gausslemma2d - Metamath Proof Explorer

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Theorem gausslemma2d 25099

Description: Gauss' Lemma (see also theorem 9.6 in [ApostolNT] p. 182) for integer 2: Let p be an odd prime. Let S={2,4,6,...,(p-1)}. Let n denote the number of elements of S whose least positive residue modulo p is greater than p/2. Then ( 2 | p ) = (-1)^n. (Contributed by AV, 14-Jul-2021.)

**Hypotheses**
Ref	Expression
gausslemma2d.p	⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}))
gausslemma2d.h	⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2)
gausslemma2d.r	⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑥 ∈ (1...𝐻) ↦ if((𝑥 · 2) < (𝑃 / 2), (𝑥 · 2), (𝑃 − (𝑥 · 2))))
gausslemma2d.m	⊢ 𝑀 = (⌊‘(𝑃 / 4))
gausslemma2d.n	⊢ 𝑁 = (𝐻 − 𝑀)

**Assertion**
Ref	Expression
gausslemma2d	⊢ (𝜑 → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁))

Distinct variable groups: 𝑥,𝐻 𝑥,𝑃 𝜑,𝑥 𝑥,𝑀 Allowed substitution hints: 𝑅(𝑥) 𝑁(𝑥)

**Proof of Theorem gausslemma2d**
Step	Hyp	Ref	Expression
1		gausslemma2d.p	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}))
2		gausslemma2d.h	. . 3 ⊢ 𝐻 = ((𝑃 − 1) / 2)
3		gausslemma2d.r	. . 3 ⊢ 𝑅 = (𝑥 ∈ (1...𝐻) ↦ if((𝑥 · 2) < (𝑃 / 2), (𝑥 · 2), (𝑃 − (𝑥 · 2))))
4		gausslemma2d.m	. . 3 ⊢ 𝑀 = (⌊‘(𝑃 / 4))
5		gausslemma2d.n	. . 3 ⊢ 𝑁 = (𝐻 − 𝑀)
6	1, 2, 3, 4, 5	gausslemma2dlem7 25098	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = 1)
7		eldifi 3732	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2}) → 𝑃 ∈ ℙ)
8		prmnn 15388	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈ ℕ)
9	8	nnred 11035	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 𝑃 ∈ ℝ)
10		prmgt1 15409	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → 1 < 𝑃)
11	9, 10	jca 554	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑃 ∈ ℙ → (𝑃 ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 < 𝑃))
12	1, 7, 11	3syl 18	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑃 ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 < 𝑃))
13		1mod 12702	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝑃 ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 < 𝑃) → (1 mod 𝑃) = 1)
14	12, 13	syl 17	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 mod 𝑃) = 1)
15	14	eqcomd 2628	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 = (1 mod 𝑃))
16	15	eqeq2d 2632	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = 1 ↔ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)))
17		neg1z 11413	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℤ
18	1, 4, 2, 5	gausslemma2dlem0h 25088	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℕ₀)
19		zexpcl 12875	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ ((-1 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑁 ∈ ℕ₀) → (-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
20	17, 18, 19	sylancr 695	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → (-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℤ)
21		2nn 11185	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℕ
22	21	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝜑 → 2 ∈ ℕ)
23	1, 2	gausslemma2dlem0b 25082	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ ℕ)
24	23	nnnn0d 11351	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝐻 ∈ ℕ₀)
25	22, 24	nnexpcld 13030	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝜑 → (2↑𝐻) ∈ ℕ)
26	25	nnzd 11481	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → (2↑𝐻) ∈ ℤ)
27	20, 26	zmulcld 11488	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) ∈ ℤ)
28	27	zred 11482	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) ∈ ℝ)
29		1red 10055	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → 1 ∈ ℝ)
30	28, 29	jca 554	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 ∈ ℝ))
31	30	adantr 481	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)) → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 ∈ ℝ))
32	1	gausslemma2dlem0a 25081	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ ℕ)
33	32	nnrpd 11870	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑃 ∈ ℝ⁺)
34	20, 33	jca 554	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℝ⁺))
35	34	adantr 481	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)) → ((-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℝ⁺))
36		simpr 477	. . . . . 6 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)) → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃))
37		modmul1 12723	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) ∈ ℝ ∧ 1 ∈ ℝ) ∧ ((-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ ℝ⁺) ∧ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)) → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃))
