The Compute service uses dnsmasq as the
DHCP server when running with either that Flat DHCP Network Manager or the VLAN Network
Manager. The nova-network
service is
responsible for starting up dnsmasq
processes.
The behavior of dnsmasq
can be customized by creating a
dnsmasq
configuration file. Specify the configuration file
using the dnsmasq_config_file
configuration option. For
example:
dnsmasq_config_file=/etc/dnsmasq-nova.conf
For an example of how to change the behavior of dnsmasq
using a dnsmasq
configuration file, see the OpenStack Configuration Reference.
The dnsmasq
documentation also has a more comprehensive dnsmasq
configuration file example.
dnsmasq
also acts as a caching DNS server for instances.
You can explicitly specify the DNS server that dnsmasq
should
use by setting the dns_server
configuration option in
/etc/nova/nova.conf
. The following example would configure
dnsmasq
to use Google's public DNS server:
dns_server=8.8.8.8
Logging output for dnsmasq
goes to the
syslog
(typically /var/log/syslog
or
/var/log/messages
, depending on Linux distribution).
dnsmasq
logging output can be useful for troubleshooting if
VM instances boot successfully but are not reachable over the network.
A network administrator can run nova-manage
fixed reserve
--address=
to specify the starting point IP address (x.x.x.x) to
reserve with the DHCP server. This reservation only
affects which IP address the VMs start at, not the
fixed IP addresses that the x.x.x.x
nova-network
service
places on the bridges.