ScalingActive indicates whether the horizontal pod autoscaler is enabled (the replica count of the target is not zero) and
is able to calculate desired scales.
A True condition indicates metrics is working properly.
A False condition generally indicates a problem with fetching metrics.
ScalingLimited indicates that autoscaling is not allowed because a maximum or minimum replica count was reached.
A True condition indicates that you need to raise or lower the minimum or maximum replica count in order to scale.
A False condition indicates that the requested scaling is allowed.
The horizontal pod autoscaler status conditions are only available with the v2alpha1 version of the
autoscaling API by adding the following to your cluster’s master-config.yaml file:
kubernetesMasterConfig:
...
apiServerArguments:
runtime-config:
- apis/autoscaling/v2alpha1=trueRestart the OpenShift Origin services:
# systemctl restart origin-master-api origin-master-controllers
To see the conditions affecting a horizontal pod autoscaler, use oc describe hpa. Conditions appear in the status.conditions field:
$ oc describe hpa cm-test Name: cm-test Namespace: prom Labels: <none> Annotations: <none> CreationTimestamp: Fri, 16 Jun 2017 18:09:22 +0000 Reference: ReplicationController/cm-test Metrics: ( current / target ) "http_requests" on pods: 66m / 500m Min replicas: 1 Max replicas: 4 ReplicationController pods: 1 current / 1 desired Conditions: (1) Type Status Reason Message ---- ------ ------ ------- AbleToScale True ReadyForNewScale the last scale time was sufficiently old as to warrant a new scale ScalingActive True ValidMetricFound the HPA was able to successfully calculate a replica count from pods metric http_requests ScalingLimited False DesiredWithinRange the desired replica count is within the acceptable range Events:
| 1 | The horizontal pod autoscaler status messages. |
The following is an example of a pod that is unable to scale:
Conditions: Type Status Reason Message ---- ------ ------ ------- AbleToScale False FailedGetScale the HPA controller was unable to get the target's current scale: replicationcontrollers/scale.extensions "hello-hpa-cpu" not found
The following is an example of a pod that could not obtain the needed metrics for scaling:
Conditions: Type Status Reason Message ---- ------ ------ ------- AbleToScale True SucceededGetScale the HPA controller was able to get the target's current scale ScalingActive False FailedGetResourceMetric the HPA was unable to compute the replica count: unable to get metrics for resource cpu: no metrics returned from heapster
The following is an example of a pod where the requested autoscaling was less than the required minimums:
Conditions: Type Status Reason Message ---- ------ ------ ------- AbleToScale True ReadyForNewScale the last scale time was sufficiently old as to warrant a new scale ScalingActive True ValidMetricFound the HPA was able to successfully calculate a replica count from cpu resource utilization (percentage of request) ScalingLimited True TooFewReplicas the desired replica count was less than the minimum replica count