38	31, 35, 36, 37	syl3anc 1326	. . . . 5 ⊢ ((𝜑 ∧ (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃)) → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃))
39	38	ex 450	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃) → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃)))
40	20	zcnd 11483	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → (-1↑𝑁) ∈ ℂ)
41	25	nncnd 11036	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → (2↑𝐻) ∈ ℂ)
42	40, 41, 40	mul32d 10246	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) = (((-1↑𝑁) · (-1↑𝑁)) · (2↑𝐻)))
43	18	nn0cnd 11353	. . . . . . . . . . . . 13 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℂ)
44	43	2timesd 11275	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ (𝜑 → (2 · 𝑁) = (𝑁 + 𝑁))
45	44	eqcomd 2628	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝜑 → (𝑁 + 𝑁) = (2 · 𝑁))
46	45	oveq2d 6666	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → (-1↑(𝑁 + 𝑁)) = (-1↑(2 · 𝑁)))
47		neg1cn 11124	. . . . . . . . . . . 12 ⊢ -1 ∈ ℂ
48	47	a1i 11	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝜑 → -1 ∈ ℂ)
49	48, 18, 18	expaddd 13010	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → (-1↑(𝑁 + 𝑁)) = ((-1↑𝑁) · (-1↑𝑁)))
50	18	nn0zd 11480	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝜑 → 𝑁 ∈ ℤ)
51		m1expeven 12907	. . . . . . . . . . 11 ⊢ (𝑁 ∈ ℤ → (-1↑(2 · 𝑁)) = 1)
52	50, 51	syl 17	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ (𝜑 → (-1↑(2 · 𝑁)) = 1)
53	46, 49, 52	3eqtr3d 2664	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((-1↑𝑁) · (-1↑𝑁)) = 1)
54	53	oveq1d 6665	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((-1↑𝑁) · (-1↑𝑁)) · (2↑𝐻)) = (1 · (2↑𝐻)))
55	41	mulid2d 10058	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 · (2↑𝐻)) = (2↑𝐻))
56	42, 54, 55	3eqtrd 2660	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) = (2↑𝐻))
57	56	oveq1d 6665	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((2↑𝐻) mod 𝑃))
58	40	mulid2d 10058	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → (1 · (-1↑𝑁)) = (-1↑𝑁))
59	58	oveq1d 6665	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃))
60	57, 59	eqeq12d 2637	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) ↔ ((2↑𝐻) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃)))
61	2	oveq2i 6661	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (2↑𝐻) = (2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2))
62	61	oveq1i 6660	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ ((2↑𝐻) mod 𝑃) = ((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃)
63	62	eqeq1i 2627	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (((2↑𝐻) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃) ↔ ((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃))
64		2z 11409	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ 2 ∈ ℤ
65		lgsvalmod 25041	. . . . . . . . . 10 ⊢ ((2 ∈ ℤ ∧ 𝑃 ∈ (ℙ ∖ {2})) → ((2 /_L 𝑃) mod 𝑃) = ((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃))
66	64, 1, 65	sylancr 695	. . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((2 /_L 𝑃) mod 𝑃) = ((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃))
67	66	eqcomd 2628	. . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃) = ((2 /_L 𝑃) mod 𝑃))
68	67	eqeq1d 2624	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃) ↔ ((2 /_L 𝑃) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃)))
69	1, 4, 2, 5	gausslemma2dlem0i 25089	. . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((2 /_L 𝑃) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃) → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
70	68, 69	sylbid 230	. . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((2↑((𝑃 − 1) / 2)) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃) → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
71	63, 70	syl5bi 232	. . . . 5 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((2↑𝐻) mod 𝑃) = ((-1↑𝑁) mod 𝑃) → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
72	60, 71	sylbid 230	. . . 4 ⊢ (𝜑 → (((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) = ((1 · (-1↑𝑁)) mod 𝑃) → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
73	39, 72	syld 47	. . 3 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = (1 mod 𝑃) → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
74	16, 73	sylbid 230	. 2 ⊢ (𝜑 → ((((-1↑𝑁) · (2↑𝐻)) mod 𝑃) = 1 → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁)))
75	6, 74	mpd 15	1 ⊢ (𝜑 → (2 /_L 𝑃) = (-1↑𝑁))

