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Mirrors > Home > MPE Home > Th. List > fta | Structured version Visualization version GIF version |
Description: The Fundamental Theorem of Algebra. Any polynomial with positive degree (i.e. non-constant) has a root. This is Metamath 100 proof #2. (Contributed by Mario Carneiro, 15-Sep-2014.) |
Ref | Expression |
---|---|
fta | ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Step | Hyp | Ref | Expression |
---|---|---|---|
1 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ (coeff‘𝐹) = (coeff‘𝐹) | |
2 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ (deg‘𝐹) = (deg‘𝐹) | |
3 | simpl 473 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
4 | simpr 477 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
5 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) = if(if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1) ≤ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)), if(1 ≤ 𝑠, 𝑠, 1)) | |
6 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) = ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) / ((abs‘((coeff‘𝐹)‘(deg‘𝐹))) / 2)) | |
7 | 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 | ftalem2 24800 | . . 3 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) |
8 | simpll 790 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
9 | simplr 792 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
10 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} = {𝑠 ∈ ℂ ∣ (abs‘𝑠) ≤ 𝑟} | |
11 | eqid 2622 | . . . 4 ⊢ (TopOpen‘ℂfld) = (TopOpen‘ℂfld) | |
12 | simprl 794 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → 𝑟 ∈ ℝ+) | |
13 | simprr 796 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)))) | |
14 | fveq2 6191 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘𝑦) = (abs‘𝑥)) | |
15 | 14 | breq2d 4665 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) ↔ 𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥))) |
16 | fveq2 6191 | . . . . . . . . 9 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (𝐹‘𝑦) = (𝐹‘𝑥)) | |
17 | 16 | fveq2d 6195 | . . . . . . . 8 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) = (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
18 | 17 | breq2d 4665 | . . . . . . 7 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦)) ↔ (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
19 | 15, 18 | imbi12d 334 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (𝑦 = 𝑥 → ((𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))))) |
20 | 19 | cbvralv 3171 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))) ↔ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
21 | 13, 20 | sylib 208 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑥) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
22 | 1, 2, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 21 | ftalem3 24801 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑟 ∈ ℝ+ ∧ ∀𝑦 ∈ ℂ (𝑟 < (abs‘𝑦) → (abs‘(𝐹‘0)) < (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑦))))) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
23 | 7, 22 | rexlimddv 3035 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
24 | simpll 790 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆)) | |
25 | simplr 792 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) | |
26 | simprl 794 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) | |
27 | simprr 796 | . . . . . 6 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0) | |
28 | 1, 2, 24, 25, 26, 27 | ftalem7 24805 | . . . . 5 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ (𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∧ (𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0)) → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥))) |
29 | 28 | expr 643 | . . . 4 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → ((𝐹‘𝑧) ≠ 0 → ¬ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)))) |
30 | 29 | necon4ad 2813 | . . 3 ⊢ (((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) ∧ 𝑧 ∈ ℂ) → (∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
31 | 30 | reximdva 3017 | . 2 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → (∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ ∀𝑥 ∈ ℂ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑧)) ≤ (abs‘(𝐹‘𝑥)) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0)) |