Colors of variables: wff setvar class

Syntax hints: → wi 4 ∧ wa 384 = wceq 1483 ∈ wcel 1990 ∖ cdif 3571 ifcif 4086 {csn 4177 class class class wbr 4653 ↦ cmpt 4729 ‘cfv 5888 (class class class)co 6650 ℂcc 9934 ℝcr 9935 1c1 9937 + caddc 9939 · cmul 9941 < clt 10074 − cmin 10266 -cneg 10267 / cdiv 10684 ℕcn 11020 2c2 11070 4c4 11072 ℕ₀cn0 11292 ℤcz 11377 ℝ⁺crp 11832 ...cfz 12326 ⌊cfl 12591 mod cmo 12668 ↑cexp 12860 ℙcprime 15385 /_L clgs 25019

This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1722 ax-4 1737 ax-5 1839 ax-6 1888 ax-7 1935 ax-8 1992 ax-9 1999 ax-10 2019 ax-11 2034 ax-12 2047 ax-13 2246 ax-ext 2602 ax-rep 4771 ax-sep 4781 ax-nul 4789 ax-pow 4843 ax-pr 4906 ax-un 6949 ax-inf2 8538 ax-cnex 9992 ax-resscn 9993 ax-1cn 9994 ax-icn 9995 ax-addcl 9996 ax-addrcl 9997 ax-mulcl 9998 ax-mulrcl 9999 ax-mulcom 10000 ax-addass 10001 ax-mulass 10002 ax-distr 10003 ax-i2m1 10004 ax-1ne0 10005 ax-1rid 10006 ax-rnegex 10007 ax-rrecex 10008 ax-cnre 10009 ax-pre-lttri 10010 ax-pre-lttrn 10011 ax-pre-ltadd 10012 ax-pre-mulgt0 10013 ax-pre-sup 10014

This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 197 df-or 385 df-an 386 df-3or 1038 df-3an 1039 df-tru 1486 df-fal 1489 df-ex 1705 df-nf 1710 df-sb 1881 df-eu 2474 df-mo 2475 df-clab 2609 df-cleq 2615 df-clel 2618 df-nfc 2753 df-ne 2795 df-nel 2898 df-ral 2917 df-rex 2918 df-reu 2919 df-rmo 2920 df-rab 2921 df-v 3202 df-sbc 3436 df-csb 3534 df-dif 3577 df-un 3579 df-in 3581 df-ss 3588 df-pss 3590 df-nul 3916 df-if 4087 df-pw 4160 df-sn 4178 df-pr 4180 df-tp 4182 df-op 4184 df-uni 4437 df-int 4476 df-iun 4522 df-br 4654 df-opab 4713 df-mpt 4730 df-tr 4753 df-id 5024 df-eprel 5029 df-po 5035 df-so 5036 df-fr 5073 df-se 5074 df-we 5075 df-xp 5120 df-rel 5121 df-cnv 5122 df-co 5123 df-dm 5124 df-rn 5125 df-res 5126 df-ima 5127 df-pred 5680 df-ord 5726 df-on 5727 df-lim 5728 df-suc 5729 df-iota 5851 df-fun 5890 df-fn 5891 df-f 5892 df-f1 5893 df-fo 5894 df-f1o 5895 df-fv 5896 df-isom 5897 df-riota 6611 df-ov 6653 df-oprab 6654 df-mpt2 6655 df-om 7066 df-1st 7168 df-2nd 7169 df-wrecs 7407 df-recs 7468 df-rdg 7506 df-1o 7560 df-2o 7561 df-oadd 7564 df-er 7742 df-map 7859 df-en 7956 df-dom 7957 df-sdom 7958 df-fin 7959 df-sup 8348 df-inf 8349 df-oi 8415 df-card 8765 df-cda 8990 df-pnf 10076 df-mnf 10077 df-xr 10078 df-ltxr 10079 df-le 10080 df-sub 10268 df-neg 10269 df-div 10685 df-nn 11021 df-2 11079 df-3 11080 df-4 11081 df-5 11082 df-6 11083 df-n0 11293 df-xnn0 11364 df-z 11378 df-uz 11688 df-q 11789 df-rp 11833 df-ioo 12179 df-fz 12327 df-fzo 12466 df-fl 12593 df-mod 12669 df-seq 12802 df-exp 12861 df-fac 13061 df-hash 13118 df-cj 13839 df-re 13840 df-im 13841 df-sqrt 13975 df-abs 13976 df-clim 14219 df-prod 14636 df-dvds 14984 df-gcd 15217 df-prm 15386 df-phi 15471 df-pc 15542 df-lgs 25020

This theorem is referenced by: 2lgs 25132

W3C validator