32 | 23, 31 | mpd 15 | 1 ⊢ ((𝐹 ∈ (Poly‘𝑆) ∧ (deg‘𝐹) ∈ ℕ) → ∃𝑧 ∈ ℂ (𝐹‘𝑧) = 0) |
Colors of variables: wff setvar class |
Syntax hints: ¬ wn 3 → wi 4 ∧ wa 384 = wceq 1483 ∈ wcel 1990 ≠ wne 2794 ∀wral 2912 ∃wrex 2913 {crab 2916 ifcif 4086 class class class wbr 4653 ‘cfv 5888 (class class class)co 6650 ℂcc 9934 0cc0 9936 1c1 9937 < clt 10074 ≤ cle 10075 / cdiv 10684 ℕcn 11020 2c2 11070 ℝ+crp 11832 abscabs 13974 TopOpenctopn 16082 ℂfldccnfld 19746 Polycply 23940 coeffccoe 23942 degcdgr 23943 |
This theorem was proved from axioms: ax-mp 5 ax-1 6 ax-2 7 ax-3 8 ax-gen 1722 ax-4 1737 ax-5 1839 ax-6 1888 ax-7 1935 ax-8 1992 ax-9 1999 ax-10 2019 ax-11 2034 ax-12 2047 ax-13 2246 ax-ext 2602 ax-rep 4771 ax-sep 4781 ax-nul 4789 ax-pow 4843 ax-pr 4906 ax-un 6949 ax-inf2 8538 ax-cnex 9992 ax-resscn 9993 ax-1cn 9994 ax-icn 9995 ax-addcl 9996 ax-addrcl 9997 ax-mulcl 9998 ax-mulrcl 9999 ax-mulcom 10000 ax-addass 10001 ax-mulass 10002 ax-distr 10003 ax-i2m1 10004 ax-1ne0 10005 ax-1rid 10006 ax-rnegex 10007 ax-rrecex 10008 ax-cnre 10009 ax-pre-lttri 10010 ax-pre-lttrn 10011 ax-pre-ltadd 10012 ax-pre-mulgt0 10013 ax-pre-sup 10014 ax-addf 10015 ax-mulf 10016 |
This theorem depends on definitions: df-bi 197 df-or 385 df-an 386 df-3or 1038 df-3an 1039 df-tru 1486 df-fal 1489 df-ex 1705 df-nf 1710 df-sb 1881 df-eu 2474 df-mo 2475 df-clab 2609 df-cleq 2615 df-clel 2618 df-nfc 2753 df-ne 2795 df-nel 2898 df-ral 2917 df-rex 2918 df-reu 2919 df-rmo 2920 df-rab 2921 df-v 3202 df-sbc 3436 df-csb 3534 df-dif 3577 df-un 3579 df-in 3581 df-ss 3588 df-pss 3590 df-nul 3916 df-if 4087 df-pw 4160 df-sn 4178 df-pr 4180 df-tp 4182 df-op 4184 df-uni 4437 df-int 4476 df-iun 4522 df-iin 4523 df-br 4654 df-opab 4713 df-mpt 4730 df-tr 4753 df-id 5024 df-eprel 5029 df-po 5035 df-so 5036 df-fr 5073 df-se 5074 df-we 5075 df-xp 5120 df-rel 5121 df-cnv 5122 df-co 5123 df-dm 5124 df-rn 5125 df-res 5126 df-ima 5127 df-pred 5680 df-ord 5726 df-on 5727 df-lim 5728 df-suc 5729 df-iota 5851 df-fun 5890 df-fn 5891 df-f 5892 df-f1 5893 df-fo 5894 df-f1o 5895 df-fv 5896 df-isom 5897 df-riota 6611 df-ov 6653 df-oprab 6654 df-mpt2 6655 df-of 6897 df-om 7066 df-1st 7168 df-2nd 7169 df-supp 7296 df-wrecs 7407 df-recs 7468 df-rdg 7506 df-1o 7560 df-2o 7561 df-oadd 7564 df-er 7742 df-map 7859 df-pm 7860 df-ixp 7909 df-en 7956 df-dom 7957 df-sdom 7958 df-fin 7959 df-fsupp 8276 df-fi 8317 df-sup 8348 df-inf 8349 df-oi 8415 df-card 8765 df-cda 8990 df-pnf 10076 df-mnf 10077 df-xr 10078 df-ltxr 10079 df-le 10080 df-sub 10268 df-neg 10269 df-div 10685 df-nn 11021 df-2 11079 df-3 11080 df-4 11081 df-5 11082 df-6 11083 df-7 11084 df-8 11085 df-9 11086 df-n0 11293 df-z 11378 df-dec 11494 df-uz 11688 df-q 11789 df-rp 11833 df-xneg 11946 df-xadd 11947 df-xmul 11948 df-ioo 12179 df-ioc 12180 df-ico 12181 df-icc 12182 df-fz 12327 df-fzo 12466 df-fl 12593 df-mod 12669 df-seq 12802 df-exp 12861 df-fac 13061 df-bc 13090 df-hash 13118 df-shft 13807 df-cj 13839 df-re 13840 df-im 13841 df-sqrt 13975 df-abs 13976 df-limsup 14202 df-clim 14219 df-rlim 14220 df-sum 14417 df-ef 14798 df-sin 14800 df-cos 14801 df-pi 14803 df-struct 15859 df-ndx 15860 df-slot 15861 df-base 15863 df-sets 15864 df-ress 15865 df-plusg 15954 df-mulr 15955 df-starv 15956 df-sca 15957 df-vsca 15958 df-ip 15959 df-tset 15960 df-ple 15961 df-ds 15964 df-unif 15965 df-hom 15966 df-cco 15967 df-rest 16083 df-topn 16084 df-0g 16102 df-gsum 16103 df-topgen 16104 df-pt 16105 df-prds 16108 df-xrs 16162 df-qtop 16167 df-imas 16168 df-xps 16170 df-mre 16246 df-mrc 16247 df-acs 16249 df-mgm 17242 df-sgrp 17284 df-mnd 17295 df-submnd 17336 df-mulg 17541 df-cntz 17750 df-cmn 18195 df-psmet 19738 df-xmet 19739 df-met 19740 df-bl 19741 df-mopn 19742 df-fbas 19743 df-fg 19744 df-cnfld 19747 df-top 20699 df-topon 20716 df-topsp 20737 df-bases 20750 df-cld 20823 df-ntr 20824 df-cls 20825 df-nei 20902 df-lp 20940 df-perf 20941 df-cn 21031 df-cnp 21032 df-haus 21119 df-cmp 21190 df-tx 21365 df-hmeo 21558 df-fil 21650 df-fm 21742 df-flim 21743 df-flf 21744 df-xms 22125 df-ms 22126 df-tms 22127 df-cncf 22681 df-0p 23437 df-limc 23630 df-dv 23631 df-ply 23944 df-idp 23945 df-coe 23946 df-dgr 23947 df-log 24303 df-cxp 24304 |
This theorem is referenced by: (None) |